Imbali yaseTurkey: ukusuka kulawulo lwama-Otomoman ukuya kumazwe aseYurophu aseAsia

Imbali emfutshane yaseTurkey iqala ngelixesha apho kwiintlanga zama-21 izizwe zaseTurkey zahlala kwindawo yaseAsia Minor (nangona abahlali bebehlala kwiLayini yobuGala). Ngamaxesha onke, intsimi yaseTurkey yayixhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni kwempucuko, ngenxa yendawo yayo yokuhlala, apho nangona ke imbumba yobudlelwane phakathi kweNtshona neMpuma yabonakala.

Ngekhulu le-14 le-Osman ndaqalisa uMbuso wase-Ottoman. Ngenxa yoko, abahlali bendawo kunye neziTurkey zaqala ukubizwa ngokuba ngamaTurkey ase-Ottoman. Ngeli likhulu leminyaka, kwi-thirties, ukunqoba kwayo yonke imimandla yaseByzantium yenzeke.

Iminye imbali yeTurkey yenziwe yintsimi ka-Osman, ibonakala ngokuthintela kwimihlaba emitsha. Eli xesha lalibonakaliswe yimfazwe egazini yamanzi ukuze kwandiswe imida yolawulo.

Imbali yaseTurkey ayizange iphele, ngoko sele sele iphakathi kweXVI leminyaka, ngexesha lolawulo lukaSulemim I-Magnificent, ubukhosi bufikelele ekuphakameni kwayo kunye nophuhliso. Imfundo ephakamileyo yeSultan, kunye nokuthanda kwakhe rhoqo ubugcisa, ivuselele ukuphuhliswa kweencwadi kunye nokwakhiwa koBukumkani base-Ottoman. Emva koko, eli xesha labizwa ngokuba yiGold Age yobukhosi.

Imbali entsha yaseTurkey ivela kwiXesti yeXIX, xa ubukhosi base - Ottoman buqala ukulahlekelwa yimpembelelo yayo kwaye zaqala ukuphazamiseka. Ukugxeka ukwahlula kwexesha elizayo kwelizwe kunye nokulahlekelwa ukuzimela, uKemal waba yinhloko yesizwe, kwaye nge-23 yekhulu lokugqibela waba ngumongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi yaseTurkey. Ingcamango yayo ephambili - ukuhlanganiswa kwesizwe nokunciphisa impembelelo yabaqhubi be-Islam - isasebenza.

Kususela ngeli xesha eTurkey ukuba imbali yokuphuhliswa kwezokhenketho esebenzayo iqala . Ubuhle obuhle kakhulu beendawo zokungcebeleka unyaka ngamnye kubangele abantu abaphuma kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kunye nokudibanisa uhlobo oluthile kunye neendwendwe zamandulo ezivakalisa abakhenkethi umnqweno wokufunda izithethe zaseTurkey kwaye bazive ziyimfihlakalo.

Ngendlela, ngaphezu kwentlalo yokuzonwabisa elwandle ngeli xesha likhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kubhenkethi kubusika. Emuva kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ephakamileyo ye-XX leminyaka, inqwelwanqwanqwa yempi ye-ski yasungulwa - ukususela kuloo mzuzu kunokwenzeka ukuba ubale ukuqala kwembali yokuphuhliswa kwe-skiing eTurkey.

Imbali entsha yeTurkey

Namhlanje, ilizwe linayo ininzi ye peninsula. Imbali yayo ukususela ekuzalweni kwayo kuze kube yimini ininzi kwaye isisityebi, kwaye isiseko samaxabiso anamhlanje aseTurks sineenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko yezizwana ezininzi ezihlala kuyo kwixesha leendidi ezahlukeneyo.

Imbali yeTurkey kwiminyaka ye-20 inokuthelekiswa nolawulo lukaMustafa Kemal, oko kukuthi, xa unqulo lukhona ngokwahlukileyo kwilizwe, kwaye amasiko amaninzi enkolo apheliswa.

Iimpembelelo ezivela eYurophu zaba yinyani. Ngenxa yoko, i-state kunye neengcamango zentshonalanga kunye neempuma zempuma zafunyanwa. Kwaye kukho imfazwe yezopolitiko kwaye kwakukho ukukhwela kwemikhosi emithathu. Oku konke kwakunentswelo yokulungiswa komgaqo-siseko, kwaye kamva kwatshintshwa ngenxa yeprojekthi entsha, eyamkelwa ngo-1982.

Ngelo xesha, urhulumente wenza konke okusemandleni ukunciphisa impembelelo yenkolo kubantu, ngenxa yoluphi ubomi obuthile obusebenzayo njengesizathu somgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle kunye nekhaya. Kwaye, ngenxa yoko, isiqinisekiso sokuqhubela phambili kombuso.

Imbali yeTurkey kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ngu rhu lumente wexesha elide lopolitiko, ukukhula kwamanye amazwe kunye nophuhliso olusebenzayo lwezokhenketho. Ngoku ubukumkani base-Ottoman bubizwa ngokuba yilizwe laseYurophu kakhulu .