St. Theodore Ushakov biography

I elizayo Admiral Fyodor Ushakov wazalwa ngo Februwari 13 1745 ngonyaka. Wayengunyana wesithathu Guards Musketeers - owayevela intsapho endala amanene. Uyise Fedor Ignatevich Ushakov ebutsheni bakhe bakhonza, kodwa yena akazange ukuphatha ukwenza umsebenzi. Ngowe-1747 umhlala kunye elikwinqanaba phoyisa waphila ubomi elilinganisiweyo mhlaba encinane cwaka (ukuba malunga nama-30 amafama). Future Saint Fyodor Ushakov wazalelwa kwilali encinane Burnakovo kayise wakhe.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Le nkwenkwe omdala umzalwana Gabriel waba Captain Dragoons, enye, Stepan, wonyuselwa ukuba uLt kuphela. Fedor wagqiba kwelokuba zokudibanisa ubomi babo, ndawonye nesinqanawa. Kuba umfana ubume bakhe, yaba isigqibo ongaqhelekanga. Nangona kubanumzana ingqalelo yomsebenzi onzima kakhulu zaselwandle kunye nodumo. Ukongeza, elizayo Saint Fyodor Ushakov akazange kwahluka impilo zentsimbi kunye namandla herculean. imiqobo Physical, Noko ke, yena ningothuswa.

Ekubeni wangena Marine yeCadet lweSizwe, Ushakov waqalisa ukufunda unyango umpu kunye kunaso, isifundo eneenkcukacha izakhiwo yomkhosi. umfundi ngamnye zasehlotyeni zokuziqhelisa. Kwiimfundiso Saint Fyodor Ushakov elizayo babeqhele ukuya kula iinqanawa. Kwakufuneka ootitshala emangalisayo kunye mentors, kuquka liqhawe elizayo Idabi Chesma kunye Admiral Gregory Spiridov. Ngowe-1764-1765 gg. Ushakov ngesikhephe ukusuka Kronstadt ukuba uku kunye kwisiqithi Gotland, yaye ngo-1766 waza wakhululwa umzimba wadubula kwi yesigunyaziso.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu oko yaqala enye imfazwe Russian-Turkish (1768-1774 gg.). Future Saint Fyodor Ushakov wonyuselwa ukuba sombutho kunye nokuqeshwa omkhulu ukuya kwelisezantsi Azov-Don fleet, ngokomyalelo yangasemva Admiral Aleksey Senyavin. Igosa elibekwe angabikho Pavlovsk. Khona Azov yena kwafuneka sithubelezise lencopho neebhetri (kwakuhlile).

War Nokuthula

Ngowe-1772, i-igorha ilungisa engcwele Feodor Ushakov waba umphathi wokuqala enqanaweni. Yaba wempi elincinane "Courier". Boat olinda Strait of Kerch, Feodosia wadada baseTaganrog. Kunyaka olandelayo, phantsi ngokomlomo Ushakov baba inqanawa shestnadtsatipushechnye "Modon" yaye "lwandle". INkundla bendihamba kunye nje ongenzi amajoni Russian eCrimea kunye nomkhosi layigubungela amabutho Turkish. Emva kwemfazwe, saint elizayo Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich wanikwa isikhundla uLieutenant-ngqwayi yaye wafudukela eSt Petersburg.

Kwiminyaka yegosa loxolo wakhonza kwikomkhulu. Xa th 1780 wamiselwa ingqwayi-elwandle enkundleni. Esi sikhundla akhululeke kuzo zonke iintlobo careerists. Ezikufutshane uKumkanikazi kwakuthetha ukuba amathuba okufumana ungene ebomini enkundleni, ngokuhlala ngaphakathi cream of St Petersburg yoluntu. Nazi nje njengegorha engcwele Feodor Ushakov akuthethi bathathe weziyolo wempangelo ezinjalo. Kwakhona, abadlulayo iinqanawa ephathiswe kuye ngenxa ebusika, wacela intloko weenqanawa Ivan Chernyshev ukuguqulela kwi fleet ekhoyo.

Xa ingcambu ye-Black Sea Fleet

Kwiminyaka 35 Fedor Ushakov waba umthetheli "Victor" inqanawa. Kule yenqanawa butho ka yangasemva Admiral Yakova Suhotina wahamba uhambo kuLwandle lweMeditera. Igosa elindele ukubuya indyebo yakhe elandelayo (wamkela elikwinqanaba umphathi abakuluhlu lwesibini). Ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha eholideyini ngenxa kuye, Ushakov inxaxheba kuvavanyo leenqanawa ezintsha, azigqogqayo ukusuka Reval ukuya Kronstadt. Eyokugqibela ixesha phambi kokuba elide sekhefu wemka ngomkhombe kwi kwiBaltic Elwandle ehlotyeni 1783, emva koko waya Black Sea.

Xa engcwele olilungisa Fedor Ushakov wazifumana Kherson, apho benza ukwakhiwa iinqanawa, esi sixeko wawabetha ngobhubhani kweso sibetho. Induna ukuba isabelo sakhe yemigulukudu, kwaye iqela ziphosa yedwa. Ngowe-1784, i-matiloshe onamava waba umthetheli abakuluhlu yokuqala. Kuba mpi nxamnye isibetho, yena wawongwa Order of St. Vladimir degree 4-th.

Kungekudala Fyodor ivule wempi "St. uPawulos" beza kuye asanda wakha Sevastopol Black Sea Fleet kwisiseko. Ngelo xesha, izibuko uzuza omtsha piers, nezikhali, izitora, enqabeni yaye izindlu amagosa '. Xa ukwakhiwa Sevastopol ekugcineni, kwafika umzi uKumkanikazi uCatherine II kunye sizana yayo, Austria uMlawuli Joseph II. Ushakov for impumelelo yakhe usiwe uKumkanikazi, waza wahlala naye etafileni enye.

iimvavanyo ezintsha

Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid yayingathi thiki ukubeka up kunye zoloyiso lwakutsha iingalo Russian (kuquka nokudliwa eCrimea). Yaqonda ukuba abuyele iPeninsula. Andinaxesha bakuqhele oomatiloshe laBamnyama loLwandle Fleet e Sevastopol, njengoko ekuqaleni olandelayo Russian-Turkish imfazwe (1787-1791 gg.).

Ngexesha iphulo lokuqala ukuba iphulo Ushakov kwi "St. uPawulos" kunye nezinye iinqanawa eziliqela baqweqwediswa isivunguvungu. kwenzeka kufuphi Varna Le ntlekele. "St. UPawulos" ephelelwe imasti futhi wagcina phezu kwayo kude empumalanga elutshabeni Abkhazian unxweme. Kodwa le ntlekele akakwazanga unsettle inkosi abanetalente enjalo, njengoko St Fyodor Ushakov. biography emfutshane umphathi yodumo izele imizekelo izenzo kunye nesenzo sobudoda. Ngoko eli xesha akayi batshayelwe. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa kunye neqela lakhe likwazile ukubeka phezu Amanxiwa lwemasti kunye iseyile ezintsha ukubuyela inqanawa eya Sevastopol.

July 14, 1788 kwakukho axabana Fidonisi Island (eyaziwa ngokuba laseZohelete) - wokuqala idabi enkulu aselwandle yemfazwe. Ndathatha inxaxheba kulo, kunye Fyodor Ushakov. Church Russian Orthodox engcwele phambili iinqanawa alwa uhlaselo lokuqala baseTurkey. YeBlack Sea lweziThuthi yimpumelelo. frigates zokudubula olomeleleyo noluchanekileyo yonakele aziwa Turkish. Lutshaba ibutho washiya edabini. Emva kwale boyisiwe, baseTurkey akuseyomfuneko ukongama kuLwandle Black, yaye baphulukana nethuba ukuba luzizi kunxweme iCrimea. Ngegalelo lakhe elikhulu loyiso Snake Island Ushakov wenza ukuba wempi ngasemva.

impi Kerch

idabi elandelayo Fedora Ushakova (Kerch aselwandle imfazwe) kwaqhutywa Julayi 8, 1790. Ngeli xesha eli gosa uyazilawula yonke butho, kumkhawulela utshaba kwecala Turkish. Utshaba waba zokudubula kobuzwe. Turks ukusuka ngcaciso yokuqala kangaka idale umlilo komsindo phezu Vanguard ye-butho Russian. Le ihlasele into engxamisekileyo ukuba bachase. Isigqibo kwakuxhomekeke umntu omnye yaye loo mntu Admiral yangasemva Fyodor Ushakov. OyiNgcwele Gorha olilungisa ezahlulwe sisithuba frigates olubuthathaka kakhulu yaye uvale nezikhundla zabo, batsiba awayihlangula of a vanguard elikhuselayo, owawukhokelwa uBrigadier Gabriel Golenkin izithuthi.

Nge zijike ezimbalwa Ushakov ikwazile kuthiywe umkhumbi Turkish isekela-gosa yakhe. Lutshaba mkhumbi Kwathi phakathi kwemigca Russian uze phantsi ephehlayo sekhe umlilo ashinyeneyo. Ke Ushakov, lowo phezu flagship "iKrismesi", kunye nabo bonke butho waya rapprochement ne Turkey.

Iinqanawa Lutshaba waziqhekeza waza wawa. Ekubulaleni lokugqibela zabo kusindiswa kuphela ubulula wathandwa. Kerch idabi yomkhosi wamanzi abonisa ubuchule nomlilo ebalaseleyo noqeqesho oomatiloshe Russian. Emva kwenye ngokoyiswa baseTurkey waqalisa ukuxhalatyiswa ngokhuseleko ikomkhulu labo Istanbul.

Tendra

Fyodor Ushakov akazange baza umxakatho zethu, waza wayithabatha loo mbutho usebenze omtsha enkulu olwandle. August 28, 1790 bakhe butho, equka 36 neenqanawa, ngesiquphe wahlasela Turkish fleet (36 nayo imikhombe) eya phakathi Tendra elibhalwe ngokumileyo kunye Gadzhibeem. Iintshukumo yangasemva Admiral ibekwe kwi kumda inkalipho nokuzithemba. I Turks yokulingana ngamanani kuyingozi kakhulu iinqanawa Zempi kwaba 9 ngaphezu koko waphinda wabanika noludumileyo zokudubula (1360 ngemipu ngokuchasene kancinane kwama-800).

Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba usindile Isibindi Russian fleet LED utshaba yindida. The Turks, nangona noludumileyo lwamanani, ulungele siphumele, imikhumbi wemka kumgama elide. Njengoko kulindelekile, emva rearguard Ottoman, nto leyo kwindawo basemngciphekweni kakhulu. Ke Vice-Admiral Said Bey, owayalela butho, wagqiba kwelokuba aye awayihlangula kweenkundla kade. Ngenxa inqanawa yakhe "Kapudanie" ne "Meleki Bahri" yayibiyelwe. I Turks balwa kakhulu, kodwa boyiswa. Emva kokuba kwegazi ku "iKrismesi" Yafika soBekekileyo yiNkosi oluthandayo uKumkanikazi UGrigory Potemkin. Kwi yakhe Ingcebiso, uCatherine II Ushakov wawongwa Order of St George 2 nd isidanga (ngokundichasa ngokwesithethe, apho imbasa yanikwa kuphela kubalawuli ephakamileyo izintlu).

Fyodor babuyela Sevastopol, kodwa akazange onwabe ixesha elide. Ngo-Oktobha, ngokwemiyalelo Potemkin yangasemva Admiral wayichola kwekhava Turkish izithuthi utshintsho ekuqhubeni butho, leyo kuthiwa ukukhwela weDanube. Emva kokuba umsebenzi emlonyeni umlambo bekumele kuhla iinqaba Ottoman ezibalulekileyo Kilia kunye Izmail. Lo msebenzi yenzeke. izenzo Ushakov yanceda umkhosi ukuba ukumbamba enqabeni qhinga kunxweme kuLwandle Black. Waziwayo Alexander Suvorov, ogama aphume ka Izmail kwaye namhlanje igqalwa ngelinye lalawo kokuhlaselwa emkhosini kwimbali yoluntu.

Kaliakria

Ngelo xesha, e Istanbul, ukutshintsha kwamandla. Elandelwa Abdul Hamid I Selim III Yandikhathaza Russian kwempumelelo yolwandle kunye neendonga bakaIshmayeli, kodwa akazange isigqibo sokuba walala ezingalweni. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni iphulo kancinane kukulibala, yaye idabi lokugqibela aselwandle zemfazwe kwenzeka Julayi 31, Ngo1791.

Kwi obandulela Ottoman fleet kanzulu kufuphi Varna, uze kuqonde ekapa (namhlanje Bulgaria). Ngesiquphe wahlasela elo butho Russian phantsi umyalelo Fedora Ushakova. I Turks basiwa wakubuza. Amanye zabo iinqanawa Ndandingekakulungeli ukulwa ngenxa Yizani holide ka Ramadan. Noko ke, ngenxa Ottoman uncediswa ukusekelwa ngohlobo lwe corsairs Tunisian kunye Algeria.

Ukususela imizuzu yokuqala edabini Ushakov, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okomzuzwana, ndaba olusondeleyo notshaba. Ngokuba ekuhanjisweni ngeenqanawa zayo umgca kwimiqolo emithathu. Le meko inenzuzo enkulu ngokwemiqathango yokuhlaselwa. I Turks, ndakuqonda ukuba imbonakalo zithuthi Russian yaqala ezikhawulezayo ukusika iintambo sanduluka. neenqanawa ezininzi nemoto enye kwenye, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ukwesaba nezidubedube nangakumbi nangakumbi.

lokuwela

I-Turkish ibutho kuqala behlelo Algeria flagship. Le nqanawa, kunye neenqanawa ezininzi bazama ziyijikeleze le fleet Russian. ixesha Fyodor waqonda utshaba kushenxa. inqanawa yakhe "iKrismesi" beza phambili kwaye baya ukuba ganga ngoku iyunithi yotshaba. Esi sigqibo ndandingasakulindelanga kuye yaye abanye. Ngokutsho amasiko nemithetho ongabhalwanga, umthetheli kwafuneka ukuba ahlale entliziyweni komyalelo yokulwa, apho indlela elula ukulawula ikhondo edabini. Noko ke, ngelo xesha amanqam, xa busemngciphekweni yaba bayahlelwa yokungqubana, Ushakov wagqiba ekubeni iplagi uyitsale phezu komyalelo lusekiwe. inqanawa umlilo echanekileyo idubule flagship pasha Algeria. Inqanawa kwafuneka siphumele umva.

Emva kwethutyana lonke Black Sea Fleet wenze abahlobo kunye Turks, kwaye ukudubuleka lobuhlobo ahlaselwe kubo. liyavela flagship le "iKrismesi" embindini kwizithuthi Ottoman. ukumelana ezinamandla ukuxhathisa kotshaba ludilikile. Turks achola basaba.

Nhlanhla leyo, phezu enye ngomhla we-31 Julayi, isgqibo yalungiswa. Fyodor Ushakov wafunda ngokuzibulala imfazwe ngo-Agasti 8. Le ndaba yangasemva Admiral evela Field Marshal UNikolai Repnin. Yaphela ngephulo iqhosha Ushakov ubomi, immortalized zagutyungelwa kunye uzuko lwegama lakhe. Lixesha lokuba abuyele ekhaya.

ukwenyusa Mediterranean

Emva kokuphela olulandelayo imfazwe Russian-Turkish of Fyodor Ushakov ngo-1790-1792 gg. waba umphathi we-Black Sea Fleet. Ngelo xesha, imeko kwibakala lehlabathi wahlala eladlulayo. Russia ujoyine manyano anti-French, wathetha nxamnye ingozi ngenxa ukumkani olucacileyo revolution. Lo amazwe nkqubo move eyenziwe uCatherine II. Noko ke, ngo-1796 waza wafa. Unyana wakhe uPawulos ndaqhubeka ikhosi nkqubo bezinye iintlanga unina. Ngowe-1798 wamiselwa umphathi Fedora Ushakova Mediterranean butho, yaye kamva ngomnyaka wempi yakhe.

Ngexesha umphathi iphulo wazibonakalisa kungekuphela nje zephephandaba brilliant, kodwa ibe ngonozakuzaku obalaseleyo. Waba negalelo ekudalweni Hellenic Republic phantsi Protectorate ka Turkey neRashiya, yena inxaxheba iimfazwe inkululeko i Corinth Islands kunye Italy yi-French. Admiral Holy Fyodor Ushakov wakhokela kuvalwe iindlela Genoa kunye Ancona. Emva ekuncedeni sizana kwi Admiral angalawuliyo anti-French kunye butho wakhe babuyela Sevastopol.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunye nelifa

Ngo-1802, i engcwele igorha Admiral Fyodor Ushakov waba ngumphathi kwiBaltic weziThuthi bendiza, andule wamiselwa Intloko St Petersburg aselwandle imiyalelo. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-62, umthetheli umhlala-phantsi. Wazinza kwiphondo Tambov, apho wathenga ilifa encinane. Apha ke yena ukufumene Patriotic War of 1812. kwiphondo Tambov yaye ifuna intloko wamajoni. Wanyula Fyodor Ushakov. OyiNgcwele Russian Church Orthodox, bashiya ngenxa yokugula.

Elona gosa endala eye wazibhokoxa ubomi zonqulo othobekileyo kunye nothando. Wayedla watyelela sibekwe kude kwilifa lakhe Sanaksar Monastery. Admiral wafa ngo-Oktobha 14, 1817 kwilali yakhe Alekseevka kummandla kwiriphabliki namhlanje Mordovia. Izinto ezingcwele egorheni ungcwele nolilungisa Feodor Ushakov bangcwatyelwa ezindongeni weemonki Sanaksar.

Sikunye Admiral Nakhimov yaba kwinkumanda yomkhosi yomfuziselo Russian waseManzini wozuko. Kwizixeko ezininzi imbeko yakhe ezikhumbuzo okanye izitrato igama. Ngowe-1944, i-eSoviet Union esekwe Ushakov imbasa, yaye ngowe-1953 ngokusekelwe ngobomi bakhe wenza film "Iinqanawa akufika i zilikhusi".

Nangona isibakala sokuba ngexesha repressions leSoviet nxamnye ibandla baba eziqhelekileyo, yaye yavalwa Sanaksar Monastery, ingcwaba Admiral wasinda. Emva yiSoviet Union iwa, kwaye ROC waba nako ukuzifumana, umbuzo ke wavuswa malunga Ukumiselwa kwe-mkhosi odumileyo aselwandle. Kwelinye icala, ukuba dumile njengegosa omkhulu, yaye kwelinye icala, waqalisa ukuphila ubomi yonqulo othobekileyo ebudaleni. Ngowe-2001, ngokuthi isigqibo Russian Church Orthodox lamiselwa njengegorha entsha - Fyodor Ushakov. Saint, ogama izinto zigcinwa namhlanje Sanaksar Monastery, waba nani nje aselwandle nje kodwa unqulo zonqulo.