Nqanawa yomgama. Zempi ye Russian Imperial Navy

Umkhumbi - wempi sisuka umthi kunye ukubana ukuya ku-6 kweetoni eziliwaka .. Kwakufuneka 135 ngemipu emacaleni, zimiswe ngokwemigca eziliqela, yaye ukuya izisebenzi 800. Ezi mpahla ziye zasetyenziswa edabini elwandle nokusetyenziswa ekuthiwa yomgama yokulwa amaqhinga kwiinkulungwane 17-19.

Imbonakalo Zempi

Igama "nqanawa yomgama" Yaziwa kakuhle ukususela ngexesha iinqanawa. Ngexesha ulwandle idabi mnogopalubniki emgceni ngokuhambelana eyodwa ukunika imvula lemipu kwi yotshaba. Yeyona umlilo ngaxeshanye bonke ngemipu kwi-ibhodi ngokwalo umonakalo elibalulekileyo yotshaba. Kungekudala, eli qhinga waziwa ngokuba kuluhlu lwedabi. Ulwakhiwo baneenqanawa umgca ngexesha amadabi elwandle kuqala esetyenziswa yi IsiNgesi kunye azinakulawuleka baseSpeyin ngenkulungwane ye-17.

Okhokho Zempi ezi galleons kunye kwezikhali esindayo, Carrack. Kwabonakala ke ukukhankanywa wokuqala kubo Europe ngenkulungwane ye-17. Ezi Zempi imifuziselo baba galleons kukhanya elifutshane kakhulu. Ezi mpawu wavumela ukuba ngamaqhinga ngokukhawuleza, oko kukulayinisha ecaleni yotshaba. Kwafuneka ukuba kwakhiwe ngendlela yokuba impumlo wenqanawa elilandelayo ngokuyimfuneko ku ukondla ezidlulileyo. Kutheni ungoyiki ukusa iinqanawa ibhodi phantsi uhlaselwa lutshaba? Kuba la macala iinkuni multilayer baba ukhuselo oluthembekileyo ethabathela ezinkozweni utshaba inqanawa.

Inkqubo lokuba Zempi

Kungekudala wabonakala mnogopalubny wempi ngomkhombe, nto leyo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-250, ibe yindlela enkulu ukulwa imfazwe elwandle. Inkqubela akemi ngxi, enkosi iindlela ezintsha yokubala kwezakhiwo kuye kwakho indlela ukugawula kumazibuko umpu kwezinye kwizangqa kwasekuqaleni yokwakha. Ngaloo ndlela, kungenzeka ukuba ukubala amandla inqanawa phambi kokuba iyaziswa. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwiiklasi:

1. Le endala kabini-ubuthwele. iinqanawa womntu ube ibekwe enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla. Bona kwenziwa imipu-50, zokudubula utshaba kwikroba ecaleni enqanaweni. Ezi craft ukuba babomelele ngokwaneleyo ukugcina komgca emfazweni, kwaye ubukhulu becala isetyenziswa nje ezikhaphayo gada.
2. iinqanawa kabini-kumgangatho Linear kunye inani lemipu 64 ukuya 90 zimele inxalenye ephambili yale izithuthi.
3. Emithathu okanye emine-iinqanawa kunye 98-144 yokulwa ngemipu, badlale indima ziintshatsheli. Fleet equlethe 10-25 ezinjalo iinqanawa akwazi ukulawula imigca zorhwebo xa kuthe amanyathelo yomkhosi ukubavimba ngenxa yotshaba.

Umahluko kwezinye Zempi

izixhobo Sesuka frigates kunye Zempi kwakuso - ithotywe ezintathu. Kwi nganye phambi iseyile square. Kodwa awahlali kunye umgca inqanawa le ezinye umahluko. Le yokuqala iye enye kuphela ibhetri evaliweyo, kukho izithuthi yomgama ezininzi. Ukongezelela, inani lemipu yokugqibela okungakumbi njengoko oku kusebenza ukuphakama bead. Kodwa frigates ngakumbi yalwa kwaye zisebenza nkqu emanzini.

Ukususela umkhumbi galleon umgca ngqo wahlukile. Ukongeza, lowo akanaso inqaba eziziingxande kwi zangasemva kwi isaphetha yangasese. Wempi galleon kunye ongamile isantya kwaye uphume, evela zokudubula edabini. Le yokugqibela sifanelekile ngakumbi ukulwa esinaleni. Ukongeza, ukuba adla ngokusetyenziswa ukuthutha amajoni kunye nezinto.

Imbonakalo Zempi e Russia

Phambi kokuba wobukumkani uPetros andizange ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo eRashiya. Umgca wokuqala Russian inqanawa obizwa ngokuba "Goto ngaphambili". Ngu eko kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwi-Russian Imperial lwaphela ukuba 36 iimpahla ezinjalo. Ekuqalekeni kwaba epheleleyo ikopi imifuziselo Western, kodwa ekupheleni wokulawula Peter I, iinqanawa yomgama Russian baqalisa ukuba imisebenzi yayo eyahlukileyo. Baba emfutshane kakhulu, waba shrinkage encinane, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi seaworthiness. Ezi iinqanawa afaneleka kahle kakhulu iimeko loLwandle Azov; kwandule kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ngqo inxaxheba kuyilo nolwakhiwo umlawuli ngokwakhe. igama layo - i-Russian Imperial Navy babenxiba ubenesinqanawa ne-Russia-Oktobha 22, 1721 ngo-Aprili 16, 1917. Amagosa Naval sikhonze kuphela abantu nabakhulu oomatiloshe ngeenqanawa - kufunyanwe abanye abantu abaninzi. Ubomi wenkonzo waseManzini kwabo ubomi.

Inqanawa "Zazilishumi Apostles"

"12 Apostles" yasekwa ngo-1838 yaye yaqaliswa ngo-1841 kwisixeko Mykolayiv. Yinto emkhombeni sekhe 120 ababekhwele kuyo. Xa iyonke bekukho 3 isitya ubenesinqanawa Russian yale hlobo. Ezi iinqanawa yayiphawuleka hayi kuphela ubuhle bayo nobuhle ifomu, akwabakho lingana emfazweni phakathi sailboats. Inqanawa "12 Abapostile" yaba inxalenye yokuqala Russian Imperial Navy, nto leyo yaba kwezikhali omtsha paixhans umpu.

bayahlelwa inqanawa yaba kangangokuba wayengasakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na zedabi Black Sea Fleet. Umzimba wakhe wahlala kwanasemva ezingekawafumani naziphi mingxuma. Kodwa le nqanawa yaba iziko loqeqesho imodeli, ithi iqinisekise ukhuseleko iinqaba Russian zibhuqwe neenqaba kwi West eCaucasus. Ukongeza, inqanawa ukwenza nokuthuthwa imikhosi nelizwe baya uhambo olude iinyanga 3-4. Kamva, isitya nezikhukhula.

Izizathu Zempi ezilahlekileyo ukubaluleka kwabo

Indawo iinqanawa yamaplanga selayini engangempi engundoqo yolwandle, izanyazanyiswa ngenxa kuphuhliso zokudubula. lula guns Ukuqhushumbiswa elangena iinkuni Ziyaqhubeka ibhodi abotshwe kunye ngumgubo evakalala, ngaloo ndlela zenze umonakalo omkhulu kwisithuthi kwaye ibangele nemililo. Ukuba phambi kokuba zokudubula zange ukumela isoyikiso olukhulu nenqanawa nqanawa, le imipu iziqhushumbisi akwazi ukuqala kwi emazantsi Zempi Russian kuphela nje ezimbalwa kweshumi hits. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwakukho umbuzo malunga ukhuseleko izakhiwo ezenziwe isikrweqe ngentsimbi.

Ngowe-1848, wenza bendiza Screw kunye iinjini umphunga enamandla kakhulu, sailboats yeplanga kangangokuba waqalisa ukuba balishiye iqonga. Eminye iinqanawa ezo refitted kwaye baxhotyiswe kunye neeyunithi umphunga. Kwakhona, iinqanawa ezinkulu eziliqela kunye iiseyile akhululwa, lo mkhwa ebizwa yomgama.

Zempi ye Russian Imperial Navy

Ngowe-1907, udidi olutsha iinqanawa, eRashiya zibizwa yomgama, okanye anegama - Zempi. Oku iinqanawa zokudubula vehicles. ukubana yabo 20 ukuya kuma-65 amawaka. okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Xa sithelekisa iinqanawa yomgama kwinkulungwane ye-18 kunye Zempi, le yokugqibela kufuneka ubude ukusuka 150 ukuya kuma-250 m. On iingalo babe ukuvuleka weapon ukusuka mm 280 ukuya 460. Eli qela lo wempi - ukususela 1500 ukuya kubantu 2800. Basebenzisa umkhombe, ukuba atshabalalise ezintshabeni nokwakhiwa imikhosi yamajoni kunye nenkxaso zokudubula imisebenzi emhlabeni. igama bakhe banikwa iinqanawa nje kuphela xa kukhunjulwa imigca zeenqanawa, njengoko ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ukuvuselela kumgca ngamaqhinga edabini.