Ushakov biography Admiral. umphathi Russian yomkhosi wamanzi, Admiral Fodor Fodorovich Ushakov

Xa kwimbali sethu impi kunye weenqanawa nabanobuntu ngokwaneleyo abadumileyo. Aba bantu abo kuba impembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso kuphela ishishini emkhosini, kodwa sokumiswa lonke elo lizwe. Enye yezi zinto Admiral Ushakov. Biography of ngale ndoda ephawulekayo, funda eli nqaku.

yokuthandwa kwayo uthetha ubuncinane yokuba Navy yoBukhosi baseRashiya kunye eSoviet Union baneenqanawa ezininzi ogama emva kwakhe. Ngokukodwa, nokuba omnye Cruiser ka Soviet Navy. Ukususela ngo-1944, kukho imiyalelo kunye neembasa Ushakov. Igama layo emva inani lamaziko kwi Arctic.

impilo Early

Fyodor Ushakov wazalwa, eli gosa elizayo, kwidolophana encinane Burnakovo, elichithwe kwiphondo enkulu Moscow, ngoFebruwari 1745. Lowo weza evela intsapho kumninindlu, kodwa engenabutyebi kakhulu. Akumangalisi ke, kwafuneka ukuba aye esikolweni ekuqaleni ukwenzela ukuba ukunyanzela abazali bachithe imali umxholo wayo. Ngowe-1766, wafunda i yeCadet lweSizwe, ukufumana isikhundla segosa yesigunyaziso. umsebenzi wakhe yomkhosi wamanzi baqalisa kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ushakov nangoko kwaba ukuba umphathi okwaziyo umntu onesibindi.

Kokuqalisa inkonzo, impumelelo kuqala

Sele kule minyaka 1768-1774, ebudeni bemfazwe yokuqala kunye Turks, Ushakov umthambo myalelo eziliqela Zempi. Yena nayo yathatha inxaxheba wokhuselo yobuqhawe kunxweme iCrimea.

In kwiBaltic Fyodor Ushakov wathi awahlali "St. uPawulos", yaye kamva kulo wenza lenguqu ukuya kuLwandle lweMeditera. Ayewenza izabelo kubalulekile ukuthutha imithi kwi-St Petersburg zalapho. Ngowe-1780, wada wamiselwa umthetheli-yacht komlawuli, kodwa gosa elizayo uyala le post ekruqulayo kunye nezicelo ukutshintshwa emva wempi emgceni. Ke Ushakov wafumana isikhundla nenduna abakuluhlu lwesibini.

Ukususela ngo 1780 kude kube 1782 wayalela wempi "Victor". Ngeli xesha, Ushakov rhoqo phezu kweendlela: yena neqela lakhe ukukhusela iindlela zorhwebo evela privateers IsiNgesi, ngubani kakhulu unbelted ngelo xesha.

Indima ekudaleni Black Sea Fleet

Enye isenzo aziwa Admiral Ushakov. biography bakhe kuquka into yokuba lo mntu wayengomnye wabaseki zonke Black Sea Fleet. Ukususela 1783 yena benza ukwakhiwa isiseko Sevastopol ngenxa fleet, ngokobuqu, ukubongamela uqeqesho amaqela ezintsha kwi ngeenqanawa. Ngo-1874, Ushakov waba umphathi abakuluhlu yokuqala. Emva koko ufumana Order of St. Vladimir degree 4-th ukuba umlo lalo isibetho Ubhubhane Kherson. Emva koko, yena wayenikwe umyalelo wenqanawa "St. uPawulos" waza wanikwa isikhundla nenduna, uBrigadier.

Imfazwe Turks

Ngexesha elinye imfazwe baseTurkey, ukususela 1787 kude Ngo1791, yathiywa igama Ushakov ubophe zoloyiso umhombiso imikhumbi Russian. Ngoko ke, xa amadabi elwandle kufuphi Fidonisi Islands (ngoku ekuthiwa laseZohelete), nto leyo wathabatha indawo Julayi 3, 1788, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov ngokobuqu owayeququzelela Vanguard kwezi frigates ezine. Imikhumbi Turkish ngelo xesha yayiquka neenqanawa nje 49, umthetho yi Eski-Hassan.

Siye saba nje 36 iinqanawa nqanawa nempahla - izihlandlo ezihlanu ngaphantsi. It Ushakov, ngekhono wajika, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba baseTurkey indlela, wakwazi ukuba ulwe ezimbini iinqanawa zabo ilungileyo umgca, umzobo umlilo imipu zabo ukuba babaleke. iiyure ezintathu yathatha eli dabi, nto leyo ikhokelele zonke izithuthi Turkish bakhetha umhlala phantsi. Ngeli edabini Admiral Ushakov elizayo (ngobomi bakhe ichazwe kwinqaku) lanikwa ukuba Cavaliers of St George.

kuzo ezintsha

Iminyaka emibini ezayo amadabi aselwandle akuyona. Noko ke, ngo-1790, phantsi kolawulo Ushakov nokudlulisela zonke izithuthi Sea Black. Igosa esebenzayo nangoko waqalisa ukuqeqesha amabutho iimpahla umzila. Kungekudala ndaza ndafumana ithuba ukujonga umsebenzi: ukusuka eSinope butho yangasemva Admiral Ushakov ebezihamba phantse ezimashumi iinqanawa yotshaba. Ukuphendula, yonke butho Turkish wangena kuhlasela. Ilindele oku, a advance iqela abanetalente wakhokelela imikhumbi yakhe, walimisa ukumisa kufutshane Kerch Strait ukuze yokuvimba iinqanawa idabi Turkish ukuya eCrimea kunye nokuthintela ukugaleleka bahlukunyezwe yotshaba. Ngoko ke waqalisa ukulwa Kerch aselwandle. Kamva, oko wangena phantse zonke iincwadi idabi yomkhosi wamanzi, njengoko iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ngoko gosa, zaba kuba ixesha ngokwenene phambili.

impi entsha

Noko ke, kungekudala Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich (biography ogama iqulethe iziqephu ezininzi ezifana) wagqiba kumkhawulela butho Turkish. Le isilingo kwaba akhe ngenxa Turks: ngethemba ngokuba umoya kakuhle, bagqiba ekubeni bawathathe bawathathe izithuthi Russian ulonakalise.

Kodwa ke, isicwangciso sabo Ushakov kwakucaca, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngexesha unikwa umyalelo yakhiwe kwaye ugqamisa Zempi ezimbalwa yokugubungela ethembekileyo avant-garde. Xa wokugqibela Turks libotshelelwe edabini, wafika ezinye iinqanawa Russian. Xa ngentsimbi yesithathu emva kwemini umoya waqalisa lokuyibabala izithuthi zethu. squadrons ezimbini iinqanawa baqalisa ukuba idibane ngokukhawuleza, yaye kungekudala zokudubula zawo baya le ezimbini zokucwangcisa, eladlulayo.

gunners Russian azibonakalisa kweli dabi nje kakuhle. Kungekudala, uninzi iinqanawa Turkish ngenxa izixhobo intshabalalo enzima nako inxaxheba ukulwa. A kancinci kakhulu, yaye Russian Baqala ke ukuba nemihlali uloyiso ngokupheleleyo nangaphandle kwemibandela. I Turks wakwazi ukubaleka kuphela komsebenzi olungcono ngeenqanawa zayo compact kunye nimble. Ngoko ke ibali zithuthi Sea Black kwakhona ngelinye uloyiso oluzukileyo.

mbali abaninzi bathi kulo mlo, utshaba ayilahleki inqanawa enye zitshone, kodwa imeko zithuthi Turkish kwaba kukhulu ukuba enilwa kanye nako kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ukongeza, nabasebenza kuzo baye balahlekelwa enkulu kwawo, yaye amajoni igqampe zaye wonakele kakhulu. In Russian wabulala abantu-29 kuphela. Kuyinto imbeko olu loyiso ngowe-1915, omnye Zempi ze kwizithuthi wanikwa igama "Kerch".

Battle kufuphi Tendra

Ekupheleni kwehlobo-1790, kwakukho imfazwe ngokwanelisayo ebalulekileyo OF TENDRA apho butho Ushakova ngesiquphe Bakhubeka phezu Turks, ngesisa walala kwileveli. Admiral indiva zonke emasikweni fleet, wayalela ukuba uhlaselo sendleleni, ngaphandle Rebuilds ixesha elide. Ukukholosa impumelelo yaye iphenjelelwa ubukho leyo eye yaba reserve yemveli frigates ezine.

butho Turkish umthetho Kapudan Pasha Hussein. Yena waba umphathi onamava yomkhosi wamanzi, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele emva kweeyure eziliqela yokulwa kakhulu. I-flagship yezi zithuthi Russian "iKrismesi" phantsi umyalelo Ushakov wakhokela idabi ngaxeshanye ngeenqanawa ezintathu yotshaba. Xa Turks baye bagaleleka ukubaleka, iinqanawa Russian wasukela kwada kwahlwa, uze emva koko kwafuneka ukuba imikhumbi.

Ngosuku olulandelayo idabi kuqaliswe ngokomeleleyo ukuba kuqale. A iiyure ezimbalwa imfazwe yaphela soyise ukuba izithuthi zethu. Ngenxa yoko gosa unikwe Order of 2 nd St. George kaThixo, anamakhulu amahlanu ngamakhoboka, onikwe elo phondo Mogilev. Emva koko, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, ngamafutshane, uye abe abanini mhlaba "-ezinegazi ngokupheleleyo". Noko ke, izindlu zabo, yena phantse akazange watyelela, ukuba usoloko exakekile wezithuthi.

Battle of Kaliakra loyiso ezintsha

On umhlaba, Turkey iye ubunzima ukwenzakala ngokusisigxina. Sultan Pasha wagqiba ukulwa umva, ngokuthatha ukuziphindezelela elwandle. Iinqanawa zaqokelelwa kuwo ubukhosi, yaye kungekudala kufuphi Istanbul waba izithuthi enamandla kakhulu. Waye ke mali leenqanawa 78 kungekudala esixhaswa kufuphi Cape Kaliakra. Ukususela ngelo xesha waqalisa leeholide yamaMuslim Eid al-Adha, amanye amabutho ukuba ekhululwe ukuya elunxwemeni.

Noko ke, urhulumente Russian kweli xesha ekuqaleni iintetho kunye notshaba elibuthathaka, kangangokuba Turks bavuya kakhulu kuphela. Kodwa gosa wayengazi ngalo Ushakov (ngobomi bakhe ngaloo kwakhona elinye idabi) xa wafumana fleet Turkish. Ngokutsho mkhwa yakhe endala, ngoko nangoko wanika umyalelo yakhiwe kwi indawo zinokugcinwa, ngaxeshanye zokudubula utshaba fleet kuzo zonke imipu.

I Turks azama ukuphinda kushenxa phantsi umlilo ngoxa eqhuba ekuphangeni. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa Battle of Cape Kaliakra. Sele wakhankanya ephambili yezi zithuthi Russian "iKrismesi" ukuya kuhlasela utshaba. Kungekudala emva koko kwizithuthi utshaba wayesasazekile, yaye ngo-Ngo1791 ekugqibeleni asayina isivumelwano soxolo.

Umsebenzi post-imfazwe

Emva kwemfazwe, Admiral lonke ixesha namandla akhe ukulungiswa kunye nophuhliso Black Sea Fleet. Ngowe-1793 waba wonyuselwa Vice Admiral. Ngeli xesha, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, ogama biography lizele iziganeko ezibalulekileyo, sele wayedume omkhulu Navy, yena ohlonelwa iintshaba.

Kwaye kukho ntoni ibe ukwazi yembali, neRashiya umfelandawonye nxamnye French uba njengehlakani Turkey, ngalo Ushakov alwa kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Ngexesha hambo lweMeditera ka 1798-1800 tyelelo Admiral ukuba Istanbul, apho butho wakhe wazibandakanya nomkhosi weenqanawa kadir Bey. Lo msebenzi kwakunzima: ukukhulula ezininzi kwiziqithi (kubandakanywa neCorfu nesiGrike), baze baphume ukuba bajoyine kunye British phantsi umyalelo we Nelson.

ukuthatha neCorfu

Phantse zonke iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo zafakwa kwi wayebaleka, kodwa neCorfu waba inqaba enamandla, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kuqala Ushakov wayalela ukuba amamkelele kuloo ukuqapha elwandle. Elihamba kwi butho united akazange ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ukucinga malunga hlaselo kwexesha. Emva thethwano elide kwaye gqolo ekugqibeleni icala Turkish wathumela 4.5 amawaka amajoni kunye nenye 2000 baba athathwe yasekuhlaleni. Oku kungenzeka ukwenza isicwangciso ukuthatha into.

paratroopers Russian, phantsi umlilo Fort afike, ngokukhawuleza waqala ukwakha iibhetri ezimbini zokudubula. Ezinye elihamba bayalelwa ukuba ahlasele ekomelezeni ngcembe isiFrentshi. Ngelo xesha nye waqalisa kuhla eso siqithi Vido, ekampini ogama wanikela ngokukhawuleza.

zokudubula Naval waphumelela ekumelaneni ibhetri isiFrentshi, ngoko waqalisa ukuhlasela. Ngaba yoyiswe yinxalenye eludongeni; kwandule ke inkampu waqonda ukuba ukuziziliza ngakumbi ukuba nantoni na elungileyo nakanye. Kwi umkhumbi gosa kaThixo "St. uPawulos" zaye iqalise uthethwano ukuba uzinikele kuye.

career laso

Ngexesha lo msebenzi Ushakov wonyuselwa ukuba wempi ngokupheleleyo. Nkqu Turks thaca utshaba ezininzi izipho zakhe zangaphambili ezixabisekileyo, eqonda italente yakhe yasemkhosini. Emva kwezi ziganeko, butho Russian ngenkuthalo zancedisa imikhosi emhlabeni Suvorov, ngelo xesha inxaxheba Northern Italy. Ukuthatha esebenza kwiMeditera, Russian Admiral ebotshiwe ngokupheleleyo iindlela zorhwebo lotshaba, ngaxeshanye uvimba amazibuko Genoa kunye Ancona. Yindawo le ekwafikela inqanawa yakhe wazibalula ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwakhe ngexesha uhlaselo kunye nokukhululwa French imikhosi e Naples neRoma.

Ngeli xesha, lo matiloshe endala nqa wonke italente uzowenza yakhe nobugcisa kwaye abakum wakwazi ukucima iingxaki nengcambu thethana belinye iqela. Yaba nguye lowo negalelo zokusekwa kwe-Republic of Islands Asixhenxe eGrisi, kunye nezinye oonozakuzaku udale Yeengwevu Greek. Ukuqaliswa kwee-odolo ezintsha bavuya kunye phantse zonke siqithi. Ezi ezintsha Yaduma Ushakov abekwezo ndawo, kodwa yabangela ukunganeliseki kakhulu ka Alexander I.

umhlala-phantsi

Bonke abo iinyanga ezintandathu ukuba gosa wayeyithathile Corinth Islands luyaqhubeka kuwakrobela. Bendawo ngayo umphathi yomkhosi wamanzi njengoko umkhululi wazo ukusuka umsebenzi French. Butho lakubo wabuya September 26, 1800, balibeka e Sevastopol. I koMlawuli waba aneliseke kakhulu kunye iimbono republic of Ushakov, kodwa into nako ukwenza kunye naye, ngenxa yokoyika abasabela yomkhosi kunye weenqanawa. Ngowe-1802, oko liyasuswa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ngenene, amisiweyo intloko ekuqhubeni lwezithuthi kuLwandle aseBalti neenkampu kuqeqeshwe Oomatiloshe.

Noko ke, Ushakov yaye wavuya ngayo: iminyaka emininzi ukuhamba abazange ukukhuthaza ezempilo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba sele ngo-1807 yena umhlalaphansi. Ngexesha kuhlaselwa isisiFrentshi 1812, wayiqhubela Tambov wamajoni, kodwa ngenxa yokuba amahlwempu emzimbeni kakuhle lokwaziwa edabini ayisa inxaxheba. Wafa wempi neyimbalasane ngo-1817, nto leyo wangcwatywa woonongendi Sanaskarskom.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nobomi

Nakule ubumiwe ngabeelwandle Ushakov ehlabathini lonke weza kungekuphela nje nanto yi nabani abazuza i-Admiral, kodwa njengoko umbhali lophawu amaqhinga ezintsha iinqanawa ukulwa. Unikela ingqalelo kakhulu uqeqesho anabantu nqanawa ngalinye butho yakhe, wammisa ngaphandle ngqwayi ezo minyaka. Admiral wakuthanda abangaphantsi: yena yayinzima kwaye ngenkani, kodwa hayi ukhohlakele.

Yintoni enye eyaziwa Ushakov? iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngaye eyothusayo: xa odolo USSR kunye iimbasa egameni lakhe lasekwa, kwaye kwacaca ... ukuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba ukujonga indlela mkhosi mkhulu aselwandle ngokwenyani. Kuphela umfanekiso wakhe yomhla we-1912, xa iminyaka engamakhulu Admiral njengokuba kwakunjalo abaphili. Isisombululo kwingxaki esinikelwe semvelaphi odumileyo Gerasimov: crypt Admiral yavulwa (kwaye oko kwaba ukuba ezinye abonakalisi beprophathi esele ikwazile ukuba zonke izinto kunye nekrele negolide), nge skull Scientist wathabatha imilinganiselo apho ngokutsha yomfanekiso zadalwa. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1944.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, lo mntu waziwayo lamiselwa yiCawa Orthodox. Ngoku ngcwele Admiral Ushakov ukhusela bonke abahambi yaye abo baza nje ukuba uhambo olude.

Kwaye enye Enyanisweni. In Sanaksar Monastery kuye amangcwaba ezimbini ... Feodor Ushakov. Omnye kubo - le Admiral. Eyesibini bobabo kuyisekazi, ngubani ngexesha lokudla kwakhe yaba umphathi woonongendi. Ngokufunda zokugcina, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba lo matiloshe odumileyo ayethanda ukuhlala phakathi kwezi iindonga, wahlala esihlweleni madding. nto yena wabhala ukuthanda kwakhe, njengako kwayo ukuba angcwatywe ecaleni umalume wakhe lowo.