Uphi na kwemithambo carotid: isakhiwo yokwakheka kwaye amalungu wenqanawa

Carotid kwemithambo - imfundo nemithambo enkulu enika igazi yodidi lwe inwebu ubuchopho kunye iqokobhe layo, ubuso ukhakhayi, asekelwe izihlunu nolusu. Kulo mzekelo, umbuzo yokumisela indawo ngqo kule nqanawa akuthethi kunokubangela iingxaki, njengoko nkqu angaphangeliyo bazi apho kwemithambo carotid. Enyanisweni, umntu palpate pulsation lakhe unxantathu carotid kumphezulu anterolateral entanyeni.

isakhiwo yokwakheka carotid kwemithambo

Ngokwamanani yokwakheka kwimithambo carotid na isitya igazi, eyinxenye ye kwijelo aortic. Ngelo xesha ngqo ukusuka lihamba arch aortic kwasala kuphela Umthambo carotid eqhelekileyo, ngoxa isitya efanayo wesiqingatha lasekunene umzimba evela esiqwini brachiocephalic. Kwicandelo subclavian ekunene kwaye kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo, isiqu brachiocephalic, lwamasebe ngqo ukusuka arch aortic, akugqiba, enika izitya ukuqhubekeka abanjalo ezincinane.

Indawo apho kwemithambo carotid, ebizwa esiqhumeni neurovascular, apho isakhiwo nayo ke luvo vagus , kunye yegazi. Kumacala omabini kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo zimke kwemithambo carotid lwangaphandle nangaphakathi. ukwahlukana kwabo kunye nokuhlelwa ngokulandelelana indawo igazi.

Kwemithambo carotid lwangaphakathi ukwanelisa imfuno ye-oksijini amalungu cranial ibekwe ngaphakathi kuyo. Ngaloo ndlela lingena singene kwisisu yayo ukwenza uthungelwano esimbaxa iyamelana uphazamiseko ezisebenzayo yeempahla kunye nentliziyo. Ububanzi sinus cavernous, sise emacaleni turcica sella, ithumela cipande isebe yobuchopho idityaniswe kwemithambo kwegama elifanayo icala yi phambi kokuxhuma umthambo. Kwakhona, kwemithambo carotid lwangaphakathi amasebe oluphakathi kunye ngomva Palsy ezithunyelwa ingqondo yakho. Ngoko phylogenetically zihlelwe ukuba meninges, ukongeza ethambileyo, onikezela zangaphandle carotid kwemithambo echibini elibandakanya yonke imisipha yobuso kunye masticatory, isikhumba ubuso kunye nentloko, amazinyo, kwisisu ngeempumlo kunye okuwo.

Hemodynamics kunye zomzimba kwemithambo carotid

Isakhiwo yokwakheka le aortic arch ezizodwa, ekubeni ke luthambe kwemithambo yegazi. kwemithambo carotid Ukuthatha inxalenye yegazi sayo layo, bayithwale entloko. Malunga nama-25% kwemveliso kwentliziyo siya isicwili sobuchopho, ezichaza bodidi oluphezulu kwemithambo carotid. Xa intliziyo inxalenye elandelayo zokunciphisa ngokugxotha igazi kulo aorta, ukuba babe nayo ngekota.

Xa indawo kwisahlulo kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo kwimfundo ezimbini ngqo ezikhoyo, ekuthiwa ibhola komqamelo. Le ndawo entanyeni yabantu, apho kwemithambo carotid imi kumngcipheko aphezulu ndlala intlala laryngeal. Kuye inani elikhulu receptors nekhonkco uphawu peripheral, ebonisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Ukuba imveliso kwentliziyo incinci, inkqubo receptor kwenzeka uxinzelelo kancinane, yaye ngaloo ndlela, lukwakhuthaza iziko vasomotor. Xa uxinzelelo ebhedini esimbaxa aphakamileyo, ingxelo closed. Kukho kwakhona ubungqina bokuba ezi maqela receptor inokufunyanwa kulo lonke isitya. Ngoko ke, indawo apho kwemithambo carotid akufunekanga acudisiweyo okanye ngenkani iimpahla.

Ngoko Umthambo zeelwimi, elandisiweyo ukususela carotid yangaphandle, ubukhulu elikhulu, kodwa kuthunyelwa ulwimi. Oku kwenza ukuba inkqubo yokujikeleza nokugcina ubushushu, kwakunye ingqalelo incasa. It egazini kwacotha ngaphezu kwi yegazi carotid engundoqo, nto leyo yenza ofunxayo kwi kwisisu cleavable carbohydrate emlonyeni nayo.