UMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov njenge yeelwimi. Lomonosov malunga nolwimi

Oku ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kubizwa ngokuba uyise lenzululwazi Russian kunye nenkcubeko. Kuzo zonke mveliso, apho uMikhail wayesebenza, wayeshiye umkhondo eqaqambileyo uze uzise ihlabathi ezifunyaniswe ezininzi kakhulu.

Ethetha of uMikhail Vasilyevich

Ngokungafaniyo oontanga babo lunxano bafune ulwazi, nokuba besebancinane, wafunda ukulesa nokubhala.

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, lo mfana iya eMoscow, sizenza ukuba ukutyelela lakomkhulu, nguye njengomfundi kwi Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, apho kamva wafumana ukulungiselela kakuhle sethiyori ngokugqibeleleyo ziinkosi yesiLatini. Emva koko, ngo-1736, watshintshelwa eSt Petersburg Academic University, apho ekuhambeni kwexesha iya kuthunyelwa eJamani ukufunda imigodi kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. imfundo yabo M. V. Lomonosov wangena Freiburg, apho wathabatha ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo practice.

Kuyo umsebenzi wakhe wokufunda, waluthethelela ngesibindi iimfuno zabantu, babefuna ukuba imfundo iye yaba lula nje kuphela oluphezulu, kodwa zaba balimi. Kwaba ngenyathelo uMikhail Vasilyevich University yasekwa eMoscow, apho asekhona ngokuzingca ibizwa ngegama umsunguli.

Kwi umsebenzi loluntu ngokubanzi

UMikhail Vasilyevich iye yazisa igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso Ezolimi. Nangona emanzini yakhe ubuchule, wafumana ixesha umsebenzi philological. Ekubuyeni kwakhe eRashiya, ngowe-1757 wapapasha igrama yokuqala Russian, elivulwe ukubiza kunye nemigaqo ngokwegrama ulwimi ngokusekelwe kusakhelwa yokuthetha live. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le yokuqala ababeze nenkcazelo iimpawu zegrama ka-Russian, waba Lomonosov. Njengoko yeelwimi wayithabatha ke ukusuka kwindawo umbono yenzululwazi, oku kwakhona kwixesha yokuqala ziqwalaselwe morphological iingqiqo, kwezivakalisi kunye ukuyilwa lizwi. Ngokusekelwe "igrama Russian 'yakhe lwapapashwa okokuqala kwiincwadi ngolwimi Russian.

Lomonosov Kwakhona wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso inokusebenza. isikhokelo lakhe bubuciko waba incwadi yokuqala Russian nolwimi hlobo. oko kwasekwa i ukuhlelwa izigaba zentetho, imibuzo upelo kunye neempawu zokubhala, iguqulelwe Russian amagama ezininzi ngenzululwazi.

ngumbandela Philological Lomonosov

A igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi Russian kunye neencwadi wenza umsebenzi Lomonosov kaThixo. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, wakhathazeka malunga nemiba yophuhliso lolwimi, systematization of iimpawu zegrama okuloba yayo orthoepic. Ngenxa uMikhail Vasilyevich yotshintsho ebalulekileyo lwaqhutywa malunga ulwimi Russian zoncwadi, kwakunye nenkqubo ezivunyiweyo versification, iye ndihlile, ukuze imihla yethu.

Ngenxa ngeelwimi, wathetha ulwimi Russian laba lilifa omkhulu. UMikhail waba ngowokuqala abaqala ukufunda izifundo zemfundo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Yena wafuna ekucebiseni ulwimi uncwadi, ukuba kube lula ukufikelela, eqondakalayo ngexesha elifanayo ezizodwa. Siza kuqwalasela Lomonosov njenge yeelwimi. Ngokufutshane malunga ngumbandela philological yale ndoda enkulu, ngoku ukuxoxa.

"Igrama Russian" M. V. Lomonosova

Sinokholo iphambili ye Yunivesithi ukudala indawo esiluqilima ukuyilwa ulwimi olutsha Russian. Nophuhliso yayo imisebenzi enxulumene kunye adumileyo uMikhail osihloko sithi "Russian Igrama", nto leyo wakhululwa ngo-1755. umzobo wakhe unelungelo ngokwenene eyona inkulu impumelelo babazisayo Lomonosov. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, kuba okokuqala kwi "Igrama Russian" bazama ukuba umahluko iingqiqo ezifana Russian kunye Church Slavonic.

Ikhetha ulwimi ngalunye, ukuze ukuyibona elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo ngokunxulumene nenye - umgaqo onjalo umsebenzi wabo Lomonosov ithotyelwe. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, wathembela iindlela ezithile yenzululwazi leyo eyamnceda kukucacisa ngokuchanileyo Russian Church Slavonic ulwimi. Esi sisiqalo ofaneleyo yophuhliso ngakumbi iincwadi Russian. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, Lomonosov isekelwe phezu iimpawu kwizifundo zeelwimi, wathabatha uluhlu olude amagama okanye amabinzana, ukuthelekisa Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo kunye nabanye. Kwaye ngoko, sele ngokusekelwe iziphumo ukufikelela kwizigqibo.

Kwi iindlela zophando Lomonosov ayikhange naluphi na utshintsho ebambekayo, inzululwazi uyabambelela unanamhla.

Ingcamango "iintlobo ezintathu" M. V. Lomonosova

Ngokusekelwe ubuchule yayo lophando wenguquko enkulu Russian wakhululwa ngomhla ingcamango "iintlobo ezintathu", apho wafumana isicelo ngoko nangoko xa kwakudalwa ulwimi olutsha zoncwadi. UMikhail lamisela umgaqo jikelele impefumlelwano iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ku Ezolimi. "Umoya" nganye luphawulwa ndawo isicelo. imfundiso yakhe Lomonosov xa bechaza iinkqubo zobugcisa kulwimi. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, yena wayehamba ngokudibanisa esisigxina kunye nokwenziwa enhle ezixabisekileyo, oko kukuthi ngazo zombini ezi lwimi.

"Le nokuzola eliphezulu"

Ngoko ke, i "isimbo eliphezulu," kwaziwe ukuba amagama asetyenziswa ukudala zonke iintlobo bacule, iingoma, imibongo, iintetho kunye wobu-. Le ingaba kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo kuthathwa nobungangamsha. Noko ke, amazwi ukuzola azifane asetyenziswa ngabantu kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, kodwa umntu ukufunda ukuqonda kubo amandla.

"Nokuzola avareji"

"Ukuzola Umyinge" ibiya ukubhala imidlalo satirical, iileta isigqebelo abaziqhelileyo okanye imisebenzi zembali. Lubonakala yi ngakumbi ubukho bezinto amagama Russian kongezwe ezinqabileyo of Slavic.

"Nokuzola Low"

"Ezolileyo Low" amazwi Russian ukuba azikho ngolwimi Slavic. Naye comedy, iingoma, iinkcazelo ze "ishishini ngemihla". Kule isimbo, kukhetha yanikwa amagama Russian, inhlamba.

Zonke bokubanga zobugcisa theory Lomonosov nabangaphambili waphawulwa imfuneko ukuze kuqatshelwe amalungelo ulwimi Russian kunye noncwadi.

iminikelo University le ncwadi

Ethetha ngaye njengomntu philologist obalaseleyo, singasathethi ke ngumbandela boncwadi. Eneneni, isifundo beengcamango ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi usebenzisa kubo practice uMikhail yayiganelwe kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

Ngoxa eJamani, wabhala isincoko malunga miba ingasonjululwanga malunga izibongo Russian. Kule leta yena sazisa izilungiso kuphuculo Trediakovsky, ukwandisa kunye nemilinganiselo zesihobe ezintsha, ezifana anapaest, dactyl kunye amphibrach. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimbongi yexesha, yena lokukhathalela ukusetyenziswa zandi ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yakhe. Inxalenye yesibini ileta yakhe yaba ode waya Ukuthatha ka Khotin, ukuba wenguquko enkulu eyayinikelwe ubuqhawe yomkhosi Russian. It yahluke kakhulu kuleyo ababengaphambi kwakhe.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, yena ipapasha omnye umsebenzi umisela imfundiso sele okhankanywe "iintlobo ezintathu". Kamva, uyifumane sebenzisa kwi ukuyilwa ulwimi olutsha Russian zoncwadi.

Lomonosov igalelo ukuyilwa kwento lwesigama isiseko ulwimi Russian lwesayensi

igalelo elibonakalayo inzululwazi Russian wenze Lomonosov. Kwi ulwimi wayethetha ngathi swinene yesizwe, ilifa layo obungunaphakade. UMikhail Vasilievich wayeqinisekile ukuba ulwimi Russian utyebile kakhulu kwaye lwayo ukuba kusoloko lula ukufumana amagama ekunene abo okanye amagama okanye imiba.

Wenguquko walwa ekuhlambululeni kunye nemfezeko ulwimi Russian, ezama ukuba amsindise "kwimpembelelo langaphandle". Ngoko ke, oko mhlawumbi kukuguqulela ingqiqo ngolwimi Russian, okanye khetha ezilingana efanelekileyo noko. Ngenxa sisazinzulu, amagama afana eneji, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, amava, ngokukhawuleza bazibiza kwi isigama yesizwe. nenkalipho, ukunyamezela kunye wit olungenasiphelo ezahlukeneyo xa kudalwa isigama lwenzululwazi base uMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Ngenxa ngeelwimi, yena Kwaba indima enkulu ekumiselweni kwe-Russian abathetha amagama isigama.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, njengokuba ngeelwimi Russian, lwabacaphukisa kakubi amagama zasemzini uncwadi okanye kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwakhe umsindo kakhulu abanumzana, ngokulambisa bafunda ukuqonda amagama ambalwa isiFrentshi, ngoko nangoko uqala ukuba uzibeke bathanda phi. Lomonosov wabonisa ukuba Learning zavela ukususela ngamagama asemzini ingozi ukuba inkcubeko yemfundo esizwe. Yena ke wabongoza ukuba imbeko ubuhle kunye nokwahluka kolwimi lweenkobe ndibachase negalelo kuyo, "ekwabelwana ngayo ihlazo efanayo."

Kwaye ekugqibeleni,

umsebenzi Lomonosov njengoko isazi ngeelwimi aziwayo-kakuhle wenguquko namhlanje kusetyenziswa kuphando lwesayensi. Le ndoda omkhulu waba ngowokuqala awayelixabisa ubunzulu ubutyebi, igunya kunye ezahlukileyo ulwimi Russian. Kwiincwadi zakhe, uMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov wathetha tafula igama art.

Uye uthathe amanyathelo amaninzi ukuyilwa ulwimi olutsha zoncwadi echaza amathemba uphuhliso yayo engaphezulu.

UMikhail wakhonza kuba zonke izinto ezilungileyo ebantwini. Yaba ingcamango yakhe yayisekelwe University of eMoscow, nto leyo eye igama ehlabathini namhlanje. Kwakhona, wakwazi ukwakha uvimba isigama, leyo ukuzityebisa emva Lomonosov abadumile oosonzululwazi Russian eminyaka. Kwaba Lomonosov, yolwimi Russian. Kwaye namhlanje, sikhumbula lo mntu mkhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa emigudwini yakhe.