I-African Union (AU) - ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe koorhulumente. Injongo, iLungu States

Ihlabathi mihla kuluntu multipolar. Eyaziwa ngumbutho interstate kumazwe aseYurophu, njengoko European Union. Ngu umzekeliso lo mphakathi kumazwe aseAfrika ebuzinzisile nokudaleka sobummandla - i-African Union.

Umhla ukusekwa umbutho

Umhla wombutho nangoku wamiswa ngokucacileyo. Uluntu jikelele uyakuqonda birthday Union-9 Julayi 2002. Abathathi-nxaxheba yombutho ingqalelo umhla ongumsunguli May 26, 2001. Kutheni kukho ukungangqinelani onjalo?

Ummiselo osemthethweni zokusekwa kwe-African Union yamkelwa ngoSeptemba 1999 kwintlanganiso engaqhelekanga yeentloko Afrika karhulumente Libya (in Sirte). Kunyaka olandelayo, ukuba iphumeze isenzo kwi ukusekwa kwe-AU summit e Lome (Togo) wavakalisa ukusekwa kweManyano. NgoMeyi 2001, amahlanu ananye ilizwe Afrika uwamkele benze bathetha zemfundo. Ngoko usuku lokuqala.

37 Assembly OAU ngoJulayi kulo nyaka eLusaka (capital of Zambia) iye yavuma amaxwebhu esisiseko echaza isiseko somthetho kunye nesixhobo bombutho omtsha. Ukumiselwa Charter iye indawo OAU Charter, nto leyo isiseko esisemthethweni lonke ixesha lenguqu ukusuka AU ukuya AOE (eyathatha ngonyaka). NgoJulayi 9, 2002 okokuqala le summit AU livulekile, eyayibanjelwe e Thekwini (eMzantsi Afrika). Kuwo wakhetha Ngumxelelanisi kwizizwe zase Afrika, Mongameli woMzantsi Afrika, umongameli wokuqala we-African Union. BaseYurophu ingqalelo oku ekuqaleni kwembali of the African Union.

Kubanga of Union

I-African Union umbutho inkulu States kwelizwekazi leAfrika. kubangelwa lanyuka ukusuka utshintsho kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ehlabathini emva kokuba lokusekwa interstate umbutho wokuqala kumazwe aseAfrika.

Emva ukuzimela, elinesixhenxe amazwe ase-Afrika ngo-1960, ngokuthi "unyaka ka-Afrika", iintloko zabo baye bagqiba ekubeni ukusebenza kunye ukusombulula iingxaki asakhulayo. Emva ngo-1963 eli lizwe bajoyine imigudu yabo phakathi sikhokelo koMbutho woManyano Afrika. Eyona njongo iphambili yale nemibutho inter-state kwezopolitiko ikwazizinto: ukukhuselwa inkululeko yesizwe lwesidima States, uphuhliso intsebenziswano phakathi amazwe Union, isisombululo kweembambano indawo, intsebenziswano kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ingqalelo kwintsebenziswano ngamazwe.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uninzi iinjongo ukuba wenziwe. Ngenxa kwiinguqu ezimandla-sikhokelo intsebenziswano ngamazwe nemingeni emitsha abajongene kumazwe aseAfrika. Ngenxa ye-OAU, kwagqitywa ukwenza ezihlangwini kunye neenjongo ezintsha. Imeko yezoqoqosho ngoku Afrika kufuna ukucingwa le iindlela latest olusebenzayo ekusombululeni iingxaki.

Umehluko omkhulu

Akhiwa yeemanyano amazwe Afrika siyile saza saqala ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo kwezoqoqosho NEPAD (oonobumba bokuqala begama IsiNgesi New Partnership for Africa Development) - «kobuDlelwane obuTsha boPhuhliso"-Afrika. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uphuhliso dalnesrochnoe ithi ngokusekelwe kuhlanganiso kunye nezinye kunye alinganayo nentsebenziswano ngamnye kunye noluntu jikelele.

Transition Union kwi iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo ephambili phezu ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho, njengoko imbali ibonisa, zibe nefuthe kuyingenelo kwi ngesisombululo iingxaki ezikhoyo amazwe aseAfrika. Oku kuthetha ukuba umahluko ophambili phakathi OAU kunye AU. intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho ithi icetyelwe ngaphandle uzama ukutshintsha ukwahlukana ekhoyo zopolitiko nezolawulo.

Injongo yalo mbutho

Eyona njongo ephambili ukuhlanganiswa ezikhethiweyo loqoqosho lwase-Afrika. intsebenziswano lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, uhamba kunye nekhuthaza umanyano kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ejoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo zokukhusela ulongamo kunye nokudalwa kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo ubomi zabantu baseAfrika.

imisebenzi ephambili

Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo imiyalelo ezisisiseko umsebenzi, basebenzisane njengengxaki of the African Union. Kwindawo yokuqala uphuhliso kunye kukomeleza ukudityaniswa Afrika amanqanaba ezentlalo nezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Ukuze sibe nokumiliselwa kufuna ukuphunyezwa Injongo yesibini: ukukhusela umdla yabantu belizwekazi ngokukhuthaza ukuba kwinqanaba ngamazwe. Ukusuka ezimbini imisebenzi yokuqala ilandelayo, ngaphandle ezenza kube nzima ukufezekisa ukuphunyezwa engaphambili: ekugcinweni koxolo onke amazwe kwilizwekazi kunye nokhuseleko lwabo. Kwaye ke umngeni lokugqibela: Ukwakha amaziko wedemokhrasi kunye nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu.

States - amalungu Union

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Union Afrika iquka ezingamashumi amahlanu anesine lithi. Ukuba ubani ucinga ukuba kwilizwekazi lase-Afrika ibekwe kumazwe amahlanu anesihlanu anantlanu ithi lwabhalwa kwaye self-wavakalisa esithi, kuba phantse onke amazwe aseAfrika. Enyanisweni, umanyano nolo lwamazwe ase musa ukungena ebukumkanini Morocco, echaza izizathu izigqibo zakhe ngokungekho mthethweni kwi Union ukuba kwiSahara Koloni. Morocco ugqala nommandla wayo.

Amazwe kwi-African Union, kungekhona ngelo xesha. Inkoliso yabo wabaseki Organisation of African Unity ngo-1963. Emva inguqu OAU, bonke baya kungena African Union. Ngowe-1963, i-sesihlanu amabini ka May, umbutho wabasebenzi ziquka: Algeria, Benin (de-1975 waseDahomey), Burkina Faso (de-1984 Upper Volta), Burundi, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, i-Democratic Republic of the Congo, iYiputa, Cameroon, Congo, Côte Ivoire (de-1986 eyaziwa ngokuba Ivory Coast), Madagascar, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Libya, Morocco (arhoxa uManyano 1984), Niger, eRwanda, Senegal, Uganda, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Nigeria, Tunisia, Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia. NgoDisemba, weshumi elinesithathu mnyaka, OAU weza eKenya.

Ukwandisa ubungakanani ilizwekazi ukuya Union

Ngowe-1964, i-OAU waba Tanzania - Januwari 16, Malawi - 13 Julayi, Zambia - 16 Disemba. Gambia wazibandakanya ngo-Oktobha 1965, Botswana - Oktobha 31, 1966. 1968 zahlangana kwezinye amazwe umbutho amathathu: Mauritius, Swaziland - 24 Septemba 1968, Equatorial Guinea - 12 Oktobha. EBotswana, eLesotho, Guinea-Bissau wajoyina umbutho-19 Oktobha 1973. Kwaye ngo 1975 wajoyina Angola - February 11, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde, Comoros ngomhla we-18 kuJulayi. Juni 29, 1976 Union zincediswa Seychelles. Djibouti wazibandakanya nabanye eUnited Juni 27, 1977, Zimbabwe (ilizwe labantu abahluphekayo njengoko ibizwa) - ngo-1980, Western Sahara - February 22, 1982. Ekupheleni koo-kwakhona kwakhokelela ekwandeni kwenani lamalungu Organisation of African Unity: Namibia wazibandakanya ngo-1990, May 24, 1993 waba lilungu Eritrea, Juni 6, 1994 - South Africa. Urhulumente lokugqibela ifumene ubulungu kwi Union Afrika ngoJulayi 28, 2011, iye South Sudan.

Ukwahluka lamazwe inxaxheba

Izithethi zibandakanya ilizwe mngeni zalo zophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ekhula. Thina sibonise abanye babo.

Country Nigeria ayikho enasilela ngayo kwamanye iAfrika indawo yokuqala ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Noko ke, oko kuphela ndawo elinesine kule ndawo nommandla wayo. Ukususela ngo-2014 urhulumente uye ube ngumlimi phambili yeoli e-Afrika.

Guinea-Bissau - lelinye lamazwe ihlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini, yenye phezulu ezintlanu. Le Iidipozithi ioli owayesisityebi webauxite phosphate nje kuphuhliswa. Eyona umsebenzi labemi - lokuloba kunye nerayisi ukulima.

Ilizwe abampofu exhalabisa Senegal. Uphuhliso iidipozithi zegolide, neoli, intsimbi kunye nobhedu wenziwa kakuhle. State baphila mali uncedo evela kwamanye amazwe.

Cameroon - lilizwe elinezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, le yimeko eziphawulekayo oovimba ioli, zeeteksi elinanye phakathi kwamazwe oli-ukuvelisa eAfrika. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukubiza urhulumente self-ngokwaneleyo lizwe. Kwelinye icala, isiqingatha sabantu bayo ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko.

migomo enzulu

Ukubaluleka imfazwe phakathi kwamazwe amabini kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kusekwe umgaqo esisiseko ye-AU. nookopolotyeni bezizwe ngezizwe kunye Israyeli bendawo unomdla wokufumana amalungelo obunini nesimilo yesibambiso yezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo kummandla kweli lizwekazi. Ukuthintela iimbambano kunokwenzeka bexhobile ukuqatshelwa imida karhulumente amalungu emibutho nokuba bazimisele ukulungiselela ixesha impumelelo yabo inkululeko eyamkelekileyo.

Union wathabatha ilungelo lokuqondisa ukungenelela kwimicimbi amalungu States lombutho, ukuba ngaba eso sigqibo senziwe esithathwini-onke amalungu eNdibano of IiNtloko zoMbuso nezooRhulumente. Esi sigqibo kunye nokusetyenziswa koko amajoni i-AU kunokwenzeka kwimeko kohlanga nxamnye nezizwe ezithile, ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye noluntu kunye namacala empi.

Isiko ezintsha

Umgaqo omtsha kukuba ziiNtloko kaRhulumente, ezeza yamandla mthethweni, ukuze zisetyenziswe isithethi ayivumelekanga. Kuba ukucaphukisa amazwe enikiweyo uluhlu kwezohlwayo ukusuka ukunqunyanyiswa yokuvota kwiNdibano ophela nomhla wentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho. Amanyathelo ejoliswe ekwandiseni luxanduva iintloko karhulumente.

Kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele AU ibambelela siseko wentsebenziswano kunye Non-obekwe luxelwa Charter yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.

abasemagunyeni Ulwakhiwo

INdibano of IiNtloko zoMbuso nezooRhulumente kwi intloko amagunya otshatsheleyo African Union kwaye ukuhlanganiswa kanye ngonyaka. Isebe elilawulayo kumanyelwe Commission AU. Kaloku unyulo nguSihlalo weKomishoni AU kunye AU unyulo usihlalo zibanjwa kanye ngonyaka. I-OAU lenze uhlobo yesithethe: usihlalo we-African Union intloko State apho Le ngqungquthela. Ubume karhulumente kuquka ngokukhetha wePan African Parliament (VAP).

Namajaji yonganyelwe yiNkundla Union, apho ukufakwa yaba ilizwe eNigeria. Ukusombulula ingxaki zonke-Union wadala African Central Bank, Monetary Fund-Afrika, i-African Investment Bank. Njengoko kuyimfuneko, iNdibano unelungelo ukulungiselela iikomiti ezizodwa zobugcisa ukujongana imicimbi engxamisekileyo. Ngoko ke, kwavela i Union kuqoqosho, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu. Ngo-2010, abantu kwasekwa, ekuqaleni indawo yimikhosi zengingqi sezizwe.

I-African Union Commission inamalungu ezisibhozo. Abasetyhini akhawunti ukuba inkoliso yabo (ezintlanu ezisibhozo). Regulations on the GSA lithethelela ukuba ungene abafazi ababini phakathi masekela ezintlanu mandatory evela kwilungu union ngalinye likarhulumente.

Uvale Centre kunye African Administration Union e Ethiopia e Addis Ababa sixeko.

Namathemba uphuhliso of the African Union

kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye lidla ukuphepha iimeko ezingalindelekanga, ukunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi ekubeni kusekwe kwaye nokuphuhlisa izakhiwo supranational. Namhlanje, imibutho koorhulumente ngamazwe Tyhila ukuya embindini iinzame ukusombulula iingxaki zehlabathi namhlanje. Ukuhlanganisa kumazwe aseAfrika, nto leyo becala kuba kudidi bahluphekayo, yenzelwe ukuba bamanyane sizama ukuphelisa unobangela isizukulwana lukarhulumente mendicant.

NJENGOKO ithatha bobabini ekhoyo phambi kwakhe nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe koorhulumente: OAU kunye NPP (i-African Community Economic). Imisebenzi izityalo zamandla enyukliya, eyenzelwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesine (ukusukela 1976) akazange akwazi ukumelana neziphumo ezingalunganga jikelele. indawo efanele ukuba izithethi eyenzelwe.