Nokuthabatha amaqhezu anedinomineyitha ezahlukeneyo. Ukudibanisa nokuthabatha amaqhezu

Enye inzululwazi ibalulekileyo, isicelo yayo kunokubonwa iinkalo ezifana chemistry, inzululwazi, kwaye nkqu eziphilayo, yemathematika. Isifundo le inzululwazi kuvumela sibe ezinye iimpawu ngengqondo, ukuphucula nekhono lokuhlaziya kunye nesakhono ukuze ingqondo. Omnye izihloko ezidinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kule khosi "Mathematics" - ukudibanisa kunye nokuthabatha amaqhezu. Abafundi abaninzi ukufunda ibangela ubunzima. Mhlawumbi Inqaku lethu liza kukunceda uqonde ngcono le sihloko.

Indlela amaqhezu zabo anedinomineyitha ziyafana nokukhupha

Shot - ukuba inani elifanayo, nto leyo ukuvelisa ezahlukahlukeneyo izenzo. Baya yahlukile integers kuba phambi elingezantsi. Yiyo loo nto xa esenza imisebenzi ngamaqhezu kufuneka uhlole ezinye iimpawu kunye nemithetho. Ityala elula a nokuthabatha amaqhezu ogama aneedinomineyitha zimelwa khona njenge inani elifanayo. Yokwenza lo msebenzi iya kuba nzima ukuba uyawazi umthetho olula:

• Ukuze angatsala iqhezu owesibini, kuyimfuneko evela kwinani iqhezu ngaphandle ngokunciphisa uthabathe inani le itsalelwa amaqhekeza. Le nombolo irekhodi umahluko kwinani elingezantsi kunye nenani elingaphezulu isifundo esifanayo: K / m - b / m = (KB) / m.

Imizekelo nokuthabatha amaqhezu zabo anedinomineyitha ziyafana

Makhe sibone indlela ekhangeleka ngayo umzekelo:

7/19 - 3/19 = (7 - 3) / 19 = 4/19.

Ngaphandle nokunciphisa inani elingezantsi iqhezu "7" uthabathe inani elingezantsi iqhezu itsalelwa "3", sifumana "4". Eli nani ke bhala kwinani yempendulo, wayifaka kwinani elingaphezulu inani elifanayo esibe kwi-phantsi amaqhezu yokuqala neyesibini - "19".

Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa embalwa imizekelo ngaphezulu.

Makhe sihlolisise umzekelo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto ezo nokuthabatha amaqhezu kunye nedinomineyitha:

29/47 - 3/47 - 8/47 - 2/47 - 7/47 = (29 - 3 - 8 - 2 - 7) / 47 = 9/47.

Ngaphandle nokunciphisa inani elingezantsi iqhezu "29" ngokuthabatha amanani ngokulandelelana zonke amaqhezu ezilandelayo - "3", "8", "2", "7". Ngenxa yoko, sifumana umphumo "9", esibhaliweyo kwinani yempendulo, uze ubhale kwinani elingaphezulu linani leyo kwinani elingaphezulu zonke ezi amaqhezu - "47".

Ukudibanisa amaqhezu kunye nedinomineyitha

Ukudibanisa nokuthabatha amaqhezu lwenziwa kumgaqo.

• Phinda amaqhezu zabo anedinomineyitha ziyafana, kufuneka dibanisa amanani. Ithole inombolo - Bala inani elingezantsi kunye nenani elingaphezulu iya kuhlala injalo: K / m + b / m = (k + b) / m.

Makhe sibone indlela ekhangeleka ngayo umzekelo:

1/4 + 2/4 = 3/4.

Kuba kwinani kwekota yokuqala iqhezu - "1" - ukudibanisa inani elingezantsi amaqhekeza kwikota yesibini -. "2" Isiphumo - "3" - isixa irekhodi kwinani elingezantsi kunye nenani elingaphezulu kwe reserve iyafana naleyo ekhoyo amaqhezu -. "4"

Amaqhezu anedinomineyitha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhupha

Action ngamaqhezu ukuba babe nedinomineyitha, sele ngazo. Njengoko ubona, esazi imithetho elula ukusombulula le mizekelo ngendlela lula. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ufuna ukwenza intshukumo ngamaqhezu ube idominetha ezahlukeneyo? Abafundi abaninzi bezikolo zasesekondari ukuza ubunzima ukuze imizekelo ezinjalo. Kodwa apha, kananjalo, ukuba uyazi umgaqo kwezisombululo, imizekelo iza kuphinda babekho nzima kuwe. Apha kakhulu kukho umthetho, ngaphandle apho ngesisombululo michiza nje akunakwenzeka.

• Ukwenza nokuthabatha amaqhezu anedinomineyitha ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka awazise zifana iphantsi efanayo.

Ukuze ufunde ukwenza oko, siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

impahla ekhokhela

Ukuze amaqhezu eziliqela kukhokelela nedinomineyitha, ukuba kusetyenziswa ekucombululeni ebaluleke kakhulu zamaqhezu: uya emva sahlule okanye phinda inani elingezantsi kunye nenani elingaphezulu ngo inani elifanayo kusiqengqela ulingana oku.

Umzekelo, iqhezu 2/3 unokuba idominetha ezifana "6", "9" '12 "kunye t. D., ngamanye ingathatha ngohlobo naliphi na inani oko kukuthi ezininzi of" 3 ". Emva njengenani eliphezulu nenani eliphantsi, phinda ngo "2", ufumana iqhezu 4/6. Emva njengenani eliphezulu nenani eliphantsi iqhezu phinda umthombo kwi "3", sifumana 6/9, kwaye ukuba nempembelelo efanayo imveliso kunye nenani "4", sifumana 8/12. kokuba zibhalwe njenge equation esinye ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2/3 = 4/6 = 6/9 = 8/12 ...

Indlela Ukucengceleza amaqhezu ezimbalwa ukuya nedinomineyitha

Cinga ukuba njani amaqhekeza eziliqela ukuya nedinomineyitha. Umzekelo, uthabathe amaqhezu kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi. Okokuqala kufuneka babone ukuba zingaphi inokuba nenani elingaphezulu kuzo zonke ziphela. Ukuze kube lula ukwandisa amanani aphantsi ezikhoyo kahle.

Le idinomineyitha iqhezu 1/2, kwaye 2/3 ayikwazi ibolile ibe zinto. 7/9 zifana has ezimbini into 7/9 = 7 / (3 × 3), lo idinomineyitha iqhezu 5/6 = 5 / (2 x 3). Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba ukujonga izinto ziya kuba yintoni ophantsi zonke amaqhezu zone. Ukususela iqhezu yokuqala kwinani elingaphezulu sine nani "2", ngoko ke kufuneka zibe khona yonke idominetha kwi iqhezu 7/9 liye kathathu ezimbini, ngoko ke kufuneka zombini zibe khona elingezantsi. Ngenxa yoku kungasentla, siye sibone ukuba elingezantsi iqulathe imiba emithathu: 3, 2, no-3 ngu 3 x 2 x 3 = 18.

Cinga shot lokuqala - 1/2. Xa zifana waso "2", kodwa akukho anomvo omnye "3", yaye kufuneka ezimbini. Ukuze wenze oku, phinda yi elingezantsi le kathathu ezimbini, kodwa ke, ngokutsho impahla iqhezu, elingezantsi kwaye kufuneka ukuba phinda ngo kathathu ezimbini:
= 1/2 (1 x 3 x 3) / (2 x 3 x 3) = 9/18.

Ngokufanayo ukuvelisa isenzo amaqhezu eseleyo.

• 2/3 - kwinani elingaphezulu ayikho enye ezintathu enye ezimbini:
  = 2/3 (2 x 3 x 2) / (3 x 3 x 2) = 12/18.
• 7/9 okanye 7 / (3 x 3) - kwinani elingaphezulu ilahlekile ngababini:
  7/9 = (7 x 2) / (9 x 2) = 14/18.
• 5/6 okanye 5 / (2 x 3) - kwinani elingaphezulu ilahlekile kathathu:
  5/6 = (5 x 3) / (6 x 3) = 15/18.

All in konke sijongeka njengoku:

Indlela ukuthabatha badibanise amaqhezu anedinomineyitha ezahlukeneyo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukuze enze ukongeza okanye nokuthabatha amaqhezu anedinomineyitha ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni zifana, uze emva koko uthabathe ithuba kwemithetho nokuthabatha amaqhezu kunye nedinomineyitha, nto leyo eye sele kuthethiwe kubo.

Jonga umzekelo: 4/18 - 3/15.

Sifumana multiple-18 no-15:

• Inani 18 ubunjwe 3 x 2 x 3.
• Inani 15 yenziwa 5 x 3.
• Emhlambini jikelele iza kuba nezi zinto zilandelayo 5 x 3 x 3 x 2 = 90.

Xa ufumene nenani eliphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubala lingabali, nto leyo eya kuba ezahlukeneyo iqhekeza ngalinye, oko kukuthi inani oya kuba yimfuneko ukuba zande kuphela elingezantsi, kodwa kwinani. Kule nombolo sifumana (multiple aqhelekileyo), bahlulwe idinomineyitha iqhezu, apho kuyimfuneko ukuchonga izinto ezongezelelweyo.

• 90 umahlule ngo 15. Inani kubangela "6" ngumba ku 3/15.
• 90 umahlule ngo 18. Inani kubangela "5" ngumba ku 4/18.

Inqanaba elilandelayo izisombululo zethu - ukuzisa iqhezu nganye elingezantsi "90".

Njani oku kwenziwe, sele ndithethile. Cinga, njengokuba kubhaliwe Umzekelo:

(4 x 5) / (18 x 5) - (3 x 6) / (15 x 6) = 20/90 - 18/90 = 2/90 = 1/45.

Ukuba iqhezu kunye amanani amancinane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela zifana njengoko umzekelo kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi.

Ngokufanayo obuvelisiweyo kunye nokongeza amaqhezu kokuba idominetha ezahlukeneyo.

Ukudibanisa nokuthabatha amaqhezu kwanjengokuba sinamalungu yonke

Nokuthabatha amaqhezu kunye Ukongeza zabo, sele azixoxwa ngokwenkcukacha. Kodwa njani ukwenza ukuthabatha, ukuba kukho iqhezu lonke? Kwakhona, sebenzisa imithetho embalwa:

• Zonke amaqhezu inxalenye elipheleleyo, iguqulelwe engalunganga. Ngamagama alula, susa inxalenye elipheleleyo. Ukuze benze oku, inxenye inani wonke liphindaphindwe idinomineyitha iqhezu afunyenwe ngokudibanisa imveliso ukuya kwinani. Loo nombolo, efunyanwa emva kwezi zenzo - elingezantsi amaqhezu ezingafanelekanga. Elingezantsi kuhlala ingatshintshanga.
• Ukuba amaqhezu kufuneka idominetha ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka awazise efanayo.
• Yenza i ukongeza okanye ukukhupha idominetha efanayo.
• Kwakufika amaqhezu ngokungafanelekanga ukwaba yinxalenye yalo lonke.

Kukho nenye indlela apho unako ukufeza ukudibanisa kunye nokuthabatha amaqhezu kunye namalungu apheleleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zenzo zenziwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwiindawo uphela, imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngamaqhezu, kwaye iziphumo zibhalwe kunye.

Umzekelo ngasentla ubunjwe amaqhezu ukuba babe nedinomineyitha. Kwimeko apho amanani aphantsi ahlukeneyo, kufuneka kukhokelela ezifanayo, kwaye ukwenza iintshukumo phambili, njengoko uboniswe kumzekelo.

Nokuthabatha amaqhezu lenani elipheleleyo

Omnye iintlobo imisebenzi ngamaqhezu kunjalo xa kufuneka ukuba uthathe iqhezu inani yendalo. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kubonakala ngathi umzekelo kunzima ukusombulula. Noko ke, loo nto intle elula apha. Ukuze Ukusombulula kufuneka iguqulelwe i iqhezu lenani elipheleleyo kunye nedinomineyitha ekubeni apho ukuba ususe amaqhezu. ukuthabatha imveliso koko, ukuthabatha nelo kunye idominetha efanayo. Umzekelo kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

7 - 4/9 = (7 x 9) / 9 - 4/9 = 53/9 - 4/9 = 49/9.

Njengoko kweli nqaku nokuthabatha amaqhezu (Grade 6) sisiseko ngesisombululo imizekelo ezininzi ezinzima, nekuxoxwa ngazo kwezi ndidi zilandelayo. Ukwazi le topic zisetyenziswa kamva ukuxazulula imisebenzi, avela njalo njalo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde baze baqonde imisebenzi ngamaqhezu, kuxoxwe ngasentla.