UMlawuli Haile Selassie I: engobomi, abantwana, ukufota, kuchaphulo olu

Lo mlawuli yokugqibela Ethiopia, bagxothwa kwi yazibandakanya yasemkhosini ngo-1974, Haile Selassie mna, ebeyinganga impikiswano kakhulu. Ngexesha lakhe ofisi, yena wayesaziwa i lokumkani bakhanyiselwa kwaye esebenzayo, ogama ilizwe ayikho kuphela hayi koloni nabani kuye, kodwa waba lilungu epheleleyo yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo.

umlawuli impikiswano

Haile Selassie I wayebambe izikhundla zolawulo ukususela 1906, xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. -25, wamkela kwisihloko indlalifa isithsaba, kwaye ibamba yaye okunene waba ngumlawuli Ethiopia yakhe yedwa. Le lobuzwilakhe yathatha iminyaka engama-58.

Ixesha elide kangaka, Ethiopia iye bawongwa ngamazwe, waba lilungu lemibutho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezivumelwano kwaye ukwazile ukumelana amalinge walithimba inxalenye Italy. Haile Selassie I umbutho kwaye ikhokelwa yi-Organisation of African Unity, apho kamva waba i-African Union.

Zesidima kwaye lo mgaqo-nkqubo inkululeko yabantu babenqula ngumlawuli wabo. Yavela iminyaka ukunyukela kwitrone Rastafarianism ingqalelo kuye lwalo uYehova uThixo. Intshukumo inkolo bakhoyo igama laso igama Haile Selassie wayenxiba ukuya ibekwa. Kodwa hayi yonke yayilula kakhulu.

Ebudeni bolawulo Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia wahlala nesimo, ukubandezeleka kwizifo nendlala, nakuba ngaphezu uncedo ngokwaneleyo ukusuka zombini i-US kunye UK, kunye USSR. Nangona abantu bakhe babulawa ekufeni, umlawuli wayengomnye wabantu izityebi xesha, hayi kuphela e-Afrika, kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Ayimangalisi into yokuba loo mfazwe ziye zakhokelela imbono exananazileyo ubuntu bakhe kwimbali.

amagama

Igama owanikwa umlawuli elizayo ngabazali bakhe - Tafari. Eli gama liguqulelwe ukusuka Ge'ez ulwimi ngokuthi "lowo kufuneka ihlonitshwe kwaye boyika." Njengoko umntwana lentsapho amanene, yindlalifa elizayo kufuneka ukuba phambi kokuba igama abakuluhlu - Lidge, kwaye emva kokuba yesithathu igama likayise kunye, ngamanye amaxesha, utatomkhulu wakhe. Ngoko ke, igama umlawuli wokugqibela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Lidge Tafari Mekonnyn Voldemikael. Ekubhaptizweni, Tafari yaba igama siphile.Ngengama Haile Selassie, Oko kuthetha 'amandla kaBathathu Emnye. "

Wathabatha phezu kulawulo omnye kwimimandla Ethiopia, yaye kamva waba yindlalifa etroneni, umlawuli wangomso ndafumana irenki entsha - kwentlanga, obulingana inkosana Russian okanye Western Prince. Ngoku ke wacelwa Tafari Mekonnyn iintlanga. Eli ligama enikwe igama Rastafarianism.

Ekubeni wanyukela etroneni, Ras Tafari wayeza ukuthatha isihloko esitsha yasebukhosini. Wakhetha igama elinikiweyo kuye ekubhaptizweni kwakhe, waza waba uMlawuli Haile Selassie 1. mlawuli yedwa isihloko elizeleyo: King of Kings, inkokeli manenekazi, ingonyama - ophumeleleyo wesizwe sakwaYuda, Imperial wakhe mhlekazi, njengabanyulwa bakaThixo kunye ukuKhanya kwehlabathi.

Haile Selassie I: biography, le minyaka yokuqala

Lo mlawuli elizayo wazalwa ngoJulayi 23, 1892 kwilali encinane kwiphondo Edzhersa Goro Harar. Nguye lo mntwana seshumi uhlanga Mekonnyna, umzala * uKhesare of Ethiopia Menelik II. uyise Haile Selassie yaba irhuluneli Harar, umphathi oyintloko yomkhosi Ethiopian kwaye umcebisi komlawuli. Mekonnyna ubukhosi bayinzala uKumkani uSolomon kunye ukumkanikazi waseShebha.

Ngenxa indawo yayo ephezulu eluntwini, iintlanga Mekonnyn wakwazi ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo ebalaseleyo. Ekuqaleni le nkwenkwe uqeqesho kuthatha uMthetheleli baseKhaya, ngoko indela Order of the Capuchins, yaye emva - sisazinzulu evela Guadeloupe imvelaphi French. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-13 Tafari abe isihloko esitsha - dedzhazmach, okuhambelana Count yaseYurophu. Waza Tafari waba amava ulawulo yokuqala waza wamiselwa yirhuluneli Selaga kwiphondo encinane. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-15, Tafari olawula kwiphondo Sidamo, kodwa iminyaka eli-18 waqalisa ukulawula enjengozalwayo Harar.

Regency

Ekubeni kwi kwikhaya ulawulo lwephondo, Tafari wagqiba kangangexesha elithile ukuze uhlale lenkundla. Emva Ukuvuma etroneni ubudlelwane omtsha uMlawuli Ieyasu V phakathi kwentloko lizwe kunye Tafari ephawulekayo lupholile, wada waphulukana post yakhe irhuluneli Harar.

Ieyasu V waba uMlawuli ekuhleni kukhuza kwabo Islam waza waba sinxiba iqhiya, basabisa ukubiza Ethiopia - omnye yeentlanga zokuqala zamaKristu zehlabathi - Islam. neenjongo ezinjalo kakubi nje inkundla, yaye ngo-1916 ukuba uthatha ithuba lokungabikho soMhlekazi okwethutyana, wamsika, wazidla, wazibeka phezu kwetrone umkayisekazi, wamisa Tafari ibamba waza wamnika ugqatso isihloko.

Njengoko Umongameli de 1930, Ras Tafari kuthwalelwa phandle iinguqulelo ezininzi, phakathi kuyo iinguqu waziwayo yomkhosi kunye neenguqu kumgaqo-nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle. Tafari Mekonnyn waphakamisa umgangatho wemfundo, iseke izibonelelo ezisisiseko kunye nokubonelela nokupheliswa buso kobukhoboka. Yena izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo kunye kumazwe amaninzi kummandla kunye namagunya ehlabathini utyhalelwa Ethiopia ukuba uManyano Lwezizwe.

Ascension esihlalweni

Ekupheleni kuka-1930, i-ibamba ebekwe kwaye zakhiwe phezu kwetrone Ethiopian njengoko Haile Selassie I. ekumisweni wakhe akuzi nje bonke yabantu basebukhosini Ethiopian, kodwa abameli kwizikhundla abalawulayo amazwe aseYurophu. Imbeko yokuthatha isithsaba Photo Haile Selassie I yapapashwa uqweqwe lwemagazini Times.

guqula loMlawuli

imigaqo loHlaziyo ye umlawuli entsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo agxekwa amaxabiso kakhulu zemveli kunye focus ngendeb ekulondolozeni ezasebukhosini epheleleyo. Nkqu yamkelwa ngo 1931, okokuqala kwimbali-siseko Ethiopian imemezela amandla elililo womlawuli ukungafi.

Haile Selassie I wadala ipalamente bicameral. Egumbini eliphezulu koMlawuli Yeengwevu eyabelwe ngokuzimeleyo yaye yatyunjwa phakathi kweengqimba asezantsi elibusayo yezikhulu. wayeza ngokupheleleyo Ukuguqula njani ukuze khangela, kodwa akazange ukutshintsha imeko wamaTiyopiya zesiqhelo.

Ungqubano Italy

Ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1935 Italy aqala kulwa Ethiopia, waphule imida yayo, ukusuka Eritrea ukuwela umlambo Mareb kwaye ukusuka Somalia kwicala Harar. Haile Selassie ibhengeze kwilinge jikelele.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umkhosi kwenziwa iinguqu ezinkulu, umkhosi mTiyopiya sele kuphele olungalungiselelwanga ukuze imilo ezinkulu akazange abe kwezikhali esindayo. Against amatanki, kwibutho, iimbumbulu neziqhushumbisi , kwaye nkqu izixhobo zeekhemikhali amaKushi bexhobe nje indlela umpu. Uninzi ngabameli omkhosi engavumelekanga waya apho edabini ngemikhonto amakrele.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umlawuli ngokobuqu wakhokela umkhosi wakhe ukuya edabini, phakathi 1936, amaKushi boyiswa, kunye Haile Selassie mna, nabantwana, abazukulwana kunye gcinwa eduze werhuluneli wabaleka amazwe. abantu mTiyopiya amandla kwaye lwadanisa nomlawuli enyuliweyo.

Ngoxa esekuthinjweni, umlawuli liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wafuna uncedo US, UK kunye namanye amazwe. Kwintetho yakhe kwiBhunga uManyano Lwezizwe Haile Selassie, kuchaphulo olu ke leyo aya kuzo zonke iincwadi ezibalulekileyo, wasigweba ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwemichiza yi Italy. Ngowe-1940, ukunika inkxaso UK, wabuyela Ethiopia.

Ukunganeliseki e Ethiopia

Ukususela ngo-1941, lo mlawuli zibuyela wakhokela amadabi inkululeko Ethiopia yaye ngowe-1943 odakumbileyo kwimvukelo yokugqibela eentloko ezaxhobela Italian kunye nezizwe zabo engumKushikazi. Noko ke, igama ka Haile Selassie sele kuphe-, negunya aqhekeka akhe. Kwiinzame ukulungisa le meko kwaye lifune inkxaso kuphela begazi, kodwa ke abantu yoMlawuli yabamba iqela iinguqu, leyo owakubhangisayo okunene ubukhoboka, ukuba Ethiopia ukuba bonyule abameli bendlu esezantsi epalamente, wabhengeza inkululeko yokuthetha kunye nebandla.

Noko ke, Haile Selassie Ndandingekakulungeli ukuyeka amandla ingundoqo, ngoko ke, yaseka izixhobo eloyikekayo ingcinezelo, nto leyo akavumelekanga ukuba banandiphe amalungelo angundoqo kunye nokhuselo inkululeko yezopolitiko.

Akumangalisi ukuba phakathi kwabantu, kwakunye ukunganeliseki ekhula phakathi basebukhosini. kukungabikho utshintsho olubalulekileyo isebe yesigqeba nguzwilakhe okuqhubekayo umlawuli indlala elide kwiphondo Wollo, leyo kwabulawa amawaka wamaTiyopiya, kwakhokelela yokuba ngo-1960 kwakukho kwabhukuqwa d'AFP, leyo yadibana yi Crown Prince Asfa Uosen. Haile Selassie Ndakwazi ukucinezela mvukelo, kodwa ukunganeliseki kunye ulawulo lakhe akayekanga ukuzanga ubilise.

Revolution Ethiopia

Kwiminyaka eli-13 ezayo yokunganeliseki wamaTiyopiya zonke, waze ngo-1974 ngenxa sengqondo ngokungenankathalo ebantwini hayi ntlekele eyenzeka kweli lizwe. Indlala ikhula ubulele ngaphezulu kwama-200 amawaka abantu, yaye onke lawo elunxwemeni ukusinda. Military evela kwilizwe liphela ifuna ukwanda isiqulatho kwabo, baye inkxaso abasebenzi kunye nabafundi. Ngenxa kwindibano siseko Haile Selassie mna, ndayihluthwa amandla ezikhoyo kunye nezixhobo ezihamba karhulumente yabhukuqwayo. Endaweni yokuba urhulumente wempangelo waya emfazweni, isigqibo sokuqala apho ukubanjwa yonke indlu yakomkhulu.

Ngo-Agasti 1975, urhulumente emkhosini yavakalisa isigulo ngequbuliso soMhlekazi yangaphambili. Wafa ngoAgasti 27 eneminyaka engama-83 ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo. Uphando akazange ukwenza, kwaye umzimba alinikwa ngenxa yotyando. Abaninzi kurhanelwa ukuba inkokeli uphakamo yangaphambili uMlawuli Haile Selassie I wakrwitshwa Mengistu Haile Mariam.