Ukubunjwa, Imfundo Secondary nezikolo
Yintoni na isakhiwo yeseli elula? inkcazelo eneenkcukacha
Ngaba uyayazi into enjengesakhiwo iseli elula? Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko eli nqaku ubhekiswa kuni.
Bubunzululwazi esifunda yokuhlala?
Le inzululwazi kuthiwa cytology. It is a isebe eziphilayo. Yena uyakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni na isakhiwo yeseli lenyama. Kwakhona, oku kuqwalaselwa kuphela isakhiwo, kodwa iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kule seli. Oku cellular yokuphefumla, ukutya, yokuvelisa nangefotosinthesisi. elula phindo indlela - ukwahlulwa iseli elula. Ezinye iiseli nezakhiwo bayakwazi photosynthesis - imveliso into ephilayo evela ezingaphiliyo. internal yeselula kwenzeka cleavage glucose. Lo ngowona msebenzi ungundoqo carbohydrate kwiseli. Xa igcwala yezikhala zabo ufumana amandla.
Ngoobani elula?
Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele nomba wokuba isakhiwo iseli lulula, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na ezi "zidalwa".
Ngaba eziphilayo ukuze luqulathe iseli enye. Zibizwa eukaryotes kwakhona, ekubeni kukho engundoqo kwizisele zabo. iseli elula efana kakhulu iseli omzimba multicellular.
ngezigaba
Kukho iintlobo ezilula ezintandathu:
- ciliates;
- Radiolaria;
- Dory;
- sporozoans;
- sarkozhgutikonostsy;
- flagellates.
Abameli uhlobo yokuqala abahlala amachibi ityuwa. Ezinye iintlobo kuphila emhlabeni.
Ibihlungu ikakhulu zimelwe gazi ekuyo.
Radiolarians njengoko ciliates, eziphila elwandle. Zinelungelo iqokobhe esiqinileyo eyenziwe lesilicon dioxide, ezinye zazo zamatye kwakheka.
isici Sunfish kukuba ukuhambahamba encediswa pseudopodia.
Sarkozhgutikonostsy wasebenzisa indlela enjalo zokuhamba. Kule hlobo fanele amoeba ezininzi kunye nezinye lenyama.
Flagellates zazimela uluhlu ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, ezisetyenziswa ukuba ukuhanjiswa misila. Ezinye iintlobo ze lenyama angaphila amachibi, kwaye abanye gazi. Ukongezelela, amalungu amaninzi olu hlobo zikhona kwiiseli ze chloroplasts. Ezi elibangela ngokwabo bathela ezifunekayo izondlo ubomi iphotosynthesis.
Yintoni na isakhiwo yeseli elula?
isakhiwo iseli ukuba uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu ezinkulu: plasma inwebu, kukho icytoplasm kunye isiqalo. Inani nuclei iiseli eziziziqalelo ilingana omnye. Oku kwahlukile kwiiseli yintsholongwane, ecingisisiweyo nuclei. Ngoko ke, makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ngalinye leekhomponenti ezintathu kwiseli.
Le plasma ndizayo
Ubume iseli ye elula ngokuyimfuneko kubonisa ubukho kweli candelo. Kuyinto noxanduva lokugcina homeostasis esiseleni, ukhusela ukusuka iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo. Le inwebu plasma iqulethe iindidi ezintathu lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids kunye cholesterol. Ngabona ubume phospholipids ndizayo.
Le kukho icytoplasm ngu: kusebenza njani?
Oku konke yinxalenye iseli, ngaphandle ngumongo, leyo ngaphakathi ndizayo plasma. Le ibandakanya hyaloplasm kunye organelles, kunye inclusions. Hyaloplasm - okusingqongileyo ngaphakathi esiseleni. Organelles na izakhiwo ezisisigxina ukuba enze imisebenzi ethile, njengoko ukuqukwa kwezakhiwo non-esisigxina ukuba enze ikakhulu ukhetho imfuyo.
Ubume bale iiseli nezakhiwo: organelles
Esiseleni, ubukho nje organelles ezininzi, ezo abayinqobo kwiiseli isilwanyana. Ukongeza, ngokuchaseneyo iiseli zezinto eziphilileyo multicellular, uninzi cell organelles iintshukumo ezilula - zonke iintlobo misila, isiliya kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Ubukho kwingxelo onjalo ndoqhayisa iiseli ezimbalwa kakhulu kwezilwanyana multicellular - kuphela isidoda.
Ngu organelles anokufumaneka kwiiseli elula ke mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi complex. Iiseli nazo ezinye chloroplasts limalunga, leyo uphawu plant cells. Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ngamnye kubo itafile.
| organelle | isakhiwo | imisebenzi |
| mitochondria | Banolwazi imifinya ezimbini: zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, phakathi apho kukho isithuba intermembrane. Le inwebu yangaphakathi iye protuberances - cristae okanye emikhulu. Beza bonke abasabela ezisisiseko kwemichiza. Yintoni ngaphakathi inwebu ezimbini, wabiza matrix. Ngayo le organelles ntetho ribosomes zabo, inclusion, RNA ayo kunye DNA ayo. | isizukulwana Power. Xa inkqubo ezi organelles of nokuphefumla yeselula. |
| ribosomes | Yakhiwa subunits ezimbini. Baye nemisipha. Omnye subunits uye ubukhulu amakhulu kuneyesibini. Ribosomes zimanyene kuphela umsebenzi. Xa organoid engasebenziyo, la subunits ezimbini bahlukane. | Protein yokuqaphela (inkqubo translation). |
| lysosomes | Yiba imilo ajikelezayo. Baye ndizayo omnye. Ngaphakathi inwebu kukho enzayim iyafuneka ukuze cleavage organic izinto ezintsonkothileyo. | ukugaywa zeselula. |
| reticulum endoplasmic | imilo Tubular. | Libandakanyeka ukutya, unoxanduva lipid yokuqaphela. |
| Golgi complex | Stack kwamatanki ezimilise idiskhi yokugcina. | Isetyenziswa ukuba Yindibanisela glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids. Kuchaza nokwahlula iiprothini. |
| chloroplasts | Banolwazi imifinya amabini kwisithuba intermembrane phakathi kwabo. Le thylakoids matrix zithi zidityaniswe zibe ngokufumba (grana lamellae. Ngaphezu koko, xa isizalo ezi ribosomes sokuhlanganisa RNA ne-DNA. | IFotosinthesisi (kwenzeka thylakoids). |
| vacuoles | elibangela abaninzi ababehlala amanzi kufuneka vacuoles contractile (organelles kunye inwebu ukulenza) | Ekufunxeni ulwelo excess emzimbeni. |
Ukongeza, iiseli banikwe iintshukumo ezilula organelles. Lo isenokuba misila kunye isiliya. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo, umzimba sinokuba zombini single kunye ezininzi misila.
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