Umxhamli ... Ngubani na umxhamli?

Imiba yokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kwipropati yayibaluleke kakhulu kuluntu nakweyiphi na imbali yembali kwaye phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo nezopolitiki. Yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu kule miba?

Eminye imiGaba eNje

Kwintetho kunye nokulawulwa kobudlelwane bepropati kukho imigaqo-siseko ebalulekileyo apho yonke isiseko esisemthethweni nesiseko somthetho esekelwe. Enye yeemeko ezibaluleke kakhulu yimbono yomxhamli. Lo ngumntu osemthethweni okanye ongowomzimba onelungelo lomhlaba kwipropati kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ufumana imali evela kubunini. Okanye inzuzo evela kwindlela ethile yokuthengisa. Kwimiqathango yomthetho kunye nomthetho, kukho inani lezinto ezihamba phambili, enye indlela okanye enye inxulumene neli gama. Masizame ukuqwalasela ezinye zazo ngokubanzi.

Ngubani na onokuthiwa ngabaxhamli?

Ngamanye amaxesha kwimeko yomthetho yasekhaya olufana nelizwe elifana neli gama ngokuthi "umxhamli" ("umxhamli") lisetyenziswe. Ngentsingiselo yalo, ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nomxholo "wokufumana inzuzo". Ayikho into efana nesigama, ngokunyuka ngokwemveli kumthetho wamaRoma. Ngomthetho waseRashiya ngokomthetho nakwezoqoqosho, zombini amagama ayafana ngokufanayo. Ngubani obizwa ngokuba ngabaxhamli? Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxhamli ngumntu ofumana ingeniso ngendlela yokurenta kwipropati yakhe, adluliselwe kwi-trust management okanye ukusetyenziswa ngabanye abantu okanye imibutho. Ubudlelwane obunxulumene nomzuzwana kulo mzekelo, abasebenzisi bepropati yabo bavela kwimimiselo evunyelwene ngokuthe ngqo.

Uxhamli-mali

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-inshurensi. Kwimigangatho yoshishino lomshuwalense, umzuzwana ngumntu wendalo okanye womthetho ofumana iintlawulo phantsi kwekhontrakthi ngokuhambelana nemimiselo echazwe kwinqubomgomo yomshuwalense. Eli gama liqheleke kakhulu kumthetho welifa. Apha umxhamli ngumntu ofumana ipropati ethile okanye amalungelo emali ngokwemfuno okanye ngokomthetho welifa. Ukongezelela, kwinto yesiko kubaxhamli ukubandakanya abantu ukuba izakhiwo zebhanki zinikezela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha iimali.

Umthetho woMthetho

Umthetho okwangoku ucacisa ngokwaneleyo amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko ezifunyanwa ngumzuzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngumthetho okanye umntu. Ngoko ke, ngokukodwa, ngokungqinelana neMigaqo-nkqubo yabasebenzi baseRussian Federation, umxhamli wequmrhu lomthetho unelungelo lokufumana iintlawulo ze-inshorensi kwiimeko ezichazwe kwisivumelwano somshuwalense wepropati yaso, ukuba yonakaliswe ngenxa yesiganeko somshumo. Isakhelo esisemthethweni kwimiba yobudlelwane bepropati kunye neembopheleleko zezemali sele zichaziwe ngoku ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ezaneleyo, amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zombini zombini yontraki ye-inshurensi ipapashwe kuyo ngendlela epheleleyo. Ukongeza kwi-Code Civil, ubudlelwane bo-inshorensi bulawulwa nguMthetho we-RF kaNovemba 27, 1992 "KwiNkampani Yomashishini Yase -Yurophu."

Imfanelo kunye namalungelo omxhamli

I-inshurensi yepropati yayo kunye neyezinye ipropati inika umnini-ntembelo wayo ekufumaneni imbuyekezo yemali kwixabiso elivunyelweneyo, ukuba loo propati ibonakaliswe ngenxa yempembelelo yemeko yendalo okanye nayiphi na ingqinano enobudlova yendalo yobugebengu kuyo. Kodwa umxhamli-mali osikelelekileyo ngendlela echazwe ngumthetho unemiqathango yembopheleleko kumnini-inshurensi lowo ungene kuyo kwisivumelwano esinxulumene nayo. Eyokuqala kwezi zihlawulelo ezifike ngexesha eligcweleyo kwiminikelo evunyelweneyo kwisivumelwano, okanye ngokuba zibizwa ngokuba yi-"premiums insurance".

Uxanduva olongezelelweyo lomxhamli

Ukongeza kwintlawulo yokunyanzeliswa kwee-premiums zomshuwalense, umgcini-mali-mali uya ku-inshurensi inani leembopheleleko, njengoko bathi, "umyalelo wesibini". Kodwa ezi zinto azibalulekanga. Ukuphunyezwa kwekhontrakthi xa kwenzeka isiganeko esiqinisekisiwe ngaphandle kokudibana nale mbopheleleko akunakwenzeka. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuba kuboniswe kubonelelo lomshuwalense weziko lonke loxwebhu kwi-inshurensi into epheleleyo. Ukukwazisa ngokukhawuleza zonke iinguqu ezenzekile kunye naziphi na iimeko ezichaphazelekayo. Kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, umgcini-mali kufuneka axelelwe ukuba kwenzeke isiganeko esiqinisekisiwe kwiimvumelwano ezichazwe kwisivumelwano somshuwalense. Kakade ke, umxhamli unyanzelekile ukufezekisa eli gatya kwimeko ukuba unenjongo yokusebenzisa ilungelo lakhe lokufumana imbuyekezo yemali ngenxa yakhe ngenxa yesiganeko somshumo.

Yintoni eyenza i-insurer ihlawule?

Xa kwenzeka isiganeko esiqinisekisiwe, umshwalense unyanzelekile ukuba azalisekise, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yesivumelwano esiphelisiweyo, zonke iimbopheleleko zemali ezenziwe kumnini wepropati echaphazelekayo. Iintlawulo kwiimeko ezithile zingaba ngaphezu kokubalulekileyo. Akuqhelekanga ukuba i-inshurensi iphendulele kwiingxowa-mboleko zangaphandle zeemali zeemeko ezinzima zokuzalisekisa uxanduva lwakhe lwe-inshorensi. Yintoni eyenza akwenze? Ingongoma apha kukuba i-inshurensi, njengoko bethetha-"umdlalo omde" kunye "nomgama omde osebenzayo". Kuphela abo abakwaziyo ukwakha isicwangciso sokuphuhlisa ishishini labo kwixesha elide abanokuluphumelela apha. Umshuwalense, ozalisekisa izibophelelo zakhe zezimali ngokungenakuqhayisa, ufumana idumela. Kwaye, ngoko ke, isiseko sabathengi, abaxhamli be- inshorensi baya kunqunyulwa ixesha elithile zonke iindleko ezenzelwe nguye ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lwakhe lwezezimali.

Ezinye izibonakaliso zendalo jikelele

Imbali yezoshishino ze-inshorensi sele ikhululwe ngamakhulu eminyaka. Kubonakala okokuqala ngqa e-UK ngethuba lokuvela kwe-capitalist industry kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezorhwebo lehlabathi, eli candelo liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye liphucula kuze kube namhlanje. Yintoni ekhanga ngabo bonke abaxhamlayo kwiipontrakthi ze-inshurensi zeempahla zabo ezibonakalayo kunye nezinye iimpahla? Emva koko, ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano esiphelisiweyo, abaxhamli kufuneka bafumane izibophelelo zemali ebalulekileyo. Le ngongoma apha, mhlawumbi, kukuba abanini bepropati bafuna umxholo wokuzithemba kwiziphumo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Ziyakhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokuzinza nokuzithemba kwixesha elizayo. Kwaye abaxhamli bakulungele ukuhlawula. Le meko ibangele ukuba bajongane nabaqhorensi. Akukho mntu ongabathengisa ngengqondo efanelekileyo yokuzithemba nokuzinza. Kule ntengiselwano, zombini macala anomdla ofanayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphuhliso oluyimpumelelo lweshishini le-inshorensi luyenzeka kuphela kwiphondo kunye noqoqosho olusakhulayo ngokuqhubekayo kunye nenkqubo esemthethweni yomthetho.