Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-USSR, izizathu kunye nemiphumo

Ukuwa kwe-USSR kwenzeka njani? Izizathu kunye nemiphumo yalo mcimbi zisenomdla kwiimbali-mlando nakwizenzululwazi zezopolitiko. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba imeko eyenziwe ekuqaleni kwee-1990 ayisacacanga. Ngoku abaninzi abahlali beCIS banqwenela ukubuyela kumaxesha aphindaphindiweyo ukuze bahlangane kwelinye lamazwe anamandla kweli hlabathi. Ngoko kutheni abantu bayeke ukukholelwa kwikamva elihle kunye? Le ngenye yemiba ebaluleke kakhulu echaphazela abantu abaninzi namhlanje.

Isiganeko esenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba 1991 siquka ukudala ama-15 azimeleyo. Izizathu zokuwa kwe-USSR zixakeke kwiimeko zezoqoqosho zelizwe kunye nokungathembeki kwabantu abalula baseSoviet, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liphi iqela elimele. Ukuqhubela phambili kulo, ukuwa kwe-USSR, izizathu kunye nemiphumo yalo mcimbi kubangelwa ukuba i-Supreme Soviet yaseSoviet Union emva kokunikezelwa kukaMongameli welizwe laseGolbachev, MS. Unqume ukuphelisa ubukho belizwe eliphumelele kwiimfazwe ezimbini.

Okwangoku, iimbali-mlando zichonga izizathu ezimbalwa zokuwa kwe-USSR. Phakathi kweenguqulelo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

Inkqubo yezopolitiko enzima kakhulu kwilizwe, ebenqabela inkululeko ezininzi kubantu abakwinkonzo yonqulo, ukunyanzelisa, ukurhweba, njl.

- kungekhona umzamo ophumelele ngurhulumente waseGrbachev ukuhlaziya inkqubo yezopolitiko yeSoviet Union ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezinto ezibangele inkxwaleko yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko ;

- Ukungabikho kwamandla kwimimandla, kuba zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zithathwe yiMoscow (nangona malunga nemiba epheleleyo kwaye iphelele kwiinkalo zemimandla);

- imfazwe e-Afghanistan, imfazwe ebandayo yokulwa ne-US, inkxaso eqhubekayo yezemali kwezinye iindawo zentlalo-ntlalontle, nangona iimeko ezithile zobomi zidinga ukulungiswa kwakhona.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-USSR, izizathu kunye nemiphumo yayo, yatsaliswa kwinto yokuba ubunzima bezoqoqosho belo xesha babuye bathunyelwa kumazwe amatsha angama-15. Ngoko, mhlawumbi, kwaye kwakungekho mfuneko ukukhawuleza kunye nokutshatyalaliswa. Emva koko, esi sivakalisi asizange sitshintshe kakhulu imeko phakathi kwabantu. Mhlawumbi, kwiminyaka embalwa kwaye i-Soviet Union ikwazi ukuphuma kwaye iqhubeke ngokuphuhlisa kwayo?

Mhlawumbi, izibangela kunye nemiphumo yokuwa kwe-USSR nazo zihambelana nento yokuba amanye amazwe ayesaba uhlobo olutsha lwamandla xa amaninzi enkululeko kunye neentlanga zigqitywa kwipalamente kwaye zashiya umanyano ngokwawo . Phakathi kwala mazwe kwakukho oku: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Georgia, Armenia kunye neMoldova. Inokwenzeka ukuba, babeka umzekelo obalaseleyo kuwo onke amaRiphablikhi, yaye bafuna nokukhutshwa. Yaye ukuba ezi zithandathu zilinde kancane? Mhlawumbi, kuya kubakho ukugcina ingqibelelo yemida kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko yeSoviet Union.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-USSR, izibangela kunye nemiphumo yalo mcimbi zihambisane neendibano ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko kunye nama-referendums, okwangelishwa, ayizange ifake umphumo oyifunayo. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kuka-1991, akukho mntu ukholelwa kwixesha elizayo kwelizwe elikhulu kwihlabathi.

Iimiphumo ezidumileyo zokuwa kweSoviet Union zilandelayo:

- ukuguqulwa kwangoko kweRussia Federation, apho uYeltsin wenziwa ngokukhawuleza uguquko lwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko;

- kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi ze-interethnic (ikakhulu ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwiindawo zaseCaucasian);

- isahlulo soLwandle oluLwandle oluMnyama, ukuchithwa kwamaQumrhu oMmandla karhulumente kunye nokwahlukana kwemimandla eyenzeka phakathi kweentlanga ezisandul 'ukuhlala.

Wonke umntu kufuneka azenzele isigqibo sokuba ngaba senze into efanelekileyo ngo-1991, okanye sifanele silinde kancane kwaye sivumele ilizwe libuyele kwiinkalo ezininzi kwaye siqhubeke novuyo lwayo.