Inkcazo yokukhuphisana kwelizwe lonke

Amazwe ehlabathini lonke azama ukufumana ingqalelo nje ngabantu babo kuphela, kodwa aphinde athathe imida yokuqala yokulinganisa. Ilizwe ngalinye lizama ukulungelelanisa kwelinye okanye zonke ngokukhawuleza. Amandla aqaphela inkcubeko, ininzi yentando yesininzi, ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho, uxolo okanye inamandla. Kuyo yonke indawo urhulumente akayi kuphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho namagunya anjalo alwela ukuxabisa kuyo yonke into.

Kuzo zonke iintlobo zamabhaso ahloniphekileyo, unokukhetha indawo yokuqala kwindawo enye, ekuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaba lokhuphiswano. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi malunga nale nkcukacha.

Uqoqosho aluyinto elula

Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathi aneenjongo zawo zobuchule. Kodwa zikhona ezo naziphi na amandla azama ukuzalisekisa. Kubalulekile ukuba uhulumeni aqinisekise ukukhula koqoqosho. Nantsi kunokwenzeka ukubonisa umzabalazo wobomi bemihlali ngamnye.

Isicwangciso esinjalo asikhuthaleli kuphela imizamo yabasemagunyeni ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila, kodwa kwakhona iqinisekisa iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zolawulo lwezoqoqosho nentlalo. Ezinye iindawo ziye zakhetha indlela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Njengoko amava olwahlulo lwamazwe ngamazwe abonisile, siyabonga kwesi sicwangciso sokuba amazwe "ommangaliso wezomnotho" akwazi ukuphucula ukukhula kwawo kwemali. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba uxwebhu lwe-mpikiswano lokubambisana lomhlaba luthonyelwa kukuvuselela umsebenzi omtsha.

Kodwa umzekelo onjalo wezoqoqosho awuxhomekeke kuwo onke amazwe. Kukho abo basenako ukuseka isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Ezi zibandakanya kungekhona kuphela iRussian Federation, kodwa kunye namanye amazwe aseCIS.

Kubalulekile ukwenza into

Ushishino ngumqhubela phambili ekuphuhliseni ukhuphiswano. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nezo zinto zininzi, nangona kunjalo kukubuyiselwa koosomashishini ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthintele ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Ngaloo ndlela, lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibonisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho kunye namaziko karhulumente.

Ngubani ophetheyo?

Ngo-1971, iForam yoQoqosho loHlabathi (i-WEF) yasungulwa. Le ntlangano iyaziwa ngokuqokelela iintloko zorhulumente ngonyaka kwi-Davos. Ukongezelela kwiinkokheli, iinkokheli zoshishino, ezoqoqosho kunye nolwazi-ndaba. Iminyaka engama-45, iqonga liye lixubusha imiba enxulumene noncedo lwezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye iingxaki zehlabathi ezinzima: ukhuseleko lwendalo kunye nempilo.

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nhlangano yaseSwiss, eyasungulwa nguNjingalwazi uKlaus Schwab. Ngethuba nje naye uyinkokheli engunaphakade. Kukho kwakhona isigqeba esilawulayo isigxina - iBhodi yabaLawuli. Ubulungu kwi-WEF malunga neenkampani ezili-1000, imibutho ehlabathini lonke.

Iforam yoHlabathi yezoQoqosho yayidalwa nje ingxoxo. Enye yemisebenzi yakhe kukufunda iipolitiki nezoqoqosho. Ngomnyaka we-1979, ingxelo yonyaka yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lwasungulwa. Uqikelele amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu kwihlabathi ngeendlela ezimbini: inkcazo yokukhula kunye nokukhuphisana.

Uphando lohlalutyo lobuchule

Ukwakha urhulumente kwinqanaba, kuthathe isifundo sehlabathi esenzelwe ukuhlalutya inkqubo zezoqoqosho. Ngaloo ndlela, izazinzulu zakwazi ukufumana uluhlu lwehlabathi lokukhuphisana kwiForam yoQoqosho loHlabathi.

Ngaphambili, le ntlangano engekho yoorhulumente yenze ingxelo kuphela. Kodwa ukususela ngo-2004, liye ladala ngokukodwa ukulinganiswa kwezizwe, ezisekelwe kwisikhokelo. Esi sibonakaliso sivavanya ubuchule belizwe ukuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu labemi bobuhlali. Kwakhona kwaqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi basekhaya, inkxaso kwizinga lokuphila, umkhiqizo wabasebenzi kunye nomgangatho weenkonzo.

Imisebenzi ye-WEF

Ngaphambi kokubala isalathisi sokukhuphisana kwehlabathi, iingcali kufuneka zihlalutye iinkcukacha ezikhoyo zikarhulumente kunye neziphumo zoluphando lwehlabathi lweentloko zeenkampani.

Ngokwinkcazo yentlangano, ukukhuphisana kobukhosi kukukwazi ukuba uhulumeni kunye namaziko ayo atshintshe ukukhula okuzinzile kwezoqoqosho. Abaphandi bafumene unxibelelwano phakathi kwinqanaba lokukhuphisana kunye nentlalo yabemi. Ephakamileyo isibonakaliso sokuqala, sesibini esilungileyo.

Injongo yesalathisi

Ingcamango yeforamu kukuba urhulumente kufuneka asebenzise iziphumo zophando. Olu vavanyo lusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuba ilizwe kufuneka lizame ukuqeda ubunzima endleleni yokuphucula uphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokukhuphisana. Isalathisi sixhobo ekufundeni amacandelo enkcazo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokuphucula umgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko.

Impact

Abameleli be-WEF bathi ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukhuphiswano, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizinto ezininzi kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo. Kucacile ukuba impembelelo kwezoqoqosho ingaba yinto enobungakanani ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: oku kubandakanya umgaqo-mali wokuvelisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ixabiso eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ngaloo ndlela, kukho nezinye iimeko ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uqoqosho: ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropati yolwazi, i-judicial progress, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Izinto ezingekho nje kuphela ziko zingathintela inkqubo yezemali. Kukho uqeqesho kunye nokuhlaziywa kwabasebenzi abasebenzayo, ithuba lokufundisa nge-clock-clock kunye nophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe. Yonke into ingaba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo kule nkqubo okanye kwezoqoqosho.

Izinto ezizimeleyo

Kuyaziwa ukuba ekuhlalutyweni inkcazo yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lwe-WEF idibaniswe kunye noluhlu lwezokhuphiswano lwezoshishino. Igama elichanekileyo lisemva kwesalathisi sokuqala. Ngendlela, le nkcazo yenziwe ngumsululwazi Xavier Sala-i-Martin, ofundisa e- Columbia University. Uvele nje wavelisa lo vavanyo kwi-Community Economic Community.

Ngoko, ukugqiba amanqaku, kufuneka ubhekisele kumaqela angama-113. Ezinye zezi zinto zenziwa ngenxa yovavanyo lwehlabathi, inxalenye iqukethe idatha yeenkcukacha kunye neziphumo zophando. Zonke iinguqu eziyi-113 zihluke kwiibakala ezili-12. Bakhethwa ngophando lobugcisa kunye nolwazi.

Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho nanye kwezi ziguquko angahlola ngokuzimeleyo ukhuphiswano loburhulumente. Ukongeza, zonke izinto zidibene. Ukuveliswa kwemarike yempahla kunye neenkonzo kuxhomekeke kwiziqinisekiso kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi.

Ukujonga isigxina se-macroeconomic, kubalulekile ukulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwelizwe, ukuyeka ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya kweenkqubo zoqoqosho. Oosomashishini bangakwazi ukuququzelela ubuchwepheshe obutsha kuphela ukuba iingeniso zabo zidlula iindleko zotyalo-mali.

Ngaloo nto, kucacile ukuba inkcazo yokhuphiswano lwelizwe lonke lilawulwa yilo mazwe angakwazi ukulandela umgaqo-nkqubo opheleleyo, ekhangelelanisa izinto kunye nobuhlobo phakathi kwabo.

Uwuphi umehluko?

Abaphandi i-VEF baqwalasela ngokukodwa inkqubela phambili kwezoqoqosho. Ngelo xesha, bajonga ukuphuhliswa kwalo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ukuchazwa kwehlukahlulo ngamnye kwilizwe kuhambelana neemeko zalo zokuqala okanye kwiimimiselo zayo zesakhiwo kunye neentlangano. Ezi nkcukacha zivumela isikhundla sikarhulumente phakathi kwabanye ngokusebenzisa i-prism yentuthuko.

Iinzululwazi zisebenza imihla ngemihla ngendlela yokwenza inkqubela, ukwenzela ukuba isalathisi sokukhuphisana komhlaba sibe yinjongo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula izinga loqoqosho kunye nokutshintsha rhoqo kwiimeko zendalo.

Indlela

Ngoko, njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, uphando luhlalutya izikhombisi ezingama-113. Baqokelelwe kwiiklasi eziyi-12. Iinguqu ezingama-34 kuphela zibalwe kwiinkcukacha ezikhoyo zikarhulumente. Oku kubandakanya ityala langaphandle, ukulahleka kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, imilinganiselo yokuphila kunye nezinye izikhombisi. Eminye imicimbi ibhekisela kuphando lwehlabathi, olubandakanya uluvo lwama-executives angaphezu kwe-14 lamawaka.

Ngokwalo mgaqo, amazwe ahlukeneyo ngamaqela ophuhliso loqoqosho. Kule meko, kuphela i-GDP nganye ngekota. Nangona kukho ukungabikho, umzekelo, iRashiya kulo mzekelo isebenzise umqathango wesibini - umlinganiselo wokuxhomekeka kophuhliso lwelizwe kwizinto eziphambili. Ilungelo elinjalo lisebenza kwimeko apho urhulumente uncike kwizinto ezinobuncitshisi.

Amanqanaba

Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukuba kuqala ukufumana isigaba sokuphuhliswa koburhulumente. Ngokonke, kukho ama-5 kuwo: ama-39 ezoqoqosho zamazwe asemgangathweni lophuhliso. Ezi zibandakanya amaninzi kumazwe ase-Afrika, kunye ne-Indiya, iRiphablikhi yaseKyrgyz, iVietnam, njl.

Iqela lesibini liyingcipheko yenguqu ukusuka ekuphuhlisweni komgangatho ukuya kusebenza. Kule nqanaba ama-16 athi: Azerbaijan, i-Iran, iMoldova, iMongolia, njl. Iqela lesithathu liquka isigaba sesibini sophuhliso-olusebenzayo. Kukho uqoqosho lwama- 30 : i-Ukraine, iChina, iSerbia, uMzantsi Afrika, iBulgaria, iArmenia, njl.

Iqela lesine libhekwa njengengqinamba yenkqubela, kodwa ukusuka kwindlela ephumelelayo kwi-innovative. Kule nqanaba kukho uqoqosho lwama-24: iRashiya, iBrazil, i-Kazakhstan, iTurkey, i-Uruguay, i-Poland, i-United Arab Emirates, njl. Iqela lokugqibela liligaba lesithathu lokuphuhliswa. Uqoqosho olutsha luquka amazwe angama-37: phakathi kwabo ininzi yaseYurophu, kunye ne-US, e-Australia, eNew Zealand, eSouth Korea, eJapan, njl.

Isifundo 2016

Ngo-2016, iForam yoQoqosho loHlabathi sele iqhutywe. Uphononongo ngeli xesha lugubungele ukuhlalutya kwamazwe angama-138. Inkcazo yezokukhuphisana komhlaba wonke 2016-2017 iphinde ibekwe kwindawo zelizwe. Ngoku wonke urhulumente unomphumo, apho unokuthembela khona.

Inkokheli yale ntambo yiSwitzerland. Liye lahlala kumgca wokuqala iminyaka eyisibhozo ngokulandelana. Emva koko, iSingapore kunye neUnited States bahlala. Inkcazo yabo yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lika-2016 yi-5.8 kunye ne-5.7. Ezi zikho nkokheli ekunikezeni ihlabathi ngeemveliso ezintsha kunye neenkonzo.

Ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo, iinkokheli ezininzi azizange zitshintshe. Emva kweSwitzerland, iSingapore kunye ne-USA Index 5.6 yafumana iNetherlands neJamani, 5.5 - iSweden, iGreat Britain, Japan kunye neHong Kong, 5.4 - iFinland neNorway.

Ukulahleka kwesithuba

Uphando lwale nyaka lubonise ukuba kukho nemikhwa emibi. Inkcazo yokukhuphisana komhlaba wonke ka-2016 kuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo yeminye imibutho kwilizwe. Kuthetha nge-EU. Iinjongo zeli ziko zigcina umda phakathi kwamandla aseYurophu. Ukulinganiswa kubonisa ukuba amazwe aseMntla nakwiNtshona Yurophu ekhokelela kwezoqoqosho "i-hit parade". Kodwa inxalenye yaseMzantsi ibanjwe nokuhla kwezemali, okuchaphazela izikhombisi zenkcazo. I-Spain ithatha indawo engama-32, iItali-44, iGrisi kunyaka odlulileyo ihambile phantsi kwezikhundla ezihlanu kwaye ithatha indawo ye-86.

UMbindi Mpuma kunye neNyakatho Afrika baqhubeka behla. Qatar ngonyaka odlulileyo uhlala kwindawo ye-14, ngoku kube ngo-18. I-Saudi Arabia iphinde idlulise izikhundla ezine kwaye isekho kumgca we-29. Kwakhona lo nyaka awungamkeli i-Iraq iqhosha lokukhuphisana. Oku kubonisa ukuba imeko kweli lizwe libuhlungu gqitha.

Ephakathi kunye neMzantsi Afrika, kwakhona, udla emva. Iinkokeli zihlala: iMauritius kumgca we-45, eMzantsi Afrika nge-47 kunye neRwanda ngo-52. Zonke ezinye iindawo ezikuloo ntsimi ziphela emva. Ngamnye kubo ufuna uncedo lwangaphandle, oluya kuqinisa uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nokwandisa inkcazo yokukhuphisana kwehlabathi.

Amazwe aseCIS

I-Russian Federation, ngokungafani namanye amaninzi amaninzi, akwazi ukuphakama kumazinga amabini aze athathe indawo engama-43. Uqoqosho luyamangalisa ngethuba lomhlaba, kodwa umphumo omuhle watholakala ngenxa yokusebenza kweemakethe zasekhaya kunye nokunciphisa imithintelo engqongqo. Kwakhona, inkqubela phambili ibonwa kwimfundo. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, ukunyuka okuphantsi kwexabiso eliyinkunzi kutyhubela ilizwe.

I-Kazakhstan kwinqanaba lomhlaba lokhuphiswano olufumene indawo yesi-53. Ngokuthelekisana nonyaka odlulileyo, oku kuyiphumo elibi kakhulu, kuba ilizwe liye lahla kwizithuba ezili-11. Ngokwezigaba ezi-5 ukusuka kwi-12, i-Kazakhstan iye yaphucula ngokuphawulekayo, enye i-7, ngokuchaseneyo, ibonisa i-regress. Kukho izinto eziye zachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-Index yoKhuphiswano lwe-Global 2016. I-Kazakhstan iye yaqhuba inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ubugcisa, imfundo yesibini kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo.

I-Ukraine ibonise umphumo ongekho. Wawa ukusuka kwengu-79 ukuya kwi-85. Iingxaki eziphambili zelizwe zizinzo kwezopolitiko, ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ulawulo lwentlalo kunye neerhafu eziphezulu.

I-Azerbaijan iphucule umphumo walo nyaka wokugqibela ngamanyathelo amathathu kwaye ithatha indawo engama-37. Ngoku eli lizwe liyinkokheli phakathi kwamazwe eCIS. Isiphumo esifanele siboniswe yiTajikistan, sisuka kwindawo yama-80 ukuya kwi-77. I-Armenia iphinde iphuculwe zizikhundla ezintathu kwaye iyakwindawo ye-79. Kodwa i-Moldova (100) kunye neKyrgyzstan (111) ziye zonakalisa ngakumbi ubungqina bazo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ilizwe liye lahla ngezikhundla ezili-16, kwaye ngowesi-9.