Ubunzima bemali - umxholo, iimpawu kunye nesakhiwo

Ukunikezelwa kwemali, ngokwenene, kugcinwe imali kwilizwe elinye. Isakhiwo saso siquka iibhanki kunye neengqekembe zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nemali engekho yemali kwi- akhawunti yebhanki ngokwayo kunye nabemi bayo - ngabanye kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. Ngelo xesha, umntu makangacinga ukuba kulungelelaniswe kunye nenkqubo yokuhlaliswa kwamatyala, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemali-mboleko, ekubeni ezi zikhokelo zikhokelela ukwanda okanye ukunciphisa inani lemali esetyenziswe kwelinye ilizwe.

Inkqubo yeeyunithi

Ukususela ngo-1992, imali enikezelwa ngemali eRashiya ibalwe ngoncedo lwamagqeba, aquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula izixhobo. Ezi zikhombisi zimela iqoqo ekhethekileyo yeakhawunti yeebhanki, ngokuqwalasela ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingekho kwemali ezifakwe kuzo kwixabiso lempahla elitsha elinokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. I-unit ye-M0 esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, equka zonke iintlobo zemali, ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuthengisa. Ukuba isakhiwo salo senziwe lula, sinika imali kunye nokuhlolwa kwefomu echongiweyo, enokutshintshaniswa kwibhanki yeebhili, okanye isetyenziswe njengeendlela ezizimeleyo zokuhlawula.

Isalathisi seM1 sandiswa, kwaye isakhiwo saso sibandakanya zombini izakhiwo zokuhlawula eziqhelekileyo kwiyunithi ye-M0 kunye nemali engekho imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanki yamanje neyokuhlawula. Kule meko, ukuthengiswa kwexabiso kuya kuba ngaphantsi, njengoko iifomethi zabemi kunye nemibutho esemthethweni ayinakuguqulwa ibe yimali.

Ukunikezelwa kwemali kuqikelelwa ngoncedo lweyunithi ye-M2, equka imali yamaphepha ejikelezayo kweli lizwe, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhlawula kunye nokuthenga, kubandakanywa nezibhanki, iibhasti zokutshintshiselana kunye neziqinisekiso zokupaka. Ifom engekho-cash yeli lathisi ibandakanya idipozithi zexesha ezise-akhawuntini yebhanki de kube sekupheleni kwekhontrakthi phakathi kommi kunye neziko lemali.

E-Rashiya, i-economics isebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kweM3 xa yenza uqikelelo lwemali yokubonelela, okubandakanya iziqinisekiso. Njengomthetho, ezi zibophelelo zemali-mboleko karhulumente , ezingenayo indlela yokuhlawula ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ziguqulwa zibe yimali yangempela, ukuba ezo ziqinisekiso zithengiswa kwiimarike ezivulekileyo.

Ulwakhiwo

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isakhiwo semali esingahlali singatshintshi, kuyahluka ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngoqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo lweemarike, inani leebhanki ezenziwa ngokusasazwayo alinyuli, kwaye urhulumente, abemi kunye namashishini abasebenzisa kakhulu imali ye-cashless kumakhadi eplastiki okanye kwi-akhawunti yebhanki ukwenza zonke iintlobo zeentlawulo. E-Rashiya, ukunikezelwa kwemali kunye nesakhiwo sayo kuyahluke kakhulu kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo kumazwe aseNtshona.

Ngoko, ngokubala malunga ne-42-65% yimivuzo yeekheshi, kwaye kuphela inxalenye encinci yimivuzo engekho yemali, kodwa ngonyaka, abemi bahlala behlawula ixabiso lempahla ethengiweyo okanye ukukhawulwa kwekhadi leplastiki. Kwaye ukuthengiswa kwemali kuhambelana nomlinganiselo wezo zonke izigqeba ezivela kwi-M0 ukuya kwi-M3, okuyiyo impawu ngexesha elithile. Utshintsho kumthamo wayo luxhomekeke kunyuka okanye ukuncipha kwinani leemali ekuhanjisweni, kunye nokwanda okanye ukuncipha kwinzuzo yabo.

Isakhiwo semali kuboneleli bezoqoqosho kufuneka sitshintshwe ukuze sigweme umngcipheko wokunyuka kwamaxabiso angalindelekanga. Iimpawu zecandelo ngalinye ziyahlolwa, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amanyathelo athatyathwa ukwenzela ukwandisa isabelo seendlela zokuhlawula. Ngokomzekelo, ukhuseleko lwelizwe lukhutshwe kwaye luthengiswa kuluntu, iinkqubo ziphuhliswa ukukhangela imali kubemi kwiibhanki ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zentlawulo.