Okubonwayo kunye nembali Tomsk

Ukuze ukufunda imbali isixeko kusoloko umdla. Ngapha koko, indlela yobomi kukuba izixeko ezizodwa, yaye kungekudala uqala ukucinga malunga nenjongo, nganye kuzo kweli lizwe.

jikelele

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngembali isixeko Tomsk, malunga nto wakhula ngcembe kwaye ziphuhliswe phezu kwamakhulu amane. Kuyamangalisa ukuba esi sisombululo ibiya amabanjwa kunye ngokukhonza abantu, kodwa kwixesha elifutshane baba enzima ezinye izixeko zasekhaya ezininzi. Ngowe-1991 Tomsk wanikwa iwonga isixeko yembali, njengoko sikwimo entle yolondolozo ye-unique embalini izakhiwo, ubume njalo njalo. Xa imbeko esi sixeko ogama Ibhanti (4931). Igama yesixeko igama enyukliya ngwenya K-150 iphenyane "Tomsk", inxalenye Russian Pacific Fleet. Umbhali Alexander the okunoneleleyo kunye uhlaza umzi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba benza umlingo kwi sentsomi kwavela Emerald City!

Imbali Tomsk wasixelela ukuba sixeko elinye igama - Siberian Athens. Uye wafuna ukwazi ukuba kutheni kunjalo igama? Emva koko uye phambili!

Isiseko of Tomsk inqaba

Oku amazing kwisixeko samandulo yeSiberia iingxaki ngembali bezinto zakudala nanamhlanje, yaye bonke ngenxa 1604 uKumkani Boris wakhupha ummiselo ngokwesiseko omzi "kwindawo nzima ngobabalo lukaThixo ...." Imbali kwisixeko Tomsk iye ngaphezu kwamakhulu amane!

Prince Toyan wacela uncedo kukumkani ukuziphendulela kunye nokukhuselwa yemihlaba yabo. Ngoko ke uPhilip, yaye ingcamango wafumana isixeko ezintabeni kufuphi Cape Uvuko Tom River. Imbali igama Tomsk ilula: lowo umzi igama emva kokuba umlambo apho usekelwe yi egcina imali. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba wonyaka kwangaloo yagqitywa ukwakhiwa kulendawo.

Tomsk inqaba kwakhiwa ubuchule "Gorodnya." Isiseko waba quadrangle inqaba, a umzila ka-0.2 hectares. Iindonga nenqaba liphezulu kufikelelwa 6.5 m. Bekukho ezinde-4 kwi emasondweni the Deaf. Ngasemntla kunye okwahlukileyo, ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe udonga zakhiwa zezithuthi iinqaba, ukuphakama kwazo 13 no-22 eemitha. Kule ndawo zaye sliding phantsi indlu, iRhuluneli kwintendelezo, athi bhuma ezohlukeneyo bhuma, kwakunye Emnye Church, owasekwa ngo-1606.

Leyo idolophu encinane kangaka Tomsk. Imbali isiseko ilula, kodwa isixeko kubalulekileyo bayahlelwa karhulumente Russian zibalulekile.

Tomic waqhubeka ukomeleza ukwakha iindonga ezintsha kwisixeko samandulo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1609 i "iindonga ezintathu" ukuya kwicala elingasemntla ezinqabeni prirub enye entolongweni. Ubude lilonke iindonga emalunga 604 neemitha kunye neemitha ezimbini. Kugqitywe isithulu ezimbini watyhutyha inqaba. Ke kaloku indawo zonke izakhiwo Tomsk lanako 4 hectares. Ibali ayipheli kunye nokudalwa Tomsk.

Inqanaba elilandelayo sokwakha

Enye Fort yakhiwa ngo-1634 kumacala omabini omlambo Ushayka River, njengoko uninzi abemi bahlala apho. Zeziphi bendawo bathi: "Le elisezantsi nqaba." isiqalelo umlilo uye abangeniswayo Tomsk ngo-1639 no 1643, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Esi sixeko kakubi itshiswe. Ngeli xesha sele ehlala abantu amawaka amabini e-Tomsk. Kwezi, amafama ngaphezulu kwama-700, abathengisi kunye udidi lweenkonzo abantu.

Emva umlilo 1652 abemi kunye nabayili bezakhiwo zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa iinqaba esi sixeko.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, Tomsk - inqaba somthi ayirhawula stockade, kunye 7 eyakhelwe-izithuthi kunye iinqaba abangevayo. Upper Fort fanele kwinqaba kwicala elingasentla eludongeni, apho kwakukho ukuqhuba inqaba enkulu.

Ngowe-1734 e Tomsk eza G. F. Miller - eli historiography yesizwe. Kwidayari yakhe wabhala ukuba imbali isiseko Tomsk Iyamangalisa, ukukhula kwayo umnqwazi isantya yabo. Kwakhona uthi le nqaba, owakhelwe "phezu imodeli izindlu ngamaplanga," yaye kwi ezinde kufuphi emasangweni babe zokudubula zomlilo. Kwakukho enye inqaba - lweyesixhenxe, kunye ngobuqhokolo. Ngeyabo Emnye Church. Ngaphaya nqaba yokubonisela encinane, kwinkulungwane XVIII ngayo zithokombisile amabanjwa balwa.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, esi sixeko yahlulwe zizabelo ezisixhenxe. zokuqinisa esi sixeko iye yagcinwa. Kwaye phakathi komzi;

• 7 amabandla.
• 1 Monastery.
• 237 = 3 ilondoloza inani yorhwebo.
• 1500 amakhaya zasezidolophini.
• abemi 7500.

Imbali Tomsk, ebhalwe encwadini yeembali, uthi ngo-1723 abemi abaninzi beso sixeko ngayo malunga 9000 abemi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Esi sixeko yayihlala

Siberian Tomsk yaba liziko ngokwalo Economics, Geography ne-nkqubo zomkhosi ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Makhe sijonge kuwo.

Okokuqala, Tomsk - iziko apho amaqela Cossacks waya ahambe ujikeleze kwilizwe non-noxolo oluvela zeAltai Mountains, le isuka ye Yenisei ukuya Transbaikalia emaqeleni kwaye nkqu Pacific Ocean! Ukuba udidi lweenkonzo abantu Tomsk indlela eyenziwe ngomhla wokuqala babeziindleko zaseSiberia.

Okwesibini, isiseko lokuqala loqoqosho nophuhliso somzi ngokufama ikhuba. Oku kulandela uluvo lokuba Tomsk babephuma ukulima izixeko Russian. Kungekudala, umzi siyavela kwaye kuphuhlisa ubugcisa. Sele 1626, esi sixeko amagcisa ngaphezulu kwama-20. Emva kweminyaka engama-30, eli nani linyuke nge-2.5. Nokuba iminyaka elikhulu phakathi Tomich ngaphezulu kwama-380 Iingcibi amakhono ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho inkosi-iingcali: .. ngabapeyinti Icon, Armorer, watchmakers, njl Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, njengoko oko kungqinwa kwimbali isixeko Tomsk, evela lokunyibilikisa yentsimbi ekrwada kumanqanaba mveliso. ngokhuni nokuchwela ifikelele ziphakamileyo. Tomsk izakhiwo le isiqinisekiso. thina izakhiwo Ibali Tomsk ziya kuqwalaselwa kamva.

Okwesithathu, umzi kusekwangoko kakhulu yaye ngokukhawuleza yaba yeyona inkulu ezivenkileni, njengoko yasekwa elumelwaneni lwaloo mmandla osemazantsi yaseSiberia. Tomsk - Centre zento intshukumo ezizwe eSiberia.

amaziko emfundo

Kwingingqi yeSiberia Tomsk kukukhokela kwezi zixeliweyo kwinani lezikolo iminyaka eli-100. Sele 1878, kulo mzi ekuqaleni Imperial University eRashiya ngaphaya Urals wavuleka.

University ogama emva V. Kuybysheva ingqalelo le yunivesithi lidala eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude. History of Tomsk wabonisa ukuba yasekwa ngo-1880. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, iziko wavula amandla zonyango kunye nomthetho. Ukongeza, ngokusekelwe Tomsk State University zokufundisa yaphuhliswa kunye namaziko zonyango.

Ngowe-1976 tsu wavula amasebe ngeendlela:

• ngokomzimba;
• Radio Physics;
• Ubucukubhede and Mathematics;
• Physics and Technology;
• Neeminerali kunye neJografi;
• Applied Mathematics;
• chemical;
• umhlaba kanye begazi;
• zomthetho;
• Philology;
• imbali;
• ezoqoqosho;
• uqeqesho;
• School Graduate;
• OluMiselweyo kunye nembalelwano namasebe.

I tsu wavula ngamaziko ophando kwiinkalo ubucukubhede nemathematika, ibhayoloji, kunye biophysics. Kukho eyunivesithi igadi yezityalo kunye lwembali ezininzi:

• mineralogy;
• kwesayensi;
• ngokuphila;
• kudala;
• ezizwe;
• herbarium.

Ilayibrari lwenzululwazi ngecala ezishelifini yayo imiqulu million ezintathu.

Ihostele kumfundi Tbilisi State University yakhiwa ngo-1883 ngokupheleleyo imali ezinikelwe eziqokelelweyo. Amagumbi waba ifanitshala kunye nempahla ezifunekayo ukuze abafundi ukuhlala obutofotofo. Ngokuba kubo igumbi lokutyela evulekileyo kwithala leencwadi. Kwaye indlela imo umfundisi lokuhlola elandelayo.

Ke zona iindawo zolonwabo kunye nezenkcubeko yobomi wesixeko, ngoko sele kwinkulungwane ye-19 kwafunyanwa Philharmonic, zemidlalo iimyuziyam.

ezinye izibalo

Ukuvulwa Tomsk State University bachaphazeleka kakhulu umgangatho wobomi - kuba ngokomgangatho iphuculwe. Oku akumangalisi, kwiminyaka kuba emva 100 emva kokuvulwa University of ezishicilelwe ootitshala phantse 2,000, ootitshala kunye nabaphandi, kubandakanywa oonjingalwazi 70 kunye nabafundisi zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo, oonjingalwazi malunga 450 abancedisayo kunye nabaviwa, kunye nenani labafundi ngaphaya 8,000.

Inkangeleko engaphandle komzi

History of Tomsk House ithi izakhiwo ngamaplanga kunye bokwakha ngexesha akapheleli nje ubuzaza kodwa iintlobo ezintle, lwefacade enomtsalane, Q kunye lokubhalela emangalisayo oqingqiweyo.

Namhlanje, umntu uyakwazi ukubona izakhiwo ezininzi ezibonisa iindwendwe kwinkangeleko sixeko kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidluleyo. ibandla elihle kakhulu yoVuko, eyenziweyo yobuciko. Kwakhona ubukeka amazing Gostiny Dvor ezivenkileni, eyenziwe ngamatye. Kukho izakhiwo ezenziwe indlela classicism:

• KaMantyi (1802-1812 gg.).
• ofisi zikarhulumente (1830-1842 GG.).
• Exchange complex (1854-1854 gg.).
• Esi sakhiwo yokuqala Tbilisi State University (1880-1885 gg.).

uhlaza oluninzi, ulondolozo kwimimandla ehlathini, omninzi zamatye kunye nezakhiwo eyenziwe ngomthi kunye nangokukrola ekhethekileyo - isici eyahlula kwizitalato Tomsk. Imbali ibonisa ukuba xa bokwakha ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngomthi, kodwa, ngelishwa, kukho inani elikhulu izakhiwo ngamaplanga yatshabalala imililo ezininzi. Namhlanje, ukuthenga ikhaya ikhefu, Tomichi nokuhombisa iifestile zayo neengcango oqingqiweyo iinkuni balondoloza ngenyameko nezithethe backwoods zaseSiberia. Bendawo nabo ahombise amakhaya abo ekwimimandla emelene Tomsk.

apho ukuya

iziko	idilesi	iimpawu
museum lwazi lendawo	Frunze Avenue, d. 2	Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-Matshi 1922, endlwini Tomsk Gold Mining I. D. Astasheva. Ncedisa kwi lokusekwa mboniso avuleke olondolozo abe Tretyakov Gallery kunye Rumyantsev Museum
Museum of Architecture Wooden	LaseKirov Ithemba, d. 7	Le myuziyam ibekwe kwisakhiwo-oqingqiweyo izakhiwo Russian ezibalulekileyo federal. Indlu eyakhiwe iinkuni, ngombala senziwe maxesha. umboniso Museum ukwakweli kumgangatho wesibini, kwaye nkqu elisezantsi kophahla. I Fund iye nama-200 imiboniso, kwakunye njengezinto 300 agcinwe khona okwexeshana
Ngethamsanqa lesikhumbuzo	Shevchenko Street, d. 19	Umfanekiso ngokwemo ingcuka inomnye igama - ". Kanye ngoku ukucula" It wavula akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, ngo-2005. Wolf limele ulonwabo, ngokutsho umbhali kweprojekthi Leontiya Usova
imali engange lesikhumbuzo	indawo Novo Cathedral	Weight zemali yeplanga malunga 250 kg. Wenza imali ezinjalo pine. Okokuqala, ukususela ekutshatyalalisweni ukufuma layo ligutyungelwe kunye nesisombululo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa emva koko "zahlanganiswa" kwibhokisi ekhethekileyo seplastikhi esitransparenti
Museum yomlando Tomsk emzini	Street Bakunin, d. 3	Wakuvulela uluntu kutshanje kuphela, ngo-2003. Lo mboniso ubizwa ngokuba "I Lokuqala Century of Tomsk"
Epiphany Cathedral	Lenin Square, d. 8	Enye icawa ezindala Tomsk. Elimiswe ngo-1630
Planetarium	Lenin Avenue, d. 82, k. 1	Ngokusekelwe tsu
Theatre "intshi" igama emva R. Vindermana	Ummandla seTyuwa, d. 4	Le nkundla wavula iingcango zalo iindwendwe kwiminyaka 40 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Le ndawo enkulu kutyelela nabantwana abancinane, njengoko neziveliso zonke eziveliswa owenziwe onopopi
Museum intsomi baseMpumalanga	Street Zagorny, d. 12	I-museum inkulu imajini phambene. Exhibitors ziquka imiboniso ezizodwa. ukupeyinta ngoM, imizobo - konke oku kusekelwe kwiintsomi lwethu, kwakunye esekelwe iintsomi Russian. Rus yamandulo 'uza ubomi phambi abatyeleli lwembali

Yintoni iindwendwe ephawulekayo

Ekubeni Tomsk - kwidolophu endala eSiberia, kukho izakhiwo ezininzi zembali. Namhlanje le myuziyam ligcinwe kubo, iibhanki, iinkonzo zolawulo. Kukho iicawa ezininzi Orthodox, kukho icawa nkqu mosque. Namhlanje, kumhlaba owayekade Tomsk inqaba iye iiyunivesithi ezintlanu, abadlali eziphezu ibakala Drama Theatre. Inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo ezizodwa kunye funny ziyayihombisa ezitratweni zomzi. Kodwa ngaphandle komzi kukho ezinika ukuba akukho umdla ngaphantsi nentsingiselo!

Umzekelo, umsinga top Basandayki ibethe malunga 15 imithombo ngamanzi engaqhelekanga ephilisayo. bendawo ezintathu ebizwa ngokuba "Talovskie isitya." Ezo igama yokomfuziselo abamkelwa ngenxa ityuwa lime ezikuyo. Uphuma usiya kuma phezu komlambo, amacandelo uzakhela udonga okweqanda mnyama ngenxa isiqulatho oxide manganese. Isitya inkulu eyenze imida:

• udonga ubukhulu - 30 cm;
• ukuphakama - 1 imitha;
• Ubude - iimitha 4.

Ithi Talovskaya amanzi ephilisa kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kamnandi incasa. Okumangalisayo kukuba kwi zasebusika, ezi amaqhosha musa ngumkhenkce ngonaphakade.

Tomsk indalo igcwele ezikhumbuzo ezizodwa ezidinga ingqalelo akukho ngaphantsi kunayo itempile okanye Gostiny Dvor.

isiphelo

Imbali Tomsk izele kweziganeko izibakala. Isixeko likhula ngokukhawuleza nokuphuhlisa. Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-4, abe ukufezekisile oko ezininzi isixeko not translate kule iminyaka eliwaka.

City uye wadala yaye liphuhlise ezahlukeneyo lwezibonelelo. Namhlanje, ingxaki engundoqo - ukugcina nokuphucula ngayo. Ukongeza, kukho inkxalabo Tomsk - ulondolozo umntu yezembali, amabhongo creative Siberia IAthene - iziko imbali yenkcubeko. Inani elikhulu amanyathelo athathiweyo, kodwa kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe abasemagunyeni.

History of Tomsk ngokufutshane kunye ngokucacileyo kubonisa iindwendwe kwisixeko bobukhulu bakhe, impumelelo nenkqubela.

Abakhenkethi abaye batyelela Tomsk, bathi kulo mzi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyithanda. Bakukubona oko ecocekileyo igcinwe kakuhle. Oku waphawula ukuba abaqhubi athobekile kubahambi ngeenyawo. Amabhinqa achaze le dolophu ezimnandi kunye mhle. Amadoda enjoy Tomsk Beer Museum. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isixeko kuthathwa ukuba mdala, kukho abantu abaselula abaninzi ababhalise kwiiyunivesithi zikarhulumente iikholeji.

Ukuze ufumane lo mzi ebukekayo kwaye yimbali kungenziwa moya, oololiwe, iibhasi kunye yemoto khosi. nakuba emfutshane naseNovosibirsk: 250 km - kwaye wena apho.