Ceba Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Abantu abaninzi bayazi malunga injineli obalaseleyo Russian Ivan Kulibin. A nabasunguli ingakumbi izama ayixhaphakanga weva idilesi igama lakhe: "Wena ufana Kulibin" Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba elinesibini uphuhliso IP Kulibin enelungelo kuphela. Ngoku Ihlabathi uyazi ukuba Town wezakhiwo eyakhelwe zokwakha ezinzima-isigxina ibhulorho, kwaye yiloo nto Kulibin wasungula ngayo - andazi.

ungubani umsunguli

Ivan Petrovich wazalelwa Nizhny Novgorod ngo-1735. Okumangalisayo kukuba, usapho lwakhe ukuba abantu bafunda, yaye ngenxa yoko ke amandla oomatshini self-wafundisa italente obalaseleyo ngokwenene!

Family Ivan ezazikho ngeendleko yorhwebo abasakhasayo: uyise waye usomashishini osakhasayo Amakholwa Old, kunye nomama wakhe wayenza wokufama kwaye wanceda ukugcina akhawunti.

Ukususela kwiminyaka ekuqaleni le nkwenkwe waziva uvelwano olukhulu linikeza zoyilo lobunjineli kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeentlondi, ngelo xesha kwiilali bekungenjalo kakhulu. Kodwa bangi inkwenkwe inzululwazi akazange afune ukugcina iincwadi waya apprentice lokucheba locksmith abaqeqeshiweyo, ukujika horology.

amava Gain, Kulibin yenza iwotshi yayo yokuqala, ekhethekileyo unanamhla ehlabathini ukufumana. kwasungulwa Tiny owenza imisebenzi iiyure imfazwe, kwakunye ibhokisi umculo kunye yemiboniso elincinane. Ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wobugcisa iinkosi Nizhny Novgorod nako ukumelana naye uCatherine II - kwanika iwotshi yakhe, waza wamema Kulibina ukuba isebenze.

Ngowe-1769, uIvan ufumana indawo kwi Academy of Sciences, kwaye nithabathele kule mini ukhonza ngokuthembeka ngenxa ezilungileyo nenzululwazi Russian.

Nangona kunjalo, nje ezimbalwa fyabo ifumene ilungelo lomenzi olawulwa yi umninindlu ngasekunene. Uninzi imizobo kunye ubeko baye bahlala kuzaliseka umnqweno yinjineli.

Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezimbalwa kwemoto Kulibin, kodwa zange awodwa.

injini amanzi nesimbo

Kwimeko yabasebenzi imivuzo Burlatskii ngenkulungwane ye-18 ngomnye ndlela zixhaphakileyo ukususa iinkundla ngokuchasene ukuhamba imilambo, ngokunjalo emanzini anganzulwanga.

Ivan wagqiba ukuba aphelise abantu ukubandezeleka ukwazisa kwi kwinqanawa yobunjineli ishishini ezintsha - vane motor. Umgaqo zayo zokusebenza isekelwe phezu ubuchule bentshukumo iinqanawa usebenzisa izikhonkwane neentsontela - lehla laya kude phambi ankile ngentambo arhola inqanawa. Yaye ngoxa omnye kungekwamthwalo namkhombe "waye" ephosa enye - njalo on-line.

Kulibin lugqibelele le nkqubo. Ngoku, endaweni abaqeshwa intambo kukha inqanawa waba injini (ukuba ivili kunye iincakuba 2) esebenzisa amandla namanzi. design obonakala ilula kwaye lizinzile, nto leyo eya konga amandla amakhulu boatmen, kunye noosomashishini - amakhulu imali. Noko ke, emva kokuba lwenziwe uvavanyo ngempumelelo kwi intshukumo emkhombeni, 65-Tew iitoni lwemali yemveliso isanti.

Ngelishwa, le nto kuphela wasungula Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, kodwa akazange akwazi ukubeka up imveliso.

Ikheshi ye uKumkanikazi

Ukuguga uCatherine II ayifiki liyanyikima indlu lakwaWinter Palace. Ngoko Kulibin wanikwa umsebenzi obalulekileyo - ukuza zekheshi ngenxa uKumkanikazi ngokwakhe.

Into ngentambo i lift zange aphendule imeko engundoqo ukulungisa izintya eluphahleni Palace bazihambele ngokungqongqo. Isazinzulu namasu weza indlela efanayo umsebenzi kwesitulo ofisi okanye retaining nut: umkhonzi kulwenze emphinini, kwaye Screw lijikeleza emkhonweni, waphakamisa yaye bewuhlisele isihlalo. Ngelishwa, ilifti ngoomatshini unanamhla babengahlali. Emva kokufa uCatherine II engenamsebenzi wayebekwe ngezitena, kunye nelungelo wombhali kuphuhliso yayo Kulibin akazange efika. Yena elinye umxholo kwemoto Kulibin, kodwa ndicinga ukuba umntwana wabo abakwazanga.

ibhulorho

Ukuba umbono uCatherine II akazange asilele naye ngelo xesha, nto ithetha ukuba ekunene nayo owaseka ishishini kwebhulorho eSt Petersburg.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, uIvan iphuhlise kakhulu robust uyilo olunye-kweminwe kwebhulorho. Wokusungula lakhe, wasebenza kangangoko 30 iminyaka! Nangona yokuswela ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwimathematika yemvelo, yena, ngokulahleka, ngendlela esebenzayo kuye kwavula imithetho emitsha. Uncedo olukhulu ibhulorho kukuba ngaphantsi oku kudlula iinqanawa spilivaya umdlalo wabo.

Euler Great, ukuhlola imizobo inkosi wamangaliswa kukungabikho iimpazamo neempazamo kuzo. Potemkin ngokwakhe wakhetha imali ukwakha umfuziselo bhulorho, kodwa inkxaso yaphela.

Kunye neminyaka engama-30 kamva, lo wezakhiwo yodumo Bridge Town, kunganyuli Kulibin ukuba owasungula le kwebhulorho.

"Mkhulu 'emotweni

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uIvan Petrovich wasungula esingazihambeliyo isitulo esinamavili. Obonakala ngayo ifana kakhulu imoto, kodwa umgaqo yokusebenza lwahlukile. Esinamavili lunokwamkeleka ibhayisekile hybrid kunye nqwelo, njengoko isiphumo kwayo umntu ngokucinezela enyovwayo. Kukuyilwa for ixesha elithile wakhonza yokudlala ziingcungcu kuphela, kodwa ukuba axhase imveliso alo kwiminqweno akabonakalanga. Imizobo "imoto tatomkhulu" zitshone zisabonakala, yena ode waya kufikelela ngoku.

Musa ukubhidanisa stroller ukuba lasekwa Kulibin kunye veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. Lento yakhe ezinkulu umdla kakhulu: mhlaba waneleyo ezimbini, yaye veloekipazh ebusika yaba ebusika. Ndingathanda ukuqaphela i ukufana umdla: Uphuhliso Leonty Shamshurenkova of imveliso kwaye kungekho namnye eganiweyo, baza balahleka imizobo iintlondi zakhe.

I sokwenziwa lokuqala

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 Kulibin thaca kule Academy of Sciences yabaqeshwa "ukwazi"! Sokwenziwa kulingisa lomzimba asezantsi. Eyokuqala yaba ukwakhiwa Nepeytsyn uvavanyo - walahlekelwa umlenze uhlaselo Ochakov, kwaye ngoku kwenkomfa umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni! Noko ke, Ivan Kulibin ukuba basungula umlenze wakhe omtsha, wabanika lisisiqalo uloyiso yakhe entsha! Ngenxa yoko, Nepeytsyn wonyuselwa ukuba jikelele ezinkulu yaye bafumana isiteketiso funny Iron umlenze.

inkqubo Spotlight imizimba iinqanawa, yocingo enombala, le projekthi ye kwebhulorho intsimbi phezu iVolga - uluhlu elincinane izinto wasungula Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Iifoto kunye nemizobo ezininzi kubo, ngelishwa, kwasinda. Noko ke, ubuqaqawuli kanye inkumbulo le ndoda ngokungaqhelekanga kufuneka sihlale ezintliziyweni zethu!