Umxholo wombongo kunye nohlalutyo "Monument" Lomonosov

Apho ukuqalisa uhlalutyo lwethu umbongo "Monument" Lomonosov? Enyanisweni, ngokwendlela isihloko, icandelo ngokuphila idlala indima ephambili kulo. Indlela ukuqalisa indlela abazi yobomi le yokuba abantu ezihle kakhulu?

Wasinda ebusuku ngo-1730 endlwini ngasese kuzo zonke izalamane ezinzulwini zobusuku mfo oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala ... Phambi kuye indlela amawaka eekhilomitha kude. Yena unxibe ibhatyi shabby, waphoswa phezu ngaphezulu ihempe yakhe. Le nangxowa yamphako kwendlela, ngaphandle Ngenxa yeqhekeza lesonka kunye ihempe lolaleliso, mascot layo de kuye ekupheleni kwemihla; akunikwe ummelwane Smotritsky igrama kunye nasekubaleni Magnitsky.

Ngubani na yena, umsebenzi oselula Lomonosov "Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo" leyo, wabhala kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe kamva, waphefumlela kwaye uyawakhuthaza ilungileyo kwiimbongi ze iLizwe loobawo? I wamazwe, owaqalisa kuloyisa Sciences kunye ukuguqula amaxwebhu ezingqina ungubani. Indlela Inethemba, ukuzibophelela kangakanani! Umbaxi, ukufunda imini nobusuku, kunye uyazidela ngesifo umxholo - idenariyo ngosuku. Umfana kunye nememori ibingummangaliso kwaye ke eyona IQ, kunyanzeleka ukuba baphile isandla emlonyeni, esidla kuphela kvass isonka ewe, kodwa awongi ephepheni namakhandlela ...

Name University - ikratshi iLizwe loobawo

Lomonosov ... "endiyimisileyo ilitye lesikhumbuzo ngaphandle ngezandla ..." - balandele kakuhle naye emva kweminyaka 90 ithi uAleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Recognition of the looBawo uMikhail Vasilyevich, umntu Iyamangalisa - kakhulu. -Nzulu Russian lokuqala - sisazinzulu-class ehlabathini; eyaziwayo lexicographer; umsunguli yesikolo yenzululwazi Russian, i ngeenkwenkwezi; indoda wazibeka iziseko komhlaba mihla Russian, ngokuma, mbali, imbongi ...

italente creative

igalelo lalo nokusekwa Lomonosov wabhala umbongo yesizwe Russian. "Monument" .... Uhlalutyo yalo mbongo utyhila yinxalenye kuphela italente yakhe enkulu. Noko ke, akazange nje ube isipho ngokupheleleyo zoncwadi. Lomonosov ziyafana ngokwenzululwazi kuphuhliso izindululo esakhiweni olusebenzayo samalunga zemibongo in Russian, ubuciko textbook wakhe waba umnyango ehlabathini kwimibongo ngenxa ziimbongi ezininzi ..

"Monument" Lomonosov - ivesi okhethekileyo. Yena - ozothileyo kwaye sublime, njengoko lumile, njengoko, ngokungathi kunjalo, igama lokubonga izibongo ophezulu. umsebenzi Wakhe - ukushwankathela esidlangalaleni iminyaka yomsebenzi zemibongo.

Umxholo wombongo "Monument" Lomonosov - ingxelo ngayo indima karhulumente zeNkcazo izibongo Russian, yaye - ukuzimisela zithini kwi versification. UMikhail waba umbexeshi yoncwadi lwamandulo Russian, iingxelo kuyo izwe, imigaqo, izithethe, ubuntu. Ubumi - yiloo Credo uncwadi othi Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Lo mbongo, zikuwe uhlalutyo utyhila charisma, abaqolileyo italente echaza umbhali wayo, i isenzeko olothusayo kwisihobe Russian.

Emva University ngeelwimi yinkqubela urhulumente jikelele

Lomonosov "idl 'nenkcubeko kwemithetho Horatian" Art of Isihobe ", ziphawulwe ukulungiswa versification Russian. In "lesikhumbuzo" imbongi ngothsuphe zakhe ezifihlakeleyo ngaphandle ngokwaphula isimbo Horatian, yamkele ukusungulwa kuluntu eRashiya phantsi woMlawuli Peter I.

mbono imveliso ngokwawo umisela umzekelo. Russia, ngokuba umsebenzi wayo yembali, ezinxulumene kunye neRoma yesiThathu. Ngoko ke, abakuthandayo oku, isampuli ye-Russian inkqubo impucuko uncwadi ukukhangela kuba kwimbali Rome yamandulo! Yiyo loo nto ibiya kuthetha ukuba Lomonosov ( "Monument").

Lo mbongo, ogama uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba kuthe watyhilelwa wembongi, ebonisa indima kweli lizwe yakhe ifanelwe ukuba ahlale imibongo phezulu.

Likwimo "Monument" Lomonosov - ivesi eziphefumlelweyo, umthombo ukuba - i ode ukuba imbongi naiizvestneyshego zebhola iincwadi lamaRoma Mangcu Horatius Flaccus. Ngenxa oku, umbhali uyakwazi ukuba ngokulungelelanisiweyo ukudibanisa imilinganiselo engunaphakade kunye nendlela Russian zophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, uluvo oluphambili translation - ukuveza indlela efanayo kuphuhliso loncwadi eRashiya neRoma.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi Lomonosov kaThixo "Monument" kwaye ode Horatian "To Melpomene"

UMikhail, alondolozwe ngenyameko original mthombo ixabiso zhiznestroitelnoy nobugcisa Manifesto, kwangaxeshanye kude anakreontiki wakhe, okt livusa xa kudunyiswe uvuyo ebomini. -Kolulodwa ezimbini iambic, phantse anemvano imigca, esebenzisa amagama ngabom - anachronisms Lomonosov ifumana ingcaciso, komthendeleko, ingcaciso eSwitzerland zeengcinga. Oda iyahluka imitha strofikoy oluzinzileyo ukumelana ezichaza nazyvaey kangaka "odic Canon". Kwaba emisiweyo ngokwenene.

iimeko Historical yendalo lo ode

Kwicala yethu, bekuya kuba akholosileyo ukuba ukukhumbula iimeko yezembali yalapho loo mbongo ubhalwe. E Eastern Yurophu ukuya kwi-40 yenkulungwane XVIII ngenxa Ushintsho Petra Velikogo wakha eyomeleleyo, ndawonye Russian uBukhosi, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo pan-yaseYurophu kwezopolitiko. Ukufeza iinguqulelo karhulumente enikiweyo ukoyisa backwardness kubugcisa nakuqoqosho lamazwe waseYurophu: i-Netherlands, eSweden, eJamani, France. ngabafo Russian, udidi sigqibo kwasekwa kwaye angenelelayo inkcubeko yaseYurophu. Vosled ukuba ukwakha isizwe, utshintsho lwenkqubo kwenziwa kwaye kwezobugcisa, kwiincwadi ethile.

Peter I okunene ikwazile ukuba usikhwezele kwaye ihlanganise nokudalwa kwilizwe enkulu ukuba tezisno echazwa ode yakhe "Monument" Lomonosov. Lo mbongo idlulisa iimpawu nentlonelo kakhulu loHlaziyo noMlawuli kuthi njengoko 'bulawula abantu. " Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ke wehla waya embalini njengokuba uPetros Omkhulu? Singasathethi into yokuqala Russian uMlawuli uMikhail sichaza umfanekiso wakhe, xa kuthelekiswa ne umlawuli waseRoma Davnusom.

Abahlaziyi Lomonosov izibongo, Horace. "Monument" - isithsaba umsebenzi wabo

Zombini imbongi: umbhali we "lesikhumbuzo" yoqobo kunye nombhali ugqithiselo lwakhe, kunye Horace, kunye Lomonosov - Abahlaziyi ezi nganye inkqubo kazwelonke versification. Horace igunya eka ukusebenzisa Alcaic kwisihobe Latin. Lomonosov - ukuqaliswa kwe-Russian syllabic-tonic versification Umgaqo, ukuphuhliswa imifuziselo izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zesingqisho imibongo Russian. Pushkin akazange azalwe okwangoku, kunye tetrameter iambic, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye imigaqo versification, sele ziphuhlisiwe. Ucinga ntoni? Umbuzo, Kakade, buciko ...

Njengoko wezakhiwo, ulwimi lweenkobe lwakhe, njengokuba ngeelwimi, Scientist, uMikhail ngokucwangcisiweyo iinguqu, kwaye eneneni - iye wadala inokusebenza ulwimi Russian.

Uluvo bacule of Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

kwamaqabane Okumangalisayo utshintshwano zoncwadi eRashiya, uMikhail Vasilyevich wenza, kunye nokucwangciswa imibongo yesiLatini Horace kwi age segolide iincwadi yamaRoma. Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa University umbongo "Monument" ekubeni kuye kwaziwa ukususela Renaissance, lo ode 30 Horatian ( «Exegi monumentum ...») iyakungqina oku.

phantsi kwembali njenge imbongi-engummi umdali yawo, ukuchaza philosophically indawo yayo kwimbali nakwimo. (Wabenzela lo ode waya isahlulo sesithathu "kwisihobe isayensi" wakhe umsebenzi eziphambili.) Iingongoma yakhe iphambili: imbongi sisondela iinjongo uyilo kwizikolo zikarhulumente, yaye urhulumente, ke, wamkela kuye ngenxa umfanekiso ekhethekileyo kwimibongo, ekhwaza esithi udumo lwakhe, bazenze.

Yintoni ngokwemfanelo Horace ehlabathini kwimibongo? Horace, le ndoda "owazenza 'umdali nenzululwazi sobugcisa kwimibongo, wayesazi ukuba kwihlabathi," kukho iindawo, hayi eqingqiweyo ngamatye. " Ukuba ookumkani kunye ngoofaro phambili ngokwabo izakhiwo cyclopean, imbongi - inkosi lomculo kudala kwinkumbulo yayo 'iisimboli ukungafi "ngokomoya - imisebenzi yabo. Le misebenzi lixesha, ochukumisa imiphefumlo yabantu kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo, eyiphakamisayo iingcinga kunye nemibutho. Ngenxa yoko, igama imbongi akuthethi ukuya zisabonakala. Le ngcamango ingumRoma omkhulu Kwandile zibhengezwe ode yakhe "To Melpomene".

Loo Horatian, kodwa kuhlenga ngenxa ezichaphazela Russian, iimbono malunga yemibongo wasibeka umsebenzi wakhe 'Monument "Lomonosov. Lo mbongo ukuze kakuhle epigraph «Sapere dize» ( «wenze isigqibo sakho yokuthenga ubulumko"). Umbono Vasilyevich Mikhailov iindlela zophuhliso iincwadi Russian phantse ehambelana Horatian. Kwaye oku nangona i Lomonosov kunye Horace kwabelwane elinesihlanu lamakhulu eminyaka!)

Imbali kwi izitanza ka Horace iye yavulwa ...

Noko ke, kwiminyaka 250 phambi kokuzalwa Lomonosov Italian Imbongi Francesco Petrarca, owaziwayo yamaKatolika ye Italian Renaissance era, sele wadala, nazo impembelelo Horace, imibongo yakhe (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Eyona ithandwayo ilifa lokudala kwiimbongi baseRoma baseYurophu, kwakunye uMikhail Vasilyevich yaba Incwadi yesithathu Horatian "Science of Isihobe", nto leyo iqulethe nje ode "Ku Melpomene".

Lomonosov - umsunguli yesiko goratsionskoy boncwadi

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Monument" University ivolyum amashumi amaxesha obungaphezu ubungakanani mbongo. It is a elifutshane, kodwa capacious kakhulu. Sekunjalo, lo mbongo ka uMikhail kufutshane xa umoya lo ode odumileyo "Ku Melpomene" Mangcu Horatius Flaccus.

Yenza i inguqulelo yokuqala imisebenzi baseRoma, ukunxulumana ngokwayo kunye namanye, lo gama ebonisa igalelo lakhe ukuze le ncwadi ... Le isithethe Horatian zemibongo ukudalile oko Lomonosov. ilungelo Yokuziphatha ukuba baqhubeke ezimbalwa yaba imbongi Russian Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Sele XVIII - ngenkulungwane XIX, wadala yonke oqingqiweyo Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Loluphi uhlobo trend kunokubonwa inguqu kwiYunivesithi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin lesikhumbuzo? umsebenzi Lomonosov kaThixo ngokusesikweni - Roman kunye Pushkin wathetha kuphela "malunga laseRashiya enkulu." Mhlawumbi kuphela Alexander Sergeevichem imveliso yangaphakathi logic igcinwe, yaye ubizwa Alexandria intsika njenge uthelekiso.

Elimisiweyo ode

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Monument" Lomonosov ngokusesikweni nokujikwa ukuba yokubhengezwa Horace impumelelo zabo kwisihobe, obonwa yi yoluntu waseRoma yaye urhulumente. Them balandele kakuhle emva kokuba wamaRoma enkulu, izintlu kunye uMikhail. Noko ke, siphawula ukuba Lomonosov ayikho umabhalana - extra. ukuziqambela nje kokufaneleka sengigqi lomonosovkogo enkulu uBukhosi baseRoma phambi obungunaphakade Nokubuyiselwa kokubona kwabaziimfama belandela zabo. Ukuziqambela le ingcamango uMikhail ukuba usebenzisa uthelekiso yena kunye Horace, naseRashiya neRoma, uxelele uluntu jikelele malunga eziphunyeziweyo umsebenzi wakhe. Yena ngokwakhe sinabo efanayo lieraturoy yakhe Horatian! Ngenxa yoko, phantse zonke ivesi wabhala ezaqanjwa yakhe enxulumene sele ne-Russia kunye umntu.

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa umbongo "Monument" Lomonosov ebhalwe ode waya uhlobo, ithi elimisiweyo nebudnichnost kwitekisi - iimpawu uphawu lo ode. Ezi ndinyana ibonisa ukufunda kwelo chiza luluntu.

project Lomonosov iincwadi Russian njenge "uphawu ukungafi"

Xa ode intshayelelo uMikhail ubhala malunga kwendalo enkondlo "umqondiso ukungafi." Kuthetha ntoni oku kuthetha ngokunxulumene ubuhle bayo yoncwadi, igalelo onjalo ubugcisa Horace?

Enyanisweni, malunga uyabulawa mission udale i ulwimi wayalela Russian kunye nenkqubo yayo isimbo esikhethekileyo, imigaqo versification iyavisisana, iintlobo liphuhlise inkqubo ecacileyo, bezise zonke yona isimboli - umqondiso uthi Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Uhlalutyo yokubaluleka zokuhlala eli galelo reeks slovestnosti ityhila ukubalasela classicism Russian. Mu kuya kwa nshita classicism yaseYurophu, Russian kwinkulungwane XVIII iye wayama kuphuhliso isithethe boncwadi zasekhaya. Kodwa Lomonosov saphuhliswa yi-odolo yayo. Oko kukuthi, wabulela uMikhail Vasilievich, kwinkulungwane XVIII Russian uncwadi ithiyori ngaphambi practice yakhe.

Le mbongi awufi kwilizwe lakhe

Nantsi i "uphawu obungunaphakade" enjalo ngokwenene - inkqubo egqibeleleyo versification banikwa zonke iimbongi - neendlalifa zakhe Lomonosov. Ngapha koko, ulwimi enkulu Russian ngaphandle kwexesha na. Oku kukugxininisa le mbongi - nzulu libhekisela uphawu ezaziwa kanaphakade - iiphiramidi. Artwork Lomonosov "Monument" uthi bayahlelwa imbongi - ummi ubotshiwe ubuhlobo waka kunye kwilizwe lawo, nayo ezingenakwahlulwa nalo. Yena, efana edume Antaeus, ukuba amandla evela kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. ubuchule High ungenakuxhomekeka kurhulumente kwaye kufuneka akuhambise, utsho uMikhail.

Yintoni ubuntu efanayo University Horace?

Njengokuba lulandelayo kwiYunivesithi iinkumbulo abasebenza umbongo "Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo", yena, njengoko imbongi, siphengulule umxholo ode Horatian, eye wabhekana uhlobo oomoya ezihlobene ne Horace. Kanye imbongi ongumRoma, uMikhail waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe kwezakhi kwelingaphantsi zentlalo. Xa umsebenzi zombini imbongi waziva ngabemi isikhundla liphezulu. Bobabini ngokwemvelo zabo yomsebenzi kunye namava abo versification - luncedo kwezinye iimbongi.

Ukufumana Ukuqonda kumnombo Lomonosov kaThixo "Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo", nto leyo ngokusesikweni livela ebusweni yimbongi yaseRoma kaThixo, ngokwenene azive ipheze ne-Russia yenkulungwane XVIII, imibongo yayo.

umsebenzi University waqhubeka iimbongi

Yena, njengo Horace, ngaphandle titsongahata lobuxoki nangengqwalasela yendebe negalelo uncwadi kwabalandelayo, ie, ikamva inkqubo boncwadi. uyabona yena - umsebenzi wakhe uya kuba imfuno ngamaxesha onke, impumelelo yakhe uyicacisile imiyalelo ephambili yophuhliso yesihobe, nto leyo eza ekugqibeleni kuqhubeka kubalandeli. Ngoko ke, Lomonosov, balandele kakuhle emva kokuba wamaRoma enkulu, owesibini "musa ndife ..." Yena, emva Horace, sibopha uzuko kwayo uzuko karhulumente. Kulo mbongo Lomonosov isebenzisa igama elithi "Rome", nangona phantsi umfundi astute ukuba ubona "Russia".

isiphelo

Uhlalutyo ivesi "Monument" iYunivesithi uthatha ukuba ixesha xa izibongo Russian classical kwi kwisigaba formative. Kuye okwangoku zinokuhonjiswa Galaxy neembongi okhanyayo kwinkulungwane XIX: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Thina bangevanga nto kuyo amazwi abo entliziyweni, ubiza abantu ukulunga, nobulungisa, nokuthobeka ...

Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba kumnyele Russian igolide neembongi kuyo wafumana isipho esixabisekileyo esivela kwiYunivesithi - ithiyori obanzi mpendulo yaye liphuhlise imithetho imbongi-ngumphengululi versification. Pushkin kaThixo tetrameter iambic lwasungulwa kwelebhu ezinobuchule uMikhail Vasilyevich.

University igalelo ambiwa gqitha kwisihobe Russian usibonisa nje thina kumbongo wakhe "Monument".