Umsebenzi wezesayensi weLomonosov

UMikhail V. Lomonosov ungumphandi omkhulu waseRussia owaziwayo kwimisebenzi yakhe evelele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi.

Usosayensi omkhulu waseRussia

Le ndoda inombolo enkulu yokufumanisa, okwakubakho kamva kwanefuthe elibalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwenkqubo yesayensi. NguLomonosov owaba ngumntu owafumanisa ukuba iplanethi yeVenus inomoya. Wayengowokuqala owaqala ukufunda uhlobo lweglasi, ngaloo ndlela wabeka isayensi yonke.

Usosayensi wazalwa ngo-1711 eBukumkani baseRashiya, waza wafa ngo-1765 eMbusweni waseRashiya. Wahlala ubomi obufutshane, kodwa wakwazi ukushiya into enkulu emva kwakhe. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba kufunyanwa ezininzi izinto xa uMikhail Vasilyevich wayehlala iminyaka emininzi.

Beka kwimbali

Zonke iincwadi kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwe yenziwe ngu-sosayiti waseRussia ibaluleke gqitha. Le ndoda yayingenangqiqo, eyamnceda ukuba aphumelele ngokufanayo kwimfilosofi nakwiincwadi, nangona ezi nzululwazi azikho into efanayo. Amanani amaninzi amaninzi abonisa ukuhlonipha kwabo kuMikhail Vasilievich. Ngokomzekelo, u- Euler owaziwayo wemathematika wabhala kwimibono yakhe ethi uLomonosov unesipho sokuphendula nayiphi na umbuzo, kunye nokubuza umbuzo onokuphendula kuphela. Isibalo semathematika siye sabonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abantu abanjengoMikhail Vasilievich basebenzisanga nje inzuzo yesayensi kuphela, kodwa bazukisa nohlanga lwabo.

Ngenkqubela yeLomonosov, amanani aseRussia ayexhaswa kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, wakwazi ukutshintsha yonke into. Imisebenzi kaLomonosov yanyanzelela lonke ilizwe elifundiweyo ukuba libalekele neRashiya.

Iingxelo zembali yaseRashiya

Imisebenzi kaLomonosov kwimbali yaseRashiya yabonakala iphumelele kakhulu. Waba ngowokuqala owathi wathatha njengesiseko sophando ebomini babantu base-Old Old state. ULomonosov wachaza ixesha elibalulekileyo kwimbali yaseRashiya. Ngokombono wakhe, kwakukho izigaba ezithandathu ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela urhulumente.

U-Mikhail Vasilyevich waqala ukugqiba umgaqo we-Slavic-Chudskoy evela eRashiya. Le ngcamango yamkelwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile elivunyelwene nalo.

Usosayensi waseRashiya uya kubhala imisebenzi eminingi ehambelana ngqo nembali yaseRashiya. Enye yezona zidumileyo ziza kuba "Imbali YaseRashiya yasendulo". Le ncwadi iya kuba yintando nje kuphela, kodwa nakumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Kamva iza kuguqulelwa kwiilwimi eziliqela kwaye zishicilelwe kwakhona. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwenzeke, uLomonosov uphumelele kuyo yonke into. Imisebenzi kwimbali yaseRashiya yayo ngokwenene nangemva kweenkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Imisebenzi yokufundisa

Imisebenzi kaLomonosov kwintsimi yokufundisa ifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Zisekelwe kwinkathalo yomntu. U-academician wasebenza ixesha elithile njengomfundisi kwaye wazama ukusebenzisa iimvo zakhe ngokusebenza. Injongo ephambili kukufundisa abantu abatsha ngokufanelekileyo. Wenza okuninzi malunga nokuphuhliswa kokufundisa, emva kokuphela kweminyaka elishumi wavelisa izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo.

Usosayensi wachaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ukuze afundise umntwana into ethile, udinga indlela ethile. Wakwazi ukubonisa ukuba imfundo yamanqanaba onke ibalulekile kwaye ixhunyiwe. Inzululwazi incike kwimigaqo yobuntu, ubuzwe kunye nentando yesininzi.

Wayesoloko efuna ukuba imfundo ifikeleleke kubo bonke. Wafuna ukuba izikolo ezivulekileyo zivulekele kwaye bonke abantwana bangafunda isayensi yesiseko.

UMikhail Vasilievich unengcamango yokudala ihostele kubafundi be-gymnasium. Wayekholelwa ukuba kuya kukwazi ukuchitha ixesha elide lokufunda. Ndiyabulela kuye, iindawo zokuzivocavoca zahlukaniswa ngesiRashiya naseLatini.

ULomonosov wanyamekela ingqalelo kwisayensi kunye nemfundo. Imisebenzi yesigxina ayisinakuphi na ukungathandabuzeki. Kwaye iinzame zazingenanto, imisebenzi yakhe yafakwa emva koko, kwaye ke inkqubo yemfundo yaseRashiya yaphuhliswa ngokwalo.

Inkqubo ngegrama

UMikhail Vasilievich ungumnikazi weencwadi "I-Grammar yesiRashiya", apho iziseko zesiRashiya zifakwa khona. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimisebenzi yesayensi yeLomonosov ngegrama. Ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wabalobi bexesha elidlulileyo, kunye neminye imithetho evela kwamanye amazwe. ULomonosov wahlula isiRashiya kunye neSlavonic yeCawa. Nangona iilwimi zazifana, kodwa ngexesha elithile ziye zahluke ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, isiRashiya saqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

I-academician yahlalutya amagama amaninzi kunye namaqonga kwaye wenza izigqibo ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo. Emva kokuba efunde ngokupheleleyo ulwimi, kwaye i-"Grammar yaseRashiya" edumileyo yaphuma. Uluntu ludibene nencwadi ngenkuthalo, kwaye uLomonosov waba "ngowokuqala wegrarmarian". Kwixesha elizayo, ezininzi iilwimi zabhala iincwadi, zithembele ngokupheleleyo kwimibhalo yakhe.

Iinkqubo kwimihlaba ye-philology

ULomonosov waqala ukufunda i-philology, enqwenela ukuphakamisa inqanaba lentetho yabantu. Wachukunyiswa xa umntu engakwazi ngokuzimeleyo aze aqokelele iingcamango zakhe aze azixoxe nabanye. Ngexesha elide uLomonosov waqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko, ngesiseko apho wabhala incwadi ngokucacileyo. Kwabizwa ngokuba yiRhetoric. Yenza ukuba abantu abangafundile babe neengcamango zento ekuthethwa ngayo ukuthetha ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

UMikhail Lomonosov ngumntu owaphuhlisa ulwimi lweencwadi. Wayengowokuqala ukwenza oku, kuba phambi kwakhe isiRashiya sasingenanto inomdla kwiilwimi zala maxesha. Ukuba i-academician ayizange ifunde, mhlawumbi abantu basebenzise iSonto yeSlavonic kwiindawo ezininzi kwiminyaka emininzi. ImiSebenzi yeLloloosov yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yolwimi.

Iinkqubo ezisekuhlaleni kwezoqoqosho

UMikhail Lomonosov wakhulela kwintsapho apho ayeqhele ukujonga ngobomi ngobomi. Ukujonga okufanayo kwajonga ubukhulu belizwe, eliye lazinikezelwa kwimisebenzi emininzi. Phakathi kwabo, kuyaqhelaniswa ukuba ungabandakanyi amagama anjalo we-Lomonosov yenzululwazi yezoqoqosho: "Ekuzaliseni nasekulondolozeni abantu baseRussia", "Ekulungiseni ezolimo", "Ekulungiseni nasekuveliseni imisebenzi yezandla kunye nobugcisa", "Ekusebenziseni okusemgangathweni kwabathengisi" "," Ukulondolozwa kobugcisa bempi ngexesha loxolo lwexesha elide. "

I-Academician yayibalulekile ukuba uqoqosho lwakhe luni. Wayekholelwa ukuba ngenxa yelizwe elinamandla, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa ishishini, oko kukuthi, i-metallurgy.

Kwakhona wakhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwezolimo kunye nezinye iinkalo zoshishino ezenza uqoqosho luzinzileyo kwaye luzimeleyo.

Indawo ebalulekileyo emsebenzini wezoqoqosho weLomonosov yayihlala yinkalo yenani labantu. Wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente uya kuba namandla xa kukho abantu abaninzi abafundayo. Ngelo xesha, waqonda ukuba kwixesha elizayo inani elikhulu labantu lingadlala ihlaya elibi. Ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho kunye nelizwe, kuyimfuneko ukuvula amaziko emfundo ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuzibona ngokwabo kwaye bancede bakhe ukwakha amandla amakhulu.

Kwenye yeencwadi zenzululwazi zathintela kwimeko yokuhamba. Wayekholelwa ukuba eli shishini kufuneka liphuhliswe kwaye lityalomali kakhulu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba iRashiya ingene kwinqanaba lezorhwebo lehlabathi, kunye nokukhipha amaminerali ePacific, eSiberia naseMntla. Kule mimandla kufuneka, ngokwemisebenzi yakhe, kudlule indlela yokuthutha.

ULomonosov wathintela kwisihloko sokusasazwa kolwazi olunxulumene noqoqosho. Enye yeengcamango zakhe kukukhutshwa kwamaphephandaba okuza kwenza bonke abahlali belizwe baqonde imeko yoqoqosho.

Imisebenzi kaLomonosov kule ntsimi inike isiqalo ekudalweni koqoqosho oluzinzileyo nolomeleleyo oluya kubonakala eRussia kungekudala emva kokufa koososayensi.

Kancinci malunga nokunye okufanelekileyo kumfundi wezemfundo

ULomonosov wenza izinto ezininzi ekufumaneni iilwimi kunye noncwadi. Ayikho imfihlelo eyayiyinto yesibili kuye, kuba umfundi okhanga kakhulu kwimihlaba yesayensi yendalo. Wathandwa yi-physics, imeteorology, i-astronomy, i-chemistry, enye i-sayensi.

Kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uLomonosov wakwazi ukubona into eyayingenakuyenza. Ukufumanisa ukuba iVenus, iyavela, inomoya ojikelezayo. Akukho nanye kwizazi zeenkwenkwezi wakwazi ukuphawula le nto, ngaphandle kweLomonosov. Esi siganeko singumnyaka we-1761.

Imemori yendoda

Yonke imisebenzi kaLomonosov ifanelwe udumo oluyingqayizivele, ingomnye wabasosayensi abambalwa abanomdla abaza kukhumbula iminyaka emininzi.

Namhlanje amaziko amaninzi emfundo athatha inqampu yesazinzulu. Ngomnyaka we-1956, kuye kwasungulwa isigxina sakhe, esingafunyanwa kuphela ngamanani avelele asebenza kwintsimi yendalo kunye nezinye i-sciences zemvelo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwenzeke, uLomonosov uphumelele kuyo yonke into. Iingxelo zembali yaseRashiya yazo ngokwenene nangemva kweenkulungwane eziliqela.