Lokubhukuqa, Ngubani na lo, yaye njani ukuba omnye?

Abo baba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukwazi ukuthanda ukufunda (yaye namhlanje, ngelishwa, hayi kangako), kwi iinoveli Viktora Gyugo kunye Lva Tolstogo amagama "lokubhukuqa." Ngubani na kucace engxoxweni lwenzelwe Bonapart uNapoleon. Kulo mzekelo, inkcazelo umongo kucacile ukuba ezigwebayo kwindalo, kwaye umlawuli French engafuni ukunxiba isiteketiso enjalo. Kuthetha ukuthini?

Idemokhrasi usurpation

Namhlanje ingqalelo polity lwentando yesininzi apho amandla yahlulahlulwe yaba amasebe amathathu, xa esineendidi, njenge dragon okanye dragon yinyoka. Zowiso kumazwe ahlukeneyo ekuthiwa iingcinga, radami, Reichstag, rigsdagami, senates kunye nezinye ifane neelwimi ukuyilwa ilizwi, njengoko Kuyacaca inkcazelo yayo jikelele, ukuvelisa khowudi, ukulungiswa, umgaqo-siseko, okanye utshintsho kuwo. Ngoko ke ukwenza intando lwabavoti. Isebe yesibini - le yesigqeba, njengoko umthetho engcono ngamampunge ngokupheleleyo ukuba ukuthobela yayo ubuncinane ezinye labemi karhulumente alizithathi kuyimfuneko. Kwaye ke amandla wesithathu - iijaji, nto leyo inxaxheba kwiingxoxo kwiimeko apho imigaqo kunjalo badlwengulwe abemi ngabanye zingqondweni, apho uninzi uluvo nto kubaluleke kangaka. Ezi zonke ubuqili karhulumente lenzululwazi esemthethweni ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa yintoni lokubhukuqa? Intsingiselo yegama elithi Latin «usurpatio» (ukufunyanwa yento) ibonakalisa malunga ye indlela yesenzo umntu adalwe eyiyeyabantu ziintlungu neempazamo izithethe elungileyo lwentando yesininzi.

Lokubhukuqa. Ngubani na lo?

Xa imo yomthetho, nokuba isidanga yayo yedemokhrasi (oku kuba kwiriphabliki, nobukumkani, nobukumkani, kwaye Sultanate yohlobo oluthile, okanye caliphate) lonke ixesha sisekho yayo kukho ubudlelwane ezithile zentlalo, eyayiqwalaselwe eqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi eziqhelekileyo. Abantu bazalwa kunye nemiyalelo, owabanyusayo phezu kumasiko ookhokho babo, bayazi into abo yaye yintoni na, nokuba imfundo yomthetho abanazo, okanye abanye babo akakwazi ukufunda. Kwaza ngequbuliso usebenzisa amandla lokubhukuqa. "Ngubani na yena, yaye kutheni usibonisa indlela ubomi?" - bezibuza ngabemi abaqhelekileyo, hayi ifihla umsindo wakhe nengqumbo. Kweli nqanaba, umlawuli omtsha, balidla ilifa amagunya kuzo zonke ezi amasebe karhulumente arrogated ukuya ngokwayo kunye nelungelo isigqibo ndedwa (uhlobo collective, ukuba iqela benza iyelenqe kumandla), qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa amandla aphuthume isiyaluyalu. Terror - a usurpation satellite linegunya, Indawo nguzwilakhe ngaphandle akunakwenzeka.

Le usurpers edume

Eyona idumileyo - baye bathi Bonaparte, owaba umlawuli yokuqala French, ide ookumkani nje walawula eParis. uzwilakhe waseRoma Yuliy Tsezar kwakhona bababamba kuphela amandla, ukuba wawusele senkulungwane phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu. Avgust Oktavian waseka bonke uBukhosi omkhulu baseRoma, le trone ayikho iindlela ngendlela echanekileyo. Isono efanayo kunye IsiNgesi King Henry the Seventh. Ngenxa yoko, waba mdibi ebhotwe emkhosini yaba uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, ngubani bagxothwa indoda yakhe.

Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kumazwe amaninzi, kakhulu, kwabakho lokubhukuqa. Ngubani eRashiya - Kerensky, yazeka zasebukhosini, uLenin, ababamba uRhulumente Provisional okanye Stalin, ngokuthe ngcembe walungisa kunye Politburo kwegalelo Lenin kaThixo, ukuba phezulu ukuya mbali, kodwa yintoni umlinganiselo ngamnye kubo kuhlawulwa yi-nkcazelo. UMussolini, uHitler, kwaye nkqu Jikelele de Gaulle, abathatha phezu izintso amandla kwaye yokungenelela inyathelo kwamaziko entando yesininzi, kakhulu, njengelungelo ethandabuzekayo ukuba ebizwa ngokuba. Loo nto singasathethi ezinye oozwilakhe, oozwilakhe maxa wambi (ezifana waseHaiti Duvalier), okanye nabavukeli wangumququzeleli lwamazwe eLatin American. Ngamanye amaxesha usurpation kuluncedo kwaye kuyimfuneko umlinganiselo, ingakumbi xa lizwe kufutshane kokuwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa iziphumo senzo kuye kugwetywa iziphumo.

lokubhukuqa computer

Le hero of the game - lokubhukuqa waseMelika. Uye iimpawu zakhe ezingabonakaliyo, oko kukuthi, nezikrweqe, iimela, imixwayo, iibhutsi, iiglavu kunye enje izinto exotic nezixhobo zokusebenza bracers. Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, abadlali musa ukucinga malunga kwicala ethical yenjongosenzi kokuva kwakhe ubunzima, kubalulekile ukuba kufikelelwe kwinqanaba wathembisa kwaye zifake zonke kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nabadlala bendingade ndinqwenele ukuba impumelelo xa umsebenzi wabo.