Ookumkani abakhulu Armenian

Nakule waseArmenia bobabini amaxesha nempumelelo kunye nemfundo yoBukhosi Great kunye neminyaka igunya phantsi kwabalawuli kwamanye amazwe. ookumkani Great Armenian Artashes mna Tigran Veliky, Trdat mna, Arshak noTata ziye malivakale ngenxa yegalelo lazo kule umbutho Armenian ukwimeko etyebileyo kwaye ziphuhliswe kakhulu, kwakunye nengxelo kwamandla lamaKristu kweli lizwe.

Eli nqaku ibalisa amakhosi ezininzi Armenian nabalawuli ngemvelaphi Byzantium Armenian.

History of Armenia

Armenia - ummandla kurhulumente, yaye phakathi lweCaspian kunye Black Seas. Imbali karhulumente Armenian unamalunga 2.5 amawaka. Iminyaka, nangona luqale ubuyele ixesha lokuwa Urartu nakuma-Asiriya, xa kwakukho ubukumkani Armagh, Shubra (12. BC. E.), yaye kamva waba zamaSkitiya-Armenian.

Izizwe yamandulo Armenia weza kule ndawo evela ngeeBalkans, yaye kamva kwinkulungwane 7. BC. e. aphaphazele (igama yamandulo Armenia) ebesebenzisa ummandla yaseMzantsi Caucasus, kwemilinganiselo ubukumkani Urartu, kwaye ingxenye nabantu basekuhlaleni.

In ngenkulungwane yesi-6. BC. e. bathe bakuyila njengombuso ozimeleyo, ngoko kwakukho ixesha ngaphantsi yakhe ukuguqula Asiriya, amaMedi ubukumkani, namaPersi, Aram, Aleksandru Makedonskomu. iminyaka 200 BC. e. Armenia waphila njengenxalenye ubukumkani kaSeleucus, ngoko kwakhona yaba elizimeleyo. State liqulethe Omkhulu kunye Little Armenia. Ngokutsho uphando ngembali kuqala ukumkani Armenian of Great Armenia Artashes ndathatha kwetrone 189 BC. e. waza waba owaseka Artashesids ubukhosi.

Ngowe-70 BC. e. 2 zokutshekishwa emanyeneyo bengatshatanga. Ukususela 63 AD kumazwe Armenian baba ilawulwe uBukhosi baseRoma, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-3 apha sinwenwile unqulo lwamaKristu. Emva kwenkulungwane 4 Great Armenia waba abaxhomekeke iPersi, uze emva koko 869 yafumana inkululeko kwakhona.

Ukususela ku 1080, kwezinye iindawo kuwa phantsi kwegunya yamaGrike, abanye kumka Turkey. Ngowe-1828, njengoko inxalenye esemntla Armenia wajoyina yoBukhosi baseRashiya, ngoko ngo-1878 yadibana inxalenye Kars kunye Batumi.

ubukhosi yaMandulo ookumkani Armenian

Enye yezinto ezininzi mandulo ookumkani ababelawula Armenia ozibiza kwetrone yookumkani Achaemenid Ndakugqala neerhuluneli zabo.

Le ubukhosi odumileyo ookumkani Armenian:

• Ervandids - leliya lizwe kwixesha ukususela kwiminyaka 401 ukuya 200. BC. e, ukuba litshitshiswe kaSeleucus: Yervand I and II, Kodoman Yervand II (re). Mihran Yervand III, Artavasdes Yervand IV.
• Okulandelayo ukuze ngokulandelelana - ookumkani indlu Sophene kwavela emva kokoyiswa kunye nomanyano zamazwe Armenian e Armavir ngaphansi Sofena kunye eyinkunzi (kwi zaseArarati Valley). Ke kwalawula, kuthabathela 260 BC. e. de '95 Uluhlu wookumkani Armenian ubukhosi ngokwayo, Arsham, uAsuwerosi, Zareh, Mitroborzan I (Artran) Ervand V. koko Sophene yoyiswa Tigran Enkulu, kwaye liqhagamshelene Armenia Omkhulu.
• Lobukhosi idumileyo nembali Artashesids leliya lizwe ukususela 189 BC. e. yaye ukuya kunyaka 1 n. e. - a ezaziwayo-kakuhle ookumkani Artashes I, Tigran I and II Tigran Great Artavasdes I no II, kunye nabanye.
• Arshakids Dynasty (51-427 GG.), Umseki leyo Tiridates Mna, umzalwana yokumkani Parthian Vologeza I. Ekupheleni ulawulo yabo ekutshatyalalisweni umbuso yi amaPersi, ngoko kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi Armenia waqalisa ukulawula ookumkani amisiweyo ngamandla Persian (marzban) kunye Byzantium ( Curopalates) kunye ostikany neenkokheli Arabhu.

Ookumkani Empire Great Armenian

Eyona idumileyo - ukulandelana ookumkani Artashesids Great eArmenia, oqale zomthetho 189 BC. e. Artashes Armenian ukumkani Ndafika itrone Great Armenia emva ukuvakaliswa kaSeleucus ngukumkani kwakhe uAntiochus III. Artashes Artashesids yaba ngunozala lobukhosi waza waba odumileyo njenge wenguquko owaziwayo umnqobi. Yena unamandla okumdambisa bonke abemi Armenia yasethafeni Armenian kwaye kwezinye iindawo ezikufuphi. Ngaloo ndlela Great Armenia ngokukhawuleza ukwandisa intsimi yabo waceba ngexesha lemfazwe.

Isixeko wokuqala Artashat yakhiwa phezu kodonga lasekhohlo le Arax River ngo-166 BC. e., ukuba capital chaza Ndachukumiseka. Ngokutsho legend ephakathi Artashes I saba kubuyiselo ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni, lwahlule phakathi kumazwe yobukumkani, kamasipala kunye nawoluNtu.

imikhankaso Military yale ukumkani yimpumelelo yaye wanceda ukwandisa kummandla Great Armenia. Wathi ke ukumkani wenza uhambo kuzo zonke iindlela, ngokuthe ngcembe uboyisa zonke mmandla angabamelwane. Enye maphulo kakhulu yodumo xa Artashes wazama ukuba zifake imeko lamaGrike yakuMbindi Mpuma, kodwa ngoncedo i-Asia ahlala ezizimeleyo. Ixesha wobukumkani bakhe kwiminyaka eyi-30 de kwasekufeni kwakhe.

Emva kokufa konyana wakhe Artashes, tsar Armenian Tigran I, wahlala phezu kwetrone 160 BC. e. Aziwa ngokuba wazimanya ukulwa kurhulumente Parthian. Ixesha yemfazwe phakathi neArmenia kunye Parthians kwaba kakhulu elide - phantse iminyaka eyi-65. Armenia waba ngukumkani olandelayo Artavazd Mna, umzukulwana Artashes. Kwaye kuphela ngo-95 BC. e. ukumkani umzalwana wakhe (njengoko kweminye imithombo, unyana), apho kamva wafumana igama Tigran Veliky.

King Tigran Veliky

Tigran II wazalwa ngo-140 BC. e. nolutsha yakhe wachitha njengebanjwa kwinkundla kaKumkani Mithridates II, lowo wamthabatha naye ngokoyiswa umkhosi Armenian. Xa ndaba Kwaya ukufa Armenian ukumkani Artavazd mna, Tigran ndakwazi ukuthenga inkululeko yakhe, endaweni yokumnika indawo enkulu yomhlaba kummandla सुटणें ugwetyelo.

King Armenian Tigran Veliky wahlala ngamandla iminyaka engama-40, apho Armenia wenze amandla engakholelekiyo ngaphambili waseRoma. wobukumkani bakhe yaqala kwixesha elilungileyo xa amandla yaseRoma waca kummandla Evpatoria uKumkani Mithridates (ukumkani ezikwelasePonto), owaba nako ukukhusela ngenxa ngokwayo yonke Sea Black.

Tigran wazeka intombi Mitridata Cleopatra. nkqubo bakhe bezinye yonke lwalujoliswe iphulo isikali zomkhosi wokulwa amaRoma ekuqaleni (ngenkxaso Mithridates ezikwelasePonto), kunye isiphumo ukuba akwazi ukubuyela ukunika ilizwe ukoyisa eAsiriya, Edessa kunye neminye imimandla ezihlonyelwe ezweni kumantla eMesopotamiya.

Ngowe-83 BC. e. umkhosi Armenian kwi Ngokuququzelela nabanumzana Aram kunye nabarhwebi iSiriya, wayithimba olungaseKiliki eFenike ukuya kumantla ePalestina. Subjugating amaphondo kunye satrapies 120, waqala kunqula uKumkani wookumkani kunye zaphezulu, ukhupha iingqekembe zesiliva, ezibe ezona (Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali begqibile) phakathi kwabafudusiweyo bonke eSwitzerland ookumkani Armenian (bona ifoto. Ngezantsi).

iingqekembe kubalwa Antiyokwe eDamasko, kuboniswe Tigrana Velikogo star-5-ocacileyo waza tiare kunye iinkozi. Kamva, wakha kanye Mint zakhe. Walawula Syria kangangeminyaka eli-14, i-Armenian uKumkani Tigran II Omkhulu wanceda kwimvuselelo yabo yezoqoqosho, wayezizuzisa ilizwe uxolo nendyebo.

Ngexesha le minyaka, amandla akhe esizigubungeleyo indawo enkulukazi, ukususela kuLwandle lweCaspian ukuya kuthi xhaxhe, ukususela eMesopotamiya ukuya Pontic Alps. Armenian Empire wayiyo yezopolitiko, yaye wahlawula ngamnye kwamazwe ezilawulwayo irhafu kuye, kodwa ukugcina imithetho yabo yaye le meko ubulawuli elizimeleyo.

Kweli xesha Armenia amele isakhiwo lwentlalo ngcembe ukuya izinto incipient of feudalism sakujika. Kulo mzekelo, umbutho clan edityaniswe ukusetyenziswa kwezi emigudwini khoboka, leyo babandakanywe namabanjwa athinjwe kwiindawo ezikufuphi ngexesha leemfazwe ezahlukeneyo.

Tigran Veliky waqala ukwakha ikomkhulu labo Tigranakert (namhlanje-olusemazantsi eTurkey), apho wakhawulwa nguye njengeziko yepolitiki neyoqoqosho kurhulumente, apho kuya kulawula ookumkani Armenian. Ukuze yokugcwalisa abantu umzi, wakhuthaza yokushiywa amaYuda, kwakunye nabahlali ngenkani yeqondo lawona maphondo eziphanzileyo baze kwanyanzeleka ukuba izixeko 12 eGrisi ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - inani lilonke abafudukayo kuqikelelwa kwi-300 lamawaka.

Noko ke, ngo-'72 ngenxa yokuba uyise Mithridates Tigran wangena imfazwe neRoma, leyo aphawula ukuqala kwakhe nokudilizwa koBukhosi eArmenia. I-Roman jikelele Lucullus babulala ukoyiswa kakhulu, ottorgnuv Syria nezaseFenike, bawungqinga kwikomkhulu mandulo Artaxata. Emva koko ngo-'66 kwafika umkhosi Parthian emfazweni, yaye ukumkani kwingxowa kumaRoma, benza uxolo ucaphula. Le engu-11, xa wayesele emdala abakhokhobayo, ukumkani Armenian waqhubeka kulawula ilizwe njengenkosi ekhonza ka eRoma.

King Artavasdes II

Artavazd waba ngukumkani ngowama-55 BC. e. kwaye yaba yeyona ofundileyo kunye nabakufundileyo. Lo kumkani wayesazi isiGrike, sasisaziwa ngokuba oyingcali uncwadi yaye babhala iintlekele kunye nemisebenzi zembali. union othembekileyo neRoma, Artavazd wathumela umkhosi 50000th ukuba ahlasele Parthians. Kodwa kamva kubandakanywa nabo kwi Union ngokunikela, unyana wodade wabo ngayo Orodes Parthian ukumkani.

Ke walawula ilizwe iminyaka engama-20 ukuba kudlule ngoxolo kunye nempumelelo. Noko ke, ukuthetha ecaleni abalawuli baseRoma kaMarko Antony kunye Cleopatra, yena owatyholwa umbuso. ukumkani Armenian Artavazd kunye nosapho lwakhe uMark Antony ukuzisa eentsontelo zombini uwafake zizisulu Cleopatra, owayezama nxaniso yabakungcangcazelisayo vyznat ubuncwane zazo indawo yokugcina eziqokelelweyo ookumkani Armenian. Yaye umkhosi Antony ngeli xesha inkunzi iidolophu Armenian bayonakalisa itempile yothixokazi Anahit. Ngaphandle kokwazi nantoni na, Cleopatra wayalela ukubulala ukumkani eArmenia, ngubani na entolongweni.

Arshakids Dynasty kunye ukuzalwa ubuKristu

Arshakids - lobukhosi, nabanegunya e eParti (Iran namhlanje) ngo-250-228 BC. e. Olu hlobo kweenkulungwane ezininzi yaba yasebukhosini, yena edibene iziganeko yembali yehlabathi. Le ukhokho lesebe Armenian yasebukhosini waba Tiridates (Trdat I), nto leyo wathabatha itrone Armenia ekupheleni kwenkulungwane 1. Lonke eli xesha, kuqhubeka ngonaphakade Roman-Persian Iimfazwe ungquzulwano.

Trdat I - inkosi yokuqala Armenia, lowo laqalisa ukholo lwamaKristu Armenian. In eminyaka 2-3. le nkolo isagquba kwimimandla ezingqonge Armenia. Ngenxa yoko, i-Apostolic Church of Antiyokwe likarhulumente kunye neziko mandulo Edessa eMesopotamiya negalelo ekusasazekeni kobuKristu, waza waba imibhalo ezithandwayo Bishop Tiyofilo and Marcus Aurelius, eshumayela ukholo lwamaKristu.

Elinye lamagama abaziwayo imbali, abantu owuthandayo Armenian kangangeenkulungwane: St. uGregory i Illuminator, aza abuya ukusuka eParti eArmenia ukuba bashumayele ukholo lwamaKristu apha. Ngenxa yokuba uyise wakhe usisibulala ukumkani Khosrow I (238 g), obelawula Armenia Trdat III Gregory waphosa entolongweni enqabeni kakumkani, apho kamva wachitha iminyaka eli-15.

Trdat I kamva bakhululwa of St. Gregory, Nguwo lowo umqondiso uxolelo waphilisa ugula kakhulu engqondweni kwaye christened kuyo, nabo bonke kwinkundla yakomkhulu. Ngo-302, i-Gregory i Illuminator waba ubhishophu yaye wonyulwa eyintloko yebandla Armenian zamaKristu.

Ngowe-359 iqala imfazwe Persian namaRoma, umphumo wayo uba ngokoyiswa waseRoma. Ngeli xesha etroneni Armenian walawula Arshak II (345-367 GG.), Ngubani wenza imfazwe iPersi, owayesakuba ekuqaleni kakhulu nempumelelo eArmenia, kodwa ke Persian ukumkani Shaluh ithumba inkohliso yaye yagqiba Arshak entolongweni, apho wafela khona.

Ngeli xesha, umfazi wakhe Parandzem ungqingwe amajoni ezintshabeni Artagers inqaba kunye nomkhosi 11-womelele. Emva amadabi elide, indlala kunye ubhubhane waqala, kuloo nqaba yawa, kunye Parandzem ukubulala, umngcatsha ngokumanga wahlukunyezwa yakhe.

Unyana wakhe, uTata wabuyela eArmenia aze abe ngukumkani Bulelani uMlawuli waseRoma Vagesu. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe (370-374 gg.) Ngaba ixesha yokwakha zokuhlala kutshatyalaliswa, ngokubuyiselwa amabandla kunye nokubeka ukuze imicimbi karhulumente. UKumkani Dad Armenian wakhokela amajoni iphumelele emfazweni Dziravskom yamaPersi wambuyisela uxolo eArmenia.

Balihlambulule ilizwe kubahlaseli bamanye amazwe, uKumkani uTata kakhulu inxaxheba ekubuyiselweni karhulumente, yena kuphela wabahlali yebandla uze usete ukuzimela kokuqala i-Armenian Catholic Church, wazomeleza umkhosi, achitha thile. Noko ke, uMlawuli waseRoma Vagesa ke esibenza ukuba itheko ezintle kwaphela, leyo meanly kusetyenzwa ngokuthanda uhlanga oselula Armenian.
Kwimbali wahlala njengenye wookumkani esebenzayo Armenian.

Emva kokufa Pope phezu kwetrone yookumkani ababenaye Varazdat (374-378), Arshak (378-389), Khosrow, Vramshapouh (389-417), Shapur (418-422), Artashes Ardashir (422-428).

Ngo-428 BC yamaPersi esaphethe Armenia - ngaloo ndlela laphela ixesha ubukhulu kunye nempumelelo nemeko Great eArmenia, apho ababelawulwa ookumkani abaziingangamsha Armenian.

Ukuwa Armenia Omkhulu kunye nokuhlaliswa of Armenia

Armenia baqalisa ukuhlala eseByzantium ukususela kwinkulungwane yesi-4, ngenxa imeko ezingazinzanga kweli lizwe, apho kwakukho ungquzulwano rhoqo abaxhobileyo kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Xa kwakukho ngokutshatyalaliswa gunya kunye ukwahlulwa Armenia Great phakathi Byzantium namaPersi, iinkosana ezininzi wabalekiselwa Byzantium, kunye neentsapho zabo kunye neeyunithi zomkhosi. Bafuna ukusebenzisa izakhono zabo yomkhosi neetalente kwinkonzo lolawulo.

Ngexesha le minyaka, kukho kunikwe kwakhona kwenkitha Armenia ukuya kuthi ga ngeeBalkans, aseSipro eKilikiya, North Afrika. Le nokuyinto ukuqesha amajoni kunye nonogada ngemvelaphi Armenian ku unogada kwibhotwe Amandla yaseByzantium sele likhona ixesha elide. Kuyancomeka mabutho Armenian kunye nezinye iiyunithi zomkhosi. Kwaye zafakwa nje kuphela elikomkhulu kodwa nakwezinye izixeko (ingakumbi eItali naseSisili).

ookumkani Armenian waseByzantium

Armenia abaninzi wayebambe izikhundla zomkhosi ngokomoya ezigcinwe imisebenzi lwenzululwazi, ukufundisa yoonongendi kunye neeyunivesithi. Nodumo baba amagcisa eyaziwa kunye nabayili. iingangamsha Armenian, ukuba inzala yokuzalwa yasebukhosini amandulo, ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka Byzantium kuhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, wangena ulwalamano kunye wabanumzana, indlu yakomkhulu.

Xa kwimbali Byzantium etroneni, ndatyelelwa abalawuli ngaphezu kwama-30 imvelaphi Armenian. Phakathi kwabo: Mauritius (582-602), uMlawuli uHeraclius I (610-641), Filippik Vardan (711-713), yiNgonyama Armenian (813-820), Vasiliy I Makedonyanin (867-886), Roman I Lakapin (920- 944), Ioann Tsimiskhy (969-976) kunye nabanye abaninzi.

ookumkani abaziingangamsha Armenian waseByzantium

Ngokweerekhodi zembali, kwiinkulungwane 11-12. ubuzwe Armenian waba 10-15% yabantu basebukhosini lokulawula eseByzantium, kodwa phakathi kookumkani kwinzala abalimi Armenian abaye baphumelela itrone ezahlukeneyo, akusoloko iindlela zobulungisa.

Eyona idumileyo ookumkani aseByzantium imvelaphi Armenian:

• UMlawuli uHeraclius I. zaye enxulumene Arshakids ubukhosi, waye esinesiphiwo italente emkhosini, ukwenza utshintsho kulawulo kunye nomkhosi, abuyisele amandla Byzantium, wenza isivumelwano zokuxhamla ngokufanayo Great Bulgaria kwi uncedo kwezoqoqosho emkhosini, uye uchithe ixesha elininzi imisebenzi zomkhosi ngexesha leMfazwe Iran-Byzantine babuyela eYerusalem, Indawo yayo engundoqo zamaKristu zomnqamlezo oyiNgcwele (ngaphambili yathinjwa ukumkani wasePersi).
• Filippik Vardan. Uthe amabango etroneni komlawuli, wathunyelwa kwisiqithi Kefalonia, ngoko Hersonissos, nto leyo eyakhokelela imvukelo kunye ngoncedo Khazars wayithimba eConstantinople waza waba ngumlawuli. Ngu kuqiniseka Monothelite ezakhokelela ichasane Church of Rome, wabethwa nabavukeli.
• YiNgonyama Armenian. Ngaba ukusuka uhlobo Artsruni, imikhosi kwakhokelela kwawona i kuhlaselwa eConstantinople Bulgarians, zabhukuqwa uBhishophu Nicephorus of eConstantinople (815) wabiza kwibhunga lecawa yasekuhlaleni, sivakalisa ukubuyela imithetho yecawa iconoclast in Hyeres. Yena wabulawa ebudeni inkonzo iKrismesi ngoDisemba 820
• Biography Vasiliya I Makedonyanina igophe elipheleleyo wekamva. Umlimi ngokuzalwa, wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe ekuthinjweni eBulgaria, ngoko wasabela eThrace. Emva ukufudukela eConstantinople, waba izitali ombuso, emhle imbonakalo yakhe kwatsala ingqalelo yoMlawuli Michael 3 waza waba obathandayo bakhe, yaye kamva watshata inkosikazi yakhe. Emva Ukungabikho enamandla komlawuli Basil zibe 866, waba intsebenziswano ibamba, uze ebulala umlawuli, ngo-867, wathabatha itrone nisekelwe indlu entsha. Phakathi iminikelo yakhe Byzantium. Systematization yaseByzantium komthetho, ubungakanani yomkhosi kunye nokwandiswa abanye bafa kwingozi xa kuzingela (886).

• Roman I Lakapin. Kwakhona yayivela abalimi Armenian, aguqulwa abe kobuOthodoki wonyuselwa ukuba eyiNtloko Imperial Navy, esebenzisa amandla lahlukile kunye nobuqili kubanjwa, koko wathatha intombi yakhe umlawuli baba "basileopator" (ubawo yokumkani), waza wathabatha kwetrone. imisebenzi yayo swi ekulweni begazi, umnini iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ngokuthanda strateia asakhulayo. Waba wayedume ngokuba inkosi ngamayelenqe itulo, kodwa ubunzima ezandleni iyelenqe - yoonyana bakhe, yena wabanjwa kwaye elubhacweni eMonastri, apho waba unyaka yaye bazibandakanya njengoko amabanjwa efanayo. Wafa 948, i
• Ioann Tsimiskhy. Weza kwintsapho unguwo Armenian yaye wayesisalamane lwangaphambili loMlawuli Nicephorus, abathatha inxaxheba lokubulala. Emva kokuba ukumkani Byzantium, bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zothando, ngokwakha izibhedlele nasekusasazeni impahla amahlwempu. Military kwiphulo lakhe kwenzeka empumalanga, yaba sisiphumo bebuyele Syria nezaseFenike phantsi kwamandla lamaByzantine. Yena wadliswa umlungiseleli wakhe wokuqala Lekapenom.

Yaka ookumkani ababelawula emva kokutshatyalaliswa Armenia Great

ookumkani Armenian Great - Artashes mna, Tiger II Enkulu - aba abalawuli Armenia ngexesha ngexesha layo nobutyebi. Emva 428 elandelwa ixesha xa ilizwe yayilawulwa iirhuluneli otyunjwe ngamanye amazwe. Kuyinto kuphela ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane 9 kwabasemagunyeni Armenian babuya ubukhosi:

• Bagratids (885-1045 gg.);
• Rubenids-hethumids-Lusignans (1080-1375).

Abameli yokuqala sodidi Bagratids prince, ukudibanisa kakhulu amandla abo RA (emva kwexesha usi Arab amandla) sentsimbi ookumkani Armenian Ashot I and II Iron Smbat I, Ashot III Sir Dear. Ummeli yokugqibela yale hlobo gagik II yathinjwa kwaye emva thethwano uBukhosi baseByzantium nethe ubukumkani.

ookumkani Armenian Rubenids Dynasty Ruben I, Constantine mna, Toros mna, Levon mna, Taurus II, Levon II, Isabella. Lobukhosi Rubenids-Hetumyan (Hethoum I, Levon III, Hethoum II, Taurus III, Smbat et al.) Ndahlukana kwi Levon V emva komtshato mezhdinasticheskogo, apho ngamandla wadlulela ukuba amakhosi kookumkani eSipro.

Lobukhosi Rubenids-Lusignan: Constantine III, IV, Levon VI, uKonstantin V, Levon VII. Ngo-1375, urhulumente yahlaselwa wayitshabalalisa imikhosi saseYiputa i Mamluks kunye Sultan of eIkoniyo, yaye uKumkani Levon VII umhlala-phantsi ukuya eMonastri eParis.