Iimbumbulu iziqhushumbisi: isixhobo, ukusetyenziswa ngokuzingela imbali indalo

Iimbumbulu zivutha esetyenziswa imfazwe nokuzingela. Nangona imingcele esele zisebenza nabo ngexesha lethu, yaye wenza ezabo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isixhobo eyahlukileyo, kunye zizicatshulwa isenzo, ngoko ke kufuneka uqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

History of the iimbumbulu eziqhumayo

Ngu iimbumbulu ingxa- kusebenza ulwazi kakhulu ziphikisana malunga nokusetyenziswa kompu ngexesha Second World War. imithombo esemthethweni cwaka ekusetyenzisweni kwabo, kodwa uncwadi kwimbali yobomi akuthethi ukufihla oku. Ezi nemoto ziye kwinkonzo kunye omabini, kodwa ke ambalwa. Aviation waye umboleki aphambili imveliso ezimbaxa yaye kubize hlobo.

Iintlobo emthethweni kusetyenziswa akazange athathe ingqalelo, kwinqanaba lokuqala yemfazwe. Ngehlobo lowe-1943 oogqirha iingceba ngembumbulu e amanxeba ezithandabuzekayo zifunyenweyo. Iziphumo zophando kwaziswa umkhosi. Ekubeni ulwazi ekuvelisweni neekhatriji umonakalo cwaka, sinokugqiba ukuba beza ngemipu.

Iimbumbulu kunye ophetheyo ingxa- kusetyenziselwa ukulwa moya utshaba kwinkulungwane XVIII kwaye yenziwa kutshintshwa imbumbulu kunye enkcochoyini ukulenza. iibhaloni lahluleka efunekayo ukusetyenziswa oluyimfihlo ngakumbi ifuthe uyilo kunye primer, osebenza kwicandelo phezulu, kwaye ngenxa yokwaphuka izixhobo elide ikepusi lalo ingontsi kwi emngxunyeni ibekwe phezu encotsheni imveliso. Ngowe-1916, kunye caphukisayo isigxina kwibhulethi wangena British inkonzo Army.

Action iimbumbulu eziqhumayo

Ekubeni ezininzi enjalo neekhatriji iziphoso ezinxulumeneyo. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni inkcazelo kuyinyaniso, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni na isixhobo i bullet Uyadubula. Ziqulethe capsule iqokobhe, ifuse kobethileyo Uyadubula.

bullet lahluleka yimpumelelo ngenxa yokuba ukuba uqalisa inani elikhulu ngamaqhekeza. Ukuba ufaka emzimbeni, umntu uba amathuba okusinda. Noko ke, le Iimboniselo ziye wavalwa ukuze zisetyenziswe kubasebenzi lutshaba, kodwa oku akusebenzi kwiimeko apho kukho umzabalazo kunye moya kunye nezithuthi vehicles.

iCartridge zivutha sihambisana isigxina of umonakalo, nto leyo xa wadibana njengomqobo detonates. Ezi Iimboniselo kuba zililize ekungekho nzuzo iindleko eziphezulu kwimveliso, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kuba isicelo ilahleko eninzi kwezithuthi vehicles musa ukusebenzisa iimbumbulu, ngokuba abanako ukwenza isimangalo elaneleyo kulo. Nangona zezona ezisetyenziswa kwi ekujoliswe air utshaba. Iimbumbulu zivutha kuhluka kuyilo yabo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi babe isimiso esifanayo.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo ngembumbulu edubulayo zokuzingela

Phosakeleyo ngokuthi ugcwele izixhobo kunye ngembumbulu yanto elula Front, leyo xa angene njengomqobo ukuqhekeka. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuba deformation bullet ngenxa amandla nempembelelo. Kufuneka ukuba babenolwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kubo, ukuze siqonde isihloko zolwimi ngokunzulu.

bullet Mead

Uninzi endala ingabizwa eqine bullet, leyo yaqanjwa Mead. Ine- iqokobhe engaphandle eyenziwe yepeyinti iqokobhe engaphakathi ungqukuva ezenziwe ngobhedu. I phambi kokuba inomngxuma ebalelelwe lilanga kunye zibuphekhashini, ukuhlelwa, ngasemva - endlebeni umsila ngentambo. Ngenxa ebusweni bakhe bullet hits imbewu target. Products ngaphandle nomsila isetyenziselwe nemigqomo ziphangwe. umatshini yabo ibe yinto iziqhushumbisi zokudubula, nto leyo lixhotyiswe umsonto wokhela iigesi powder.

Iimbumbulu Frangible imilo setyhula

Iimbumbulu Round andikulingene ingqalelo kwiipropati zabo weave. Ithe yakwaphula mpela ngaphakathi, ibiya umonakalo, kukho umthamo encinane lula kakhulu imbumbulu. ordnance kwegunya indlela moya, yaye ulahlekelwa isantya yayo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. ukusebenza ngokwanelisayo engenakufunyanwa ngemadlana encinane kuqamba Uyadubula.

bullet side

Iimbumbulu lume iphelele ngakumbi. Zinelungelo ubude ezingama-26 mm. Apho ubukhulu ngokubanzi 14.9 mm, ubudeki void - 5.5 mm kunye nobunzulu yayo - 14 mm. 0.2 g powder nomsi igalelwe ityhubhu oxwebhu metal, nto leyo lifakwa kwijelo zezindlu. Phambi ityhubhu utyhalelwa Isingxobo, a nzulu kweli imbumbulu. Ukuze ikhuselekile echibini ukutshayela ilahleko kunokwenzeka, akhokele liqengqiwe, esesiphelweni bullet. Le mveliso lisetyenziswa imipu ziphangwe ziyilelwe nokuzingelwa kwezilwanyana eziyingozi enkulu. Kubo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iimbumbulu neziqhushumbisi 12 ukuvuleka, ukuze ayeke lo mdlalo mkhulu.

bullet umonakalo Ushakov

bullet zivutha Ushakov inalo isikhonkwane endaweni kwimibhobho. Ngaphezu koko, lo philisi imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwi emazantsi ijelo zezindlu. Ukuxabana ophethe phambi isikhonkwane kwiplagi liphuma phambili. Ukunciphisa le uvakalelo, loo nto asisifutshane okanye atyhale phambili ukusuka philisi. Ukuze isicelo ezi ezakhiwe egudileyo-owazala gun, kufuneka unikeze ukusabela iimbumbulu warhead phambili. Oku kunokwenziwa kuqhotyoshelwe nomsila emthini.

Ukusetyenziswa ngembumbulu edubulayo zokuzingela

Ukuzingela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo iimbumbulu isetshenziswe ukuyeka amandla nokuchaneka obethe ngawo. Ngokutsho ifomula Zhossera, eyokuqala i parameter lilingana imveliso kwindawo umnqamlezo wecandelo imveliso kwi yayo namandla entshukumo. Oku akubandakanyi isixhobo emthethweni.

Ukuqwalasela iimpawu zolwakhiwo ngembumbulu ukuba imikhono okuzingela, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye iimbumbulu kwakusitsho "uJacques." ziyenyuka ukuba ukuyeka amandla, kodwa kwimeko sokudubula ematyholweni ukuvula ngokwaneleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukufumana.

Kude kube kamva nje, ukuba neekhatriji kunye inyathelo efanayo njengesifundo ukuba abazingeli. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i "niche" ezamahala ahlala "engayi" neekhatriji, ebe i ezintsha kubo inxaxheba kurhwebo lwasemakhaya. EYurophu, baye ixesha elide wabonisa okuhle.

Iimbumbulu zivutha ukusuka umvelisi 'engayi "iya kuba buyafuneka xa kuzingela kwiindawo kunye ukubonakala lunqongophele ehlathini. Ukuba isilwanyana ubonakala engqondweni, ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukudubula nokufumaneka. Iziqhushumbi projectile yenze ekwaziyo ixhama, yasendle okanye ibhere. Ukukhetha ukuhlala umzingeli, yeyiphi kungcono ukukhetha nemoto. Iimbumbulu zivutha uya kuba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngakumbi, kodwa malini ngaphezulu.

Iimbumbulu eziqhumayo for airguns

abalandeli lokudubula ukusuka womoya isikhali ukungabikho ibuhlungu ngokuthengisa iimbumbulu kunye isixhobo. Ubukho babo ayiboneleli nantoni na kodwa kuqhume ezikhwankqisayo. Ukongeza, ukuba azame ukwenza iimbumbulu edubulayo xa idibene ngezandla zakhe. Phambi ukuthemba iindlela esicetywayo, amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka kwi kwiiforam, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucinga kakuhle. Xa engekho amava kunye nolwazi entsimini emthethweni angafanele kobuxhakaxhaka. Phezu detonation of ngembumbulu ezenziwe ekhaya rhoqo kude umsila. Ngaloo ndlela ke fly ngesantya esiphezulu kwi utolo.

Okunye kaninzi sonke iimbumbulu neziqhushumbisi ngenxa airguns 4.5, njengoko le abanjalo encinane. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba imixube silungiselwe ngembumbulu discontinuous womoya anqanda eziyingozi chemical. Baya ityhefe macala onke. Phambi kokuba wenze edubuleyo ngokwaphula ngezandla zabo, kufuneka ucinge into yokuba ifuthe obethe zinokubiza neziphumo ezibi.

bullet zivutha "lule-lule"

Ingaba igama elinikiweyo ukuya ekwandiseni iimbumbulu. Yokuba izinto ezikhethekileyo, leyo ukwandisa ubukhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo. Oku kwenzeka xa ifika ukuba izihlunu yabantu okuthambileyo, kwaye longezwe amandla alo lokubulala.

Nobubanzi wabiza ubuchule kwibhulethi ukunyusa ubukhulu apho ekuqaleni. Benza nje kuphela emzimbeni kodwa nayiphi na enye indawo ethambileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimbumbulu kwakusitsho "lule-lule 'eyalelweyo ukuze zisetyenziswe izixhobo zomkhosi. Noko ke, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo ngokuzingela self-yokuzikhusela. Sebenzisa kuqwalaselwa iimbumbulu engamkelekanga yonke emkhosini-style iqokobhe.

Kangangethuba elide ukuba handguns ezisetyenziswa ngembumbulu elithambileyo lead ngaphandle iqokobhe kunye bodidi enkulu. Umzekelo, ingaba iimbumbulu neziqhushumbisi 12 abanjalo. Xa lesitofu kokusingqongileyo ithambile bekhula ubukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ziyakwazi bahambe yokwenzakala ebalulekileyo nje irhamncwa kunye nendoda. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, emkhosini waqalisa ukuya kwi umpu kunye bodidi encinane.

Ezi nemoto ke kaninzi nako ukumelana nengcinezelo kwakhiwa msi wompu kwi izixhobo umphanda. Inoku engqondweni, i-abayili baqalisa ukusebenzisa imveliso, ebe iqokobhe phezu undoqo yokukhokela. into eyenziwe ngentsimbi efana ubhedu, intsimbi, ubhedu kunye cupronickel. Ezi nemoto abasendleleni umphanda rifling ukuthembeka ngaphandle angayihlambeli.

"Dum-lule" kwakusitsho iimbumbulu ziye zavalwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-Convention Hague ngo-1899. Esi sibhengezo sele sivunyiwe kwaye sisayinwe kumazwe elinesihlanu. Elinanye States Bazila ngemvume. Esinye isizathu sokuba zokwamkelwa isimemezelo uluntu. Ukongeza, iimbumbulu waba ngesantya esiphezulu-flight, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kunciphisa umgama zabo. Kulo mzekelo, bullet "lule-lule 'ulitshitshisile kunye vee ngaphakathi wompu, akore ukhokelo lwabo. Enye ethile le deformation le iCartridge ngexesha yokufayilisha evenkileni. Oku kukhokelela ekulibazisekeni ukudubula okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo izixhobo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngembumbulu iziqhushumbisi kwinkulungwane xxi

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le iimbumbulu abalindelekanga ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo, phezu kwako nje ukuvalwa ezikhoyo ngokusetyenziswa emkhosini. Kuyafuneka ukuba enze imisebenzi, yeyona iphambili na ukunyuka ukuyeka amandla emthethweni. Akukhathaliseki uhla badubula. Le meko isebenza pistols kunye shotgun nokuzingela. Zisebenza ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini imfazwe nokuzingela. Ezithandwa kakhulu ukuba side iimbumbulu vozdushki discontinuous.

Ukongeza, ukuba asetyenziswe, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ushiye umdlalo kwabangxwelerhiweyo phakathi izilwanyana eziya nakanjani. Umgangatho efanayo ubenze athandwa imisebenzi wamapolisa. Oku kuchazwe ngamandla ukumisa eziphakamileyo, kwaye linokuba ophantsi embetha kukopha ekujoliswe kulo, leyo ishenxisa ithuba kwababemi amadlelo.