Uphakamo Decembrist e Yeengwevu Square

Le mvukelo e Yeengwevu Square yaba sisiphumo ukungena kulo eYurophu kwiingcamango zemfundo Russian. nkqubo zinkuni kurhulumente tsarist nangakumbi kwavela phakathi inxalenye yokucinga yoluntu luzobe ifilosofi. Emva kokuba imfazwe ka 1812 uqoqosho lwesizwe eRussia ngazo kuzwelonke. Noko ke, urhulumente iminyaka eliqela emva kwemfazwe yaye andizange ndinikhathaze ukuze enze utshintsho oluyimfuneko ukuze aququzelele ukuthathwa kwenxaxheba luluntu jikelele. Ngenxa yoko, ilizwe lonke rose kwimvukelo kulogo ethandwayo. Ingakumbi bavame walamba kwiminyaka 1820-1822. Imfuno ephambili abalimi yaba ukupheliswa serfdom - amazwi ngexesha feudal, kudala yanyamalala eNtshona Yurophu. Kwakukho iingxaki ezibuhlungu emkhosini. abantu ingakumbi ethiyiwe waba umkomishinala imo Alexander I kule ndawo A. Count Arakcheev. umsebenzi wakhe ekudalweni ekuthiwa zokuhlala zomkhosi, apho amajoni ngokwabo kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze emasimini kunye nokubonelela iimfuno zabo, singalibalanga malunga uqeqesho lwasemkhosini, wadibana nokumelana komsindo ukusuka yokugqibela. Olungumbandezeli wobukumkani of Alexander I zange kubangela usizi nabanumzana silinene, kunye kwangulamntu inzala jonga imizekelo yentando kunye yotshintsho kuluntu eYurophu. Enyanisweni, kwaba asebukhosini, waza walungisa yi kwimvukelo kwi Yeengwevu Square.

mibutho ifihlakeleyo

Kule minyaka ilishumi yesibini kwinkulungwane XIX ku imvelo basebukhosini zobunene ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ukuqonda ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo yokuchasa ulawulo lorhulumente tsarist ophazamisa uphuhliso elizweni nenika osemva yayo kumazwe phambili eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Ngo-1816 kwakukho uluntu lokuqala imfihlelo, ebizwa "ukugcina Union." Kwakufuneka amalungu malunga-30, phantse bonke bephela amagosa omkhosi uselula. Eyona njongo iphambili kuluntu mthethweni baqalisa ukupheliswa serfdom kunye nokususwa kwe-lobuzwilakhe tsarist kweli lizwe. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, i yelenqe wayibhenca ngurhulumente. Emva imibutho efanayo baba "Union of ntle," yaye wabonakala ngenxa yokwahlulahlula yayo "Southern Society" yaye "Northern Society". Ezi iiklabhu emfihlekweni ekwabelwana iinjongo jikelele, kodwa baneembono ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ukufikelela kuzo kunye kwilungiselelo ezilandelayo lolawulo-sobummandla kunye nezopolitiko Russia. Noko ke, ukufa ngequbuliso loo nguzwilakhe kwenza abo babemenzele iyelenqe ukuya kwisigqibo esifanayo ngoNovemba 1925: kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngaphandle kokulibazisa, njengokuba ekuqaleni njengoko kulo nyaka - 1825. Olu qhankqalazo e Yeengwevu Square iye yaphuhliswa kwiiveki nje ezimbini.

mdibi akuphumelelanga

Isifungo entsha Tsar Nicholas I ezicwangciselwe-14 Disemba. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla, abavukeli amisiweyo mvukelo abo Yeengwevu Square. Iziganeko ezenzeka ngentsasa isifungo yasebukhosini. Butho, ikhokelwa amagosa lokuphikiswa ku lawula eNdlu yeeNgwevu uze wenze isigqibo endaweni isifungo sasebukhosini ukuvakalisa ukuba urhulumente tsarist yabhukuqwayo. Emva koko, i-nxaxheba kwimvukelo kwi Yeengwevu Square wayecebe ukuba yokubhengeza Manifesto kubo bonke abantu Russian malunga revolution wayo. Kodwa ukungahambisalani banal nazigqibo kwakhokelela ekuweni zonke izicwangciso. Ngelo xesha kanye libalulekileyo, kwaye kwacaca ukuba Nicholas I sele ekuseni ukuthatha isifungo iNdlu Yeengwevu. Imeko ayesenako ukugcina inyathelo le Decembrists. Nangona kunjalo, lo mzuzu lubalulekileyo yinkokeli oyintloko yamajoni mvukelo Troubetzkoy babengezi isikwere, eshiya abalandeli bakhe ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Le kokuthandabuza wanika urhulumente ithuba kakuhle le meko, ukuqokelela imikhosi yamajoni, abo babemenzele iyelenqe asirhawule Abatyumze imvukelo kwi iNdlu Yeengwevu Square.