Iingxaki zoqoqosho: iintlobo, izinto, igalelo kwintsapho

iingxaki zoqoqosho, nokuba elidlulileyo okanye elizayo, usoloko phezu indlebe. Ubunzima engaphambili zemali - enye izihloko ozithandayo koonondaba kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo ukuba uqikelelo emininzi imibutho zeengcali.

iintlobo

iingxaki zoqoqosho kuza kwiintlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko.

• Nedoproizvodstvennye (lubonakala ngokuba kukunqongophala impahla losetyenziso mass). A Umzekelo umxhelo - kwezoqoqosho ntlekele eRashiya iminyaka 90: komele engenanto, ukutya, lets ukuya ngokulinganiselwa ngokuthe ngqo, emigceni eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko.
• Pereproizvodstvennye (luphawulwa kwayo kakhulu yonikezelo ngaphezu kwemfuneko). Ngamaxesha iingxaki, inkoliso yabantu akanayo imali ukuze kukhuselwe umgangatho eqhelekileyo yobukho (ubuhlwempu mass). A ummeli eqhelekileyo yeengxaki pereproizvodstvennyh kuqoqosho - Enkulu Ukudakumba of banesifo.

izizathu

Le ntlekele kwezoqoqosho ngoku ubukhulu becala zibangelwa giperkonsyumerizmom jikelele - ongalawulekiyo abantu umnqweno ukuze ndibagqibele. Minyaka le uluhlu iimveliso ezinikezelwa ngumntu lukhula: imoto entsha imodeli, ukuqokelelwa intle fashion, uhlobo entsha utywala kunye nokutya iimveliso. Kunye imithamo kweemveliso ukufukuka, iindleko kweempahla kunye neenkonzo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso iqala (ukuphelwa lixabiso) nemali eyinkunzi. amatyala Ukukhulisa: kuzwelonke, ibhanki, umthengi. Konke oku kukhokelela ekubeni iimfanelo ethengiweyo (musa kuzisa iingenelo izinto: iimoto, impahla, ifenitshala), akukho namnye unako ukuhlawula.

Ngokutsho iimfundiso Karla Marksa, iingxaki - is engaphephekiyo yongxowankulu. ukwenzeka yabo ezimeleyo iimpazamo zolawulo, njengoko ifuthe elibi umsebenzi zabazebenzisi okanye iinkampani. Le nkqubo Marx ucacisa kanye uhlobo lobudlelane, olujoliswe ekwenzeni inzuzo.

Impembelelo on ekhaya

Kakade ke, kukho ukwehla okukhulu ngamandla ukuthengwa iintsapho, ukungakwazi ukuba into ekhoyo ngaphambili, ibe nefuthe elibi kwisiqalo ngokweemvakalelo. Grand nengxaki yobungxowankulu-1930 akulolize yathiywa igama "Great Depression." Xa imigaqo, eli xesha abantu basoloko izichazi ezifana ndindisholo abamiselwe, yidyudyu, lingenandaba njl kusetyenziswa iingxaki zoqoqosho eyingozi empilweni: ilahleko yemali ixhala ngekamva ukunciphisa sokuphila. I stock ekuweni 2008-2009 eUnited States kungqamane kwincopho isifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa kwizifo kwinkqubo sentliziyo.

Ngelo xesha uphando umdla thaca izazinzulu zethu, bafumana ukuba kwintlekele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi negalelo kumanyano iintsapho, bahlangana (sithetha usapho nzima) kwaye umnqweno ukuhlala kunye. Le ntsingiselo bayagwetyelwa zombini ukusuka iingongoma yokuhlalisana kunye noqoqosho ngayo:

1) benzeke ingozi eminyaka wabangela abantu ukuba bamanyane, ukwakha ikhaya ukuxhasa izihlobo;

2) uhlala nenoqoqosho ngakumbi kunye ngaphezu ngokwahlukileyo, kunye nokudalwa amanyeneyo mini-abathengi eyahlukileyo kujongwe ukunciphisa iindleko zokutya, eziluncedo, ipetroli, njl

Abaphandi kwakhona bafumanise ukuba kozinzo imali yentsapho yenza abantu ukwandisa isabelo yengeniso yabo intsapho ngokomlinganiselo imali yabo.