Iibhokhwe zeebhokhwe zobisi: inkcazo, ifoto. Iibhokhwe ezizalisayo

Ibhokhwe - ukungathobeki, ukucoceka, isilwanyana esilungileyo kunye esinenzuzo kwindlu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ufuna iimeko zokunyamekela, ukunakekelwa kunye nokuqwalasela, kwanokuzaliseka kweengqungquthela ezithile, apho uya kuhlawula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nomnini. Ubisi bokuphulukisa, inyama ecocekileyo - yiyiphi iibhokhwe zobisi. Ukuzalisa ibhizinisi elibuhlungu, kodwa alikho nzima, ngokukhawuleza liphinde lenziwe. Iindleko zokutya, idivaysi yesigcawu sincinci kakhulu kunelo. Kulula ukuzikhathalela, ixesha elide alifunayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukugcina ukuziphatha kweebhokhwe. Abantwana bathanda ukudlala nabantwana - le yileksi yecksi ekhaya.

Ibhokhwe iya kudla kunye nokunyanga

Ubisi lweebhokhwe lunomsoco kwaye ukutya, olufana nesifuba sesifuba. Kulo xa kuthelekiswa neenkomo ezininzi iiprotheyini, isaliti ye-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus - "izinto zokwakha" zamathambo kunye namazinyo, i-fatter, kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu - i-hypoallergenic. Ngako oko, akukho mveliso engcono kunobisi weebhokhwe, kubantwana abangabonakaliyo, kubantu abaphikisayo kwenkomo. Kwimihla endala, xa kwakungekho mixube, ekhoyo esetyenziswa ngokusondeza abantwana, iintsana zanikwa ubisi lweebhokhwe. Kwakhona, abantu asebekhulile abajongene neengxaki zokugaya ukutya kukuphendula kakuhle. Ulwaphulo lwezilwanyana (ukuphilisa ngoncedo lwezilwanyana) lincoma ukusekwa kwebhokhwe ejongene nengozi yempembelelo, i-stenotic okanye i-cholelithiasis. Ubisi kunye nokunxibelelana nesilwanyana kungaphilisa ezi zifo.

Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweebhokhwe akude kunyanzelekile. Masikhumbule uRobinson. Ngeebhokhwe wayezele, egqoke kwaye enxibe, ukunxibelelana nabo baqhakambisa iminyaka emininzi kwedwala kwelinye ilizwe. Iebhokhwe yeebhokhwe ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuthi "inkomo yabampofu". Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubisi lweebhokhwe luxabisa kakhulu kunobisi beenkomo, ngaphandle koko alufumaneki ngokuthengiswa.

Isizwe esininzi

Iibhokhwe zingenye yezilwanyana zokuqala ezineenkonzo ezinde kumntu-iminyaka eyi-9000. Kukhokelo oluvelisayo luhlukaniswe ngamaqela ama-5: uboya, i-downy, inyama, ubisi kunye kunye (uboya, phantsi, inyama kunye nobisi). Kwilizwekazi ngalinye kukho abameleli besizwe esincinci seenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Emazantsi-mpuma ye-Asia, iibhokhwe zihlwayelwe inyama, ezintabeni zeAltai. EYurophu, ngokuyininzi kuzaliswa iibhokhwe zobisi. Aqulethe kuphela abantu kubisi kunye nemveliso yokupheka kuyo. Kukho iifama ezininzi zeebhokhwe ezibonelela ngezinto ezibonakalayo kwishishini lokutya. Kwabanye, ubuchule buzaliswa kweebhokhwe ezithengiswayo. Qhubeka Ukuzama ukuzalisa ukuphucula umgangatho wobisi kunye nomgaqo-siseko wezilwanyana, ukuzaliswa kwemveliso emitsha.

Cinga ngeentlobo zeebhokhwe zobisi - ezona zivelisa kwaye zilungele ukushisa kubanda, kungekhona iibhokhwe zase-Afrika ze-Nubian. Lawa yiZaanen, iToggenburg, Alpine (iSwitzerland, isiFrentshi, iBritish), iMegrelian neGrki yobisi lweebhokhwe. Isithunzi sommeleli ngamnye sihamba kunye nohlu lweempawu zangaphandle, uphawu lwesiphumo.

Zaanen Goats

Ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neyona nto ibonakalayo yohlobo lweebhokhwe zobisi - zanaen. Ilizwe labo liyiNtaba yaseZaanenthal eSwitzerland. Ukuzaliswa kobuhlanga ezintabeni ze- alpine meadows kunye nezulu elihle kakhulu lahlala iminyaka emininzi. Kwakuqala ukuboniswa eParis ngo-1856, phantsi kwegama lebhokhwe, i-Zaanen emhlophe ingenaso. Kancinci, uhlanga lwasasazeka kumazwe aseYurophu, apho lwalithunyelwa khona ukuphucula ubisi lweebhokhwe zasekhaya.

Kwili hlabathi ezi ziibhokhwe ezinkulu: intombikazi ohamba ngeenyawo ezinokuphakama kwi-75-80 cm (ngamanye ama-85), ubukhulu bayo buyi-60 kg (abanye abantu bangama-90 kg); Abenzi beebhokhwe ekuphakameni kwi-82-86 cm isisindo esisuka kwi-70 kg (i-100 kg). Iibhokhwe ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezi-3 kg, iibhokhwe - ezingaphezulu kwe-4 kg. Kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubunzima babo bufika kwi-10 kg kwiibhokhwe kunye ne-12 kg kwiibhokhwe. Iibhokhwe ezineminyaka eli-30 ubudala, iibhokhwe ezingama-35-40.

Ngaphandle kwebhokhwe yaseZayen

Ukubonakala - isampula yobisi lwebhokhwe. Umgaqo-siseko unxinene okanye unxilisayo, i-skeleton (skeleton) ichanekile kunye nezihlunu ezinokuthotyelwa. Isibindi esomeleleyo kwaye sinqabileyo, sihlanganiswe nge-awn ngaphandle kwe-undercat fluff. Intloko inomileyo, ophakathi, i-hummock, iindlebe zijoliswe phambili kwaye zincinane kumacala. Intamo ide, ngamanye amaxesha "ngamacici". Umzimba unzulu, ubude, bubanzi ngokwaneleyo. Imilenze inamandla, isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Iifolo ziluhlaza. Umbala umhlophe. Kwisikhumba seendlebe, udder, ngamanye amaxesha i-pigmentation emnyama njengamabala. Ukunikezelwa kakuhle kweebhola ezinobumba okanye oboyi-pear ezifakwe kakuhle.

Ukulungiswa kweentsuku ezingama-330 ngonyaka. Iibhokhwe ze-Yalovye zibanjelwa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka emininzi. Isivuno sama-600 okanye ngaphezulu kweelitha nganye nge-lactation kunye nomthamo we-fat of least 4%. Ingxelo e-3507 ilitha ayinakunqotshwa. Iibhokhwe zobisi kufuneka zigcinwe kude nomenzi weebhokhwe, ngaphandle koko ubisi luya kuluva lubi kunye novumba.

Iibhokhwe ze-Zaanen zininzi, zivuthiwe kwaye zinzima. Xa kungabikho isimbozo esondelelene kakhulu, iziganeko ezihamba phambili zidluliselwa kwinzala ngokupheleleyo.

Iibhokhwe zaseToggenburg

Ngekhulu le-18, iSwitzerland ngendlela yokukhethwa kukazwelonke yakha i-Toggenburg yeebhokhwe. Kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, ngenxa yokuwela le ntlobo kunye nabameli beemveliso zendawo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, i-Czech brown, i-Toggenburg ehloniphekileyo, iibhokhwe zaseBrithani zaseToggen zikhutshwa. E-Russia, iibhokhwe zaseTogenburg zangena kuqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ingaphandle yohlobo iphuma embala obomvu, kodwa kukho izilwanyana ezibonakalayo. Iibhokhwe zaseToggen ziqatshelwa ngumbonakaliso obomhlophe obonakalisiweyo: imivimbo emibili ehambelana nombhobho, umgca weendlebe ezijikelezileyo, umsila kunye nemilenze ukusuka kwimiba ukuya kwiihogo nayo imhlophe. Umgaqo-siseko unamandla kwaye uyomile, isiqu somgaqo-mgangatho ohambelana nokuphakama kwi-0.6 m. Intloko ephakamileyo entanyeni ende. Iprogram ethe tye. Iibhokhwe zaseToggenburg zixhambile, iibhokhwe zineempondo, kodwa zikho neephondo. Phindela emuva, udibanise imiphetho. Izitho zinobude obude, zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo, iinkumbi zizinzile kwaye zizinzile. Isigubha ngokubanzi, udder enkulu. Ingubo ilukhuni, ikhula ukuya kwi-20 cm emva nasemacaleni. Ubunzima bezinto eziveliswa ngabavelisi lifikelela kuma-70 kg, kwiijaji ukuya kwiikhilo ezingama-55.

Uhlobo lwe-Toggenburg lweebhokhwe luvuthiwe (ngokuqhelekileyo 2-3 kwenzalo yebhokhwe), kulula ukuhambelana nemibandela yasebusika kunye neentaba, ukhetha ukupholisa kunye nomthunzi ehlobo, kodwa kufuneke ukuba isondlo sokutya, apho intlaba yobisi ixhomekeke khona.

Ukulungelelanisa ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-300 ngonyaka. Ubisi kwiibhokhwe zokuqala ezingama-500 l, kunye neendawo zokulala ezilwanyana ezilandelayo zikhula ukuya ku-1000 l ngaphandle kokunciphisa umthamo ebusika. Ubisi kubisi ngu 3-4%. I-Cheese yongcamango.

Iibhokhwe zohlobo lwe-Alpine

Ukuzaliswa kwezilwanyana zale ntlobo kwaqala kwimimandla yeentaba yaseSwitzerland usebenzisa indlela yokukhethwa kukazwelonke. Emva koko ukhetho lwaqhubeka eFransi naseNgilandi. Kwakukho iibhokhwe zaseSwitzerland ze-alpine zithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye zawela ngeentlobo ezilungileyo zendawo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze "alpine"

Izilwanyana ezinkulu: xa uneminyaka engama-4 ubudala, ibhokhwe ebunzima ngokuphakama kwama-76 cm, ubunzima beekhilo ezili-61, ibhokhwe - 81 cm ne-77 kg. Intamo ide, intloko isomile ngeendlebe ezibukhali, iphrofayili ilungile. Kukho i-comola kunye namahoni. Ukuvelisa umlambo kunye nokuzala kuphezulu-kusuka kwi-1200 ukuya kwe-1600 ilitha yobisi ngonyaka kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokutya kunye neemeko ezilungileyo, eziliqela zeebhokhwe kwimvana. Ubisi buyamnandi, i-fat (ukuya ku-5.5%) kwaye isondlo (iiprotheyini 3%).

Iibhokhwe ze-Alpine zizithobekile ekudleni, zivumelane ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zezulu zezulu, zizimisele ukuba iinkokheli emhlambini (kufuneka ziqaphele ukuba zingabetheli abanye kwi-feeders), zilula, zinobuhlobo kumnini. Iintlobo zeembuzi zeebhokhwe zingenakunyuswa kwiindawo zeentaba - zinobubele kwaye zidibeneyo, zinyuka "zinyuka" kwaye ziya kudla apho apho inkomo ingaqhubi, kwaye ngokuhlwa baya kuzisa ubisi kumnini. Kakade, isivuno siya kuba ngaphantsi, kodwa oko kuncedo, okudalwe kwizityalo zemithi. Ezi iibhokhwe nazo zifanelekile ukuzinzisa.

Ukwahluka kombala

WaseSwitzerland, uhlakulele ukulima kweebhokhwe, ihlaya apho zonke iibhokhwe zithola "isipho esinezidibaniso" - abo bemibala bazalwa abantwana. Imibala yeklasi "yintamo emhlophe" - intloko ize ifike emkhatsini womzimba omhlophe, kunye nayo yonke imbala-emnyama okanye emnyama, okanye "intamo ebomvu" - emagxeni ekhanda entanyeni kunye nombala omnyama emva. Kukho i-motley (iimpawu ezimhlophe ezimnyama kunye nendawo efanayo), imdaka ngamanqaku amnyama, emdaka kunye nomtya omnyama kunye nomlenze kunye nemilenze emnyama. Kukho kwakhona iibhokhwe - ukusuka entloko ukuya emkhatsini we-trunk emnyama, uze ube nomsila omhlophe. Umbala omhlophe kakhulu kunye nomdaka wohlobo lwe-Alpine yeebhokhwe aluqwalaselwa - le nto iphawu lohlobo lweZaanen kunye neToggen.

Iintlobo zeAlpine

Iibhokhwe zaseFransi zaseFransi zinobisi, isithunzi esinikezwa kumfundi kwiintlambo ze-Alps zaseFransi ezivela kwiindawo ezilungileyo zendawo, ziwela ngapha nangama-Swiss wolfhounds. Ukutshintshwa kwiimeko zeentaba. I-suit iyahlukileyo-imhlophe, ibonakale, phantsi kombala we-chamois. Kukho neempondo kwaye ngaphandle kwazo. Umyinge wemveliso ukuya kuma-900 ilitha ukusuka kwi-lambing ukuya kwi-lambing. EFransi, abanye babamba inani leebhokhwe ezili-1. Umsebenzi wokhetho uqhutyelwa ukuphucula ukubunjwa kobisi kunye nokufaneleka kwezilwanyana kumatshini wokuloba.

Uhlobo lwe-Alpine yaseBrithani, oludla ngokuba yi-Black Toggenburg, lubhaliswe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka e-England. Iimpahla ezimnyama ezimhlophe ezimhlophe "amanqaku aseSwiss" - uhlamba umbhobho, uguba lweendlebe, "iisitokisi" emilenzeni, "podboyka" phantsi komsila. Iibhokhwe zide kwaye zincinci, intloko ende evulekileyo entanyeni enhle, iindlebe ezimileyo zijoliswe phambili. Ubisi bemihla ngemihla luvelisa ukuya kuma-4.5 ilitha.

Iifomo zobisi zobisi kwiRashiya

Ummeli ofanelekayo yibhokhwe yeGorky. Imbali yembonakalo yohlobo ayilungiswanga. Kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba ookhokho balo babengumbuzi waseRussia omhlophe weebhokhwe kunye nabasetyhini bezinye iintlanga, ezaziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kwiphondo laseNizhny Novgorod, ebizwa ngokuthi iGorkovskaya kumaxesha eSoviet, kungenxa yoko igama lohlobo lunikezelwa. Okwangoku, ezi bhokhwe ziqulethe inani labantu kunye neefama zabalimi abakhulayo kwiphondo laseNizhny Novgorod. Phakathi kweentlobo zaseRashiya zasekhaya zibhekwa njengento efanelekileyo kunye nokunyameleka kwabafaki baqhubeka nokuphuhliswa kwindlela yokuvelisa imveliso yobisi.

Ingaphandle yebhokhwe ye-Gorky ifana neZaenen, kodwa izilwanyana zincinci ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima: iibhokhwe zifike kwi-50 kg, iibhokhwe zikhulu-60 kunye neekhijithi ngaphezulu kwisisindo esibukhoma. Impawu yengubo emhlophe ngeentloko ezimfutshane kunye neengubo zangaphantsi - ukuya kwi-10% phantsi. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, uboya bubuxhakaxhaka obuhlukeneyo nobude. Ubuncwane buhle: ngokuqhelekileyo ibhokhwe izisa inkunzi e-2, kodwa kukho iimeko zeebhokhwe kwiintsana ezine-4-5.

Ukulungelelanisa ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-10 ngonyaka nge-denting ephakathi kweli li-500 ilitha. Ngokunyamekela kakuhle, ukuvunwa ubisi kufinyelela ku-1000 ilitha nangaphezulu. Emva kwebhokhwe yonyaka, ubisi lwemihla ngemihla lugcina umqulu owodwa, kwaye ngokucacileyo kwehla.

Ukususela kwiibhokhwe ufikelele kwi-250 grams nganye ngehektare, ibhokhwe ephezulu, esetyenziselwa ulusu lwekhredoni ephezulu.

Iimbuzi zeebhokhwe eziqhelekileyo ezihamba phambili, ixabiso layo, ukuthetha ngokungathethekiyo, kumnandi (inkunzi yeebhokhwe zenyanga iindleko ezingama-30 kunye namawaka akwi-ruble), kungekhona wonke umntu okhoyo. Abaqalayo banokucetyiswa: bathenge iibhokhwe ze-Gorky ezingabizi, ziguqulelwe kubanda, zingathobekanga ukutya, zihamba kakuhle kwaye zivelise kakuhle ubisi obucebileyo obukhulu.

IMegrelian ibhokhwe

Ngentshonalanga yeGeorgia, eMegrelia, iibhokhwe zobisi zaseMegrelian kunye neentaba zeentaba ziyazaliswa. Kwiindawo eziplaniweyo, abahlali beendawo zokuhlala bagcina uhlobo lokuqala kwi-leash nasezicini. Bondla ngokutya okutyala okutsalwa, inkunkuma kwizityalo nemifuno. Iibhokhwe zohlobo oluphantsi oluphantsi, ubunzima bemilinganiselo yamakhosikazi kwi-60 cm e-33-37 kg, iibhokhwe zinkulu kwaye zinzima - ngaphantsi kwama-50 kg. Kwiintsuku ezingama-200 zobisi ukusuka kwibhokhwe, ubisi unikezwa umyinge wama-300 ilitha yobisi, abanikazi beempepha banikwa 750 ngamnye. I-Fecundity encinci: i-20 kuphela kuma-100 engama-100 athathwe yinkwenkwe ezimbini, enye enye enye.

Iibhokhwe zeentaba zinkulu kunezihlobo zabo, kunye nomgaqo oqinileyo kunye nesigxina esinamandla, ngaphezulu. Ubukhulu beebhokhwe ukuya kwi-50 kg, iibhokhwe ukuya kwi-70 kg. Badla emadlelweni aphakamileyo aphakamileyo ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekwindla kamva, ngexesha lokubusika behla kwiintaba zeentaba zentaba, apho zigcinwa ngasemva. Ukuvelisa kumyinge ukususela kuma-200 ukuya kuma-250 ilitha ye-lactation ye-half-year. I-Fecundity encinci - abantwana abangama-110 abavela kwi-100kazikazi.

Iimpahla zeebhokhwe zaseMegrelian zimhlophe, zibomvu kwaye ziluhlaza. Ingubo emfutshane. Zonke izilwanyana ezineempondo eziphucukileyo eziphucukileyo ngendlela yoleta S enentloko ethile, enobumba obude.

Iibhokhwe zeMingrelian zichasene nezifo. Ukudluliselwa kwezi bhokhwe kwezinye iindawo kuza kuphucula ukunyamezela kunye nemveliso yeebhokhwe zentlalo.

Iibhokhwe ezizalisayo

Iibhokhwe zama-Adult pedigree kwisizwe ziyanzima ukuza kwaye ziya kufuneka zihlawulele kakhulu. Unokwenza enye indlela-ukhethe iibhokhwe kunye neebhokhwe ukusuka kubazali abazithobileyo kwiifama ezahlukeneyo, ukuzalisekisa umgaqo obaluleke kakhulu - ukuthintela iminqamlezo ehambelanayo. Yithembeke kakhulu ukuqhagamshelana nabalimi beebhokhwe ezihamba phambili. Ungakulibali umgaqo omdala omdala: ubiza kakhulu kwaye uhle, kwaye ungaphantsi - uyazi, "ukukhohlisa" akunakusebenza.

Hlola ibhokhwe-umenzi kunye nebhokhwe-umama - izibonakaliso ezihamba phambili kufuneka zichazwe ngokucacileyo. Amazwi omthengisi malunga nomkhiqizo ophezulu wesibeleko, jonga kwenzeni-makabeke ibhokhwe phambi kwakho. Zama ubisi ngongoma kunye novumba.

Abantwana abavela kwi-lambing, apho babekho ngaphezu kwabo babini, abafanelekanga. Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa kumenzi wexesha elizayo. Ibhokhwe kwisizwe kufuneka ibe ngumdlali. Hlola ukuphuhliswa kwe-genitalia yezingane.

Buza umthengisi indlela ukutya okunokwenzeka ngayo. Kubalulekile: ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini kweebhokhwe zobisi lweebhokhwe kufuneka kube yinto yokutya eyona nto. Ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kugwetywa ngesisindo, ukutya, ukubonakala, imeko yengubo kunye nejubane lezinto ezithengiswayo.

Kwaye ke abantwana bafika kwindawo yokuhlala isigxina. Eminye (ukuzalisa ngempumelelo) kuxhomekeke ekutyeni ngokufanelekileyo nokunyamekela izilwanyana.