UGrigory Potemkin: biography kunye nezibakala umdla ebomini

Xa kwimbali yelizwe lethu uswele abantu kwesigele sentombi, zengqondo okuhlala ephikisayo unanamhla. Kwabo iinkxalabo, kunye UGrigory Potemkin. Xa ningalikhankanyi igama lendoda lombutho yokuqala ezehla avareji Russian na "iilali Potemkin". Kukho ayekholelwa ukuba lihambisana grand nomkhuba zembali kukuqhayisa ukuba uGregory "splurge" uKumkanikazi uCatherine kunye abamenywa bakhe basemzini. Apha nje ezimbalwa abantu bazi ukuba yintoni na, ukuba oko ngokuzolileyo, angabi mkrexezikazi ngokupheleleyo.

Oku kungqinwa ubuncinane kukuba abasemzini, ngubani na ngaloo mihla zaba ukumeya zelizwe lethu, wavuma ukuba UGrigory Potemkin kwenziwa yonke New Russia kunye eCrimea, ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na. Kwaye akukho ukubhuqa kumazwi yabo; ngokwenene babemangalisiwe kwisikali umsebenzi imigudu ehamba ze yintandane uKumkanikazi. Nangona umnqweno wakhe obutofotofo kunye neminye imiba "ubomi omhle", lo mntu unako ukusebenza yaye wakwenza yakhiwe!

impikiswano zembali

Imbali - "inkosikazi" abangenazigqibo kwanolwabangemalungisa. Khawucinge nje: i nguSopatro enye, umphathi abanetalente kwaye ekrelekrele, wahlala ukukhunjulwa ezizayo kuphela umphathi njengokuba zingakhathaliyo; "enezinto inyama yotshaba." Kwaye akukho oko akuthethi ukukhumbula ukuba Pierre ngokwakhe waba ukumeya kubo azuzeke uloyiso. Kunye UGrigory Potemkin. Nangona zonke izenzo zakhe uzuko Russia, sicinga ngayo kuphela jokes ribald.

Ngoko nangoko recollected Affairs wakhe Catherine, banqwenela ukuba obutofotofo yonke elalini enye igule-lombutho ... Enyanisweni, uGregory waba mnye wabaququzeleli zezona ngcali zinetalente yelo xesha kunye nesipho luluntu kunye nezakhono nolawulo loluntu. Ngamafutshane, loo mntu yena mkhulu ngokwenene. Nzima, kunye nemikhwa zabo, kodwa iimpazamo zabo phambili ubhalo kokufaneleka yakhe ukuqina. Ngoko ke, nokuba ongenakuyithanda ulwimi lwesibini kwezinye mbali, lo lesikhumbuzo Grigoriyu Potemkinu wavuswa kakubi? Akukho, kunjalo. Prince kwaye ngokwenene ufanelwe zonke amawonga zayo ngezomkhosi. Ukuze ubone oku, kufuneka nje ukwazi zadibana enkulu ngobomi bakhe.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Wazalwa apha kwiphondo ESmolensk. Indawo yokuzalwa - ilali encinane Chizhov. Oku kwenzeka 13 (24) ngoSeptemba 1739. UTata Aleksandr Vasilevich Potomkin, enkulu umhlala-phantsi. isimilo yakhe, njengokuba ngoku wesiNtu ukuba bathi, "akukho iswekile". Yiloo ngenene oko nto kuba unyana angawaconganga, ngoko ke emana, nto leyo isiphumo sendalo nephuku, kwaye njengokufuna ethululwayo. Ngethamsanqa Gregory, baqhubeka konke oku kuphela iminyaka esixhenxe, uze uyise zigqithile.

Unina, uDaria V., bazama kangangoko ukuba lukhusele unyana wakhe kwimpembelelo embi kayise kwaye rhoqo ukuba angene, kungani na ngokuphindaphindiweyo bit. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba emva kokufa Alexander Vasilyevich usapho lonke wancwina kunye isiqabu. Potemkin wafudukela eMoscow, nangeendlela ezininzi oku kubangelwe umnqweno ukunika imfundo engcono Gregory. Kwakhona, ngenxa yohlobo umnqweno mfana akukho kakhulu sizaliseke. Noko ke, ndithi kuni yonke into ukuze.

umfundi

Ndisemncinane kakhulu UGrigory Potemkin inophawu yinqobo kunene: yena ngokoqobo iza kwingcamango alithandayo kwaye akwazi ukusebenza kuyo phantse imini nobusuku, kodwa kanye njengokuba ngokukhawuleza kuye waza wakhulela kubanda. Noko ke, inkoliso zabo, yena zigqityiwe. Ngokukodwa, ndenza konke okusemandleni ukuze impumelelo. It alubanga nakulambatha - ngo-1755 waba umfundi kwiYunivesithi Moscow, yaye kamva kunyaka nje Gregory oselula wafumana imbasa yegolide "Kuba impumelelo kwizifundo zabo."

Ngaloo mihla ngenene ukuba kukho ukuqonda obalaseleyo zokugqwesa. Yonke into ikhomba ukuba uludwe izikhanyiso inzululwazi Russian kungekudala uza kuba ngenisa igama elitsha. Ukuba ngokwenene kunjalo, akuthandabuzeki, Potemkin ngokuqinisekileyo ibe sesayensi obalaseleyo. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi silahlekelwe elinye University ...

Emva konyaka neqela labafundi best 12 thaca ukuya eBhayi. Yiloo nje bonke baya engalunganga ... kwiminyaka kuphela emithathu emva kokuba begxothiwe ngenxa yakhe "livila zobu." Ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo. Ngapha koko, wenza bonke makings ukuba abe isikhanyiso yezenzululwazi. Kanye ngeli xesha ekufutshane yayingekho umcebisi eyodwa abadumileyo onokubabonisa isiphoso izenzo zakhe. Ngelo xesha Gregory wazibonakalisa unyana imodeli: Ekhumbula yeentlungu unina, leyo Ethundezwa ukugxothwa kwakhe, yena kamva yeni kwirenki ndiyiNkosikazi phezulu kuye. Noko ke, nakuba kunjalo le nto lo mbuzo. Young "eliphakathi" elinde umkhosi uRhulumente Russian.

Ukufuna ukuvelela kumnandi izimanga

Yonke ababephila wathi omnye neengxaki eziphambili Potemkin yaba nekratshi, maxa wambi lwaba amampunge evulekileyo nekratshi. Noko ke, akuzange kube mfuneko into embi: ezolile wafumana ukugxothwa kwakhe, yena ngoko nangoko wagqiba ekubeni lenze endleleni yomkhosi. Ngelo xesha kwakukho sele kukho uhlobo analogu zesebe emkhosini, yaye ngenxa yokuba abafundi izolo baye sele ngokusesikweni sele abhalisela emkhosini waza wathabatha inkonzo esebenzayo emkhosini. Yaba inkuthazo elungileyo ukuze career ngakumbi!

Ngoko ke, ngo-1761, uye wabamba isikhundla phoyisa, ngoxa bakhonza usuku olulodwa. Ngelo xesha, owayesakuba umfundi uza eSt Petersburg yaye webutho. ukonakala imbonakalo yakhe, yayintle kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza wenza ehlelwe Marshal Georga Lyudviga (INkosana Schleswig-Holstein).

conspirator

Nangona ukwamkelwa efudumeleyo emkhosini, uGregory ayemzonda akukho iimvakalelo ithenda ukuba umphathi yakhe encinane okhohlakeleyo, uPetros III, owayesele bakwazi ukunika ilizwe wahlutha ngokuyintabalala ngegazi ngamajoni Russian, umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo Frederick. Kwaye ukuba backfired ngokupheleleyo: umkhosi karhulumente Russian ukuxolela ukungcatshwa enjalo nje hayi. Akumangalisi ke, lo Potemkin ngokulula usebenza izintlu nabavukeli. Day of mdibi, Juni 28, 1762, kwaba isiqalo esitsha isiphelo hayi nje eRashiya, kodwa phoyisa. UCatherine II nangoko wakuthanda handsome yinzwana.

Ngokungafaniyo "asebenza 'babo sebali, nto ezo kuphela lesigodlo, igosa laseburhulumenteni elizayo xa kuqeshwa uLt yesibini. Ngokubanzi, oko kunto-nye nokuba namhlanje emsebenzini imini yaba enkulu. Kukho le nto iye wagxeka mbali, ngenxa yesi sizathu, yena imini enye ufumana oluninzi iintshaba. Noko ke, i Earl elizayo nantoni na ephosakeleyo akaboni, ngokuba bakhe obungamampunge mhle ekuqapheleni kuphela wayo.

Ithemba kunye nesibindi

Noko ke, ngelo xesha, Potemkin ayikwazanga silangazelela ubabalo ngaphezulu uKumkanikazi. Isibakala ukuba luthandwa of Count Orlov, ukukhuphisana nje nako kunye naye. Ngaphandle beziswe nomfuziselo nkonzo kunye amabhaso, ngokuthe ngcembe uGregory waqala ukukhula abandayo nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho phantse isiganeko emangalisayo: Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich phantse yaba indela! Waba iingxoxo zemfundiso elide abalungiseleli ibandla, embetha nabo ngolwazi lwakhe, kunye nokulungiselela nzulu lezifungo. Kodwa ke Russian-Turkish imfazwe elandelayo.

"NaseGrabow, kodwa kakhulu nesibindi"

Ngowe-1769, i uMajor General oselula (iminyaka esithoba !!!) ulwa njengevolontiya. uhlobo akhe asebenzayo nje akwazi ukudlula up ithuba enjalo ukuzibonakalisa. Isimanga, kodwa abalandeli abanyanisekileyo iintshaba Potemkin uthe into efanayo: "Hayi jikelele ngayo - indawo engenanto, kodwa kunye kakhulu nesibindi siphelelwe nenkalipho edabini."

Yena wenyukela iindawo apho oko ukwenza kanye nto, yaye kwangaxeshanye bawonakalisayo abantu, kodwa walwa nabo ecaleni soze uzifihle ngakwilitye le amajoni. Potemkin wathabatha inxaxheba phantse onke amadabi umhlaba.

Kakade ke, kukho uluvo lokuba Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (kuyenzeka) kangaka a hero akunjalo, udaba lwakhe - isiphumo iingxelo laudatory igama uCatherine likaThixo. Nangona oku akulindelekanga: isibindi sakhe ukuba bathi iintshaba ezimbi. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi hlamusela ilahleko ngokungeyomfuneko kaninzi usisiyatha.

ozithandayo

Ngowe-1774, Potemkin uza enkundleni phezu kwamaphiko yozuko. Eagles ngelo xesha sele lihlazo, yaye ngenxa yokuba inkundla ngokukhawuleza kukho othandwayo entsha uCatherine. Gregory ngokukhawuleza ufumana kwisihloko count kunye elikwinqanaba Jikelele-in-oyiNtloko.

Ababhali-mbali bathi malunga nokuba ikude kangakanani na ukuzalana Potemkin noCatherine. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba nkqu intombi eBhayi ukususela ulwalamano lwabo.

Kuthiwa intombi yadluliselwa kwimfundo izalamane abakhulu igrafu ntsha. Igama lakhe Temkin, njengoko isithethe ngaloo minyaka bathi, ukuba oonyana abangengabo kufuneka banikwe igama likayise, ukuthatha kude ukusuka yokugqibela yegama lokuqala. Kodwa abazali bakhe UGrigory Potemkin and Catherine?

"Ngaba kukho inkwenkwe? .."

Xa Tretyakov Gallery kukho umfanekiso walo mfazi, ukuba ubukho bayo akukho imbambano. Uyise ingaba uGregory kakuhle, kodwa ukuba yena nguye unina Catherine? Isibakala sokuba waba ngexesha wokuzalwa Elizabeth sele engama-45 ubudala, nokuba eli xesha ezingafanelekanga yokuzalwa ezininzi, yaye ngaloo mihla into engakholelekiyo. Nantoni na, kodwa ngaloo minyaka lomlinganiselo Potemkin noCatherine aba banokuthenjwa.

Apha ke, ndithanda ukwenza kuphambuko kuso enye. Xa uKumkanikazi kubomi bakhe eninzi weenceke abanokuzityand. Ke bonke bephela, baphulukene ubabalo yomphathi, emva koko waya emthunzini, kwaye sele wenza lulodwa ukukhunjuzwa. Potemkin, waze kususwa evela enkundleni, kodwa wadlala indima enkulu kurhulumente, ngoko ke olungafanelekanga umgwebayo kuphela ngokwembono igosa abanetalente.

Ukwakhiwa of New Russia

Ngowe-1776, kukho uTimoti we uKumkanikazi wafumana umsebenzi ngokubaluleka zesizwe: ukwenza ilungiselelo of New Russia, Azov, enye umhlaba abekwezo ndawo. Phantse bonke bayavuma ukuba Prince UGrigory Potemkin Tauride kufikelelwe kule entsimini ngempumelelo emangalisayo. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba asenzele kumazantsi kwilizwe lethu ngaphezu Peter I kwi Northern Territory (debatable, njengokuba uPetros ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu). Waseka kwiidolophu ezininzi needolophana, apho izolo nje itshayelwe iiyunithi loonothwal, yaye kwakungekho nto ngaphandle emathafeni ingca ityholo.

Noko ke, ukuba usoloko ecinga malunga ubukhulu yelizwe labo, izicwangciso ukugqibezela kwezithandani of Turkey kunye nokubuyiselwa baseByzantium Empire endala phantsi kolawulo omnye kwinzala uCatherine II hatching. zange iphunyezwe isicwangciso, kodwa ingcamango kunye nokudliwa eCrimea sele uphunyeziwe ngokupheleleyo. Apho ke waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ekomelezeni imida eRashiya, ekusekweni isixeko inqaba. Ngokukodwa, nguye lowo wabeka isixeko Kherson, Odessa kunye nabanye.

Ize ubomi obutofotofo

Akuyi kuba akufuneki kuthi ukuba njengokufuna iziyolo Duke ngokwenene nento yentsini. Ngokukodwa, umnqwazi wakhe ibinzima phezu imihombiso kunye izivatho ebinazo ezingalweni zakhe, ukuba awuthwale ngocwangco. Kwanaxa mzuzu xa Catherine yena neendwendwe zakhe okukhethwayo predstavat ukuze uluntu ibhatyi lokuzingela elula, Potemkin wahlala enyanisekile yena, zaqaqamba bonke abakhoyo ayenechaphothi igolide nedayimani. Kwento enye kubonakala kwi yezakhiwo ka Potemkin: mzi ekuqaleni Kherson wakhawulwa kwisikali yokuba nkqu Moscow mihla azikwazanga kuye into umona. Xa kusenziwa oku, akukho nako ukuqonda isishumi sicwangciso.

"Ngokuba uluthuli, emehlweni," okanye eyenzekayo?

Ngowe-1787, uCatherine wagqiba ekubeni imbeko ingqalelo yakhe eCrimea. Potemkin, owayesele bamamkeleyo irenki njengoko Field Marshal, wayengenakukwazi ukubudlulisela up ithuba obalaseleyo kwakhona ukukhumbuza ngokwam. Ngoko ke ukuba 'ilali Potemkin ", nangona ngohlobo sithetha namhlanje, ngokwenene. Kwakhona - baba wokwenene kakhulu, ngokwenene abalimi babehlala ngokusisigxina kwezi zokuhlala, kodwa ngaphandle kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye uphephe ubunewunewu ezingeyomfuneko Gregory ngokucacileyo abakwazanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto, yaye kwakukho intetho malunga eyiyo kunye "engeyonene 'esabonwa UCatherine kunye abamenywa bakhe basemzini.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ngexesha utyelela uKumkanikazi eCrimea udale "inkampani Amazon," ezizodwa leyo bagaywe kuphela ukusuka amantombazana egazini amanene. Ngokwendalo, emveni kokuphuma Catherine ukuba apheliswe, njengoko Potemkin waqonda ngokugqibeleleyo ngamampunge olungagungqiyo ukuma yasemkhosini enjalo imfazwe yokwenene. Zonke isibizo esifanayo, "Field Marshal," yena nje kuphela ngenxa uvelwano ye uKumkanikazi. Nangona bonke ayaqonda ukuba umthamo kumsebenzi owenziweyo luthandwa lwe uKumkanikazi, ngokwenene emangalisayo, kulula kakhulu ukumxolela kukukhanuka olungagungqiyo obutofotofo kunye nobungangamsha.

Akhabayo kunye navumelanayo

A elinesibini enkulu neempahla amabini ezincinane abaqalise womsindo grand umboniso, elisuke laba apotheosis ngokutyelela UCatherine eya siqithi. Le fleet, owayebonakele kufuphi nonxweme eCrimea emoyeni, ingakumbi bothuka abasemzini, ababebapheleka uKumkanikazi.

Abaninzi ababephila kunye mbali bakholelwa ukuba umgangatho ekwakhiweni kwezi iinqanawa yaba "impefumlo-ukungenisa". Ewe, kuyinyaniso, kodwa ebudeni bemfazwe elilandelayo eTurkey, ezi iinqanawa siyidlalile indima ebalulekileyo, nakuba zonke amaphutha ayo. Yaba emveni koku Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, ogama engobomi kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku, ngokusesikweni wafumana itayitile "Tauride", nelibonisa ukuba impumelelo yayo ebalaseleyo kuphuhliso kumazwe amatsha.

Enye inkalo esibi isimilo sakhe ekungakwazini ukufumana kunye nezinye abantu Russian. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Potemkin Suvorov nako ukuma, umphathi imbeko waphendula ikratshi efanayo ethiyiwe ngokuphandle ingamampunge. Ukongezelela, umele ukuba wayesazi ukuba UGrigory Potemkin rhoqo liyahambisana kuye iminikelo yakhe endle UMENDO.

Nangona kwakukho Suvorov isizathu ukuhlonipha nabagxeki bakhe, kube ngenxa Potemkin umkhosi Russian ekugqibeleni Wazisusa ilifa Prussia ezitenxileyo ngohlobo iwigi, curls kunye braids, nto leyo eyenza imihla ngemihla ikhowudi dress lula kwaye aluncedo kakhulu. Oku kube lula kakhulu umsebenzi nzima ijoni. Ekugqibeleni, xa ithe kwamabutho Russian ngexesha layo, njengoko yenze okuninzi kuphuhliso olu hlobo amajoni. Lo msebenzi wamzalela isiqhamo 1812, xenikweni amahashe yaba amandla umxhelo iphambili nxamnye imikhosi ahlaselayo ka uNapoleon.

Kwakhona, umphathi omkhulu wavuma ukuba Potemkin - ngumququzeleli omkhulu ngasemva. Ngaphantsi kwabo, impi yakhe babengamazi zengxaki delivery kwangethuba izinto, izixhobo kunye yonke into efunekayo. Ngoko ngokwenene Prince UGrigory Potemkin wayekuthanda intlonipho nokuba iintshaba zakhe (leyo iyavala kuphela ngenxa yokuba ngamampunge nangobukhulu ezinye).

Ilitye kunye nokususwa

Career lakomkhulu - into ethe-ethe. Ndakufunda oku hero yethu, xa wajika enkundleni aya Plato Zurabov oselula. Le ndoda ayizange omncinane yedwa Potemkin, kodwa kwakungekho umququzeleli ngaphantsi onesiphiwo. Imihla ezazithandwa ezindala ababalwayo. Zurabov akazange afune ukubeka up kunye khona njalo i eyimbangi ubudala, yaye ngoko ke zanyanzelisa ukuba isuswe. Ngo1791, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe eSt Petersburg.

Luxury Last

Sele ngoJanuwari, oko kuza emva kwakhona, babuyele nomnye imfazwe Turkish. iinyanga ezine ezilandelelanayo i Tauride Palace , omnye emva komnye anikwa imithendeleko kakhulu ezintle kwaphela, leyo Potemkin wayichitha 850 lamawaka engange. Ngaloo mihla inani grand. Konke oku landela kuphela injongo enye - ukubuyisela ubabalo Catherine, kodwa sisigqibo yakhe ayehla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nkqu Zurabov waqonda ukuba undesirability Potemkin ukususwa imicimbi karhulumente, ukuze inkosana ukuguga thsuphe nje ukuba ubukho kwakhe okuqhubekayo eSt Petersburg ayinqweneleki.

Uthabatha inxaxheba ekuxoxiseni uxolo kunye neTurkey. Kodwa konke oku kwakuyinkqutyana: ilahleki eli xesha liguqulelwe uGrigory ukunyusa, wayengenakukwazi ukusinda ekuhlanganiseni kwakhe noCatherine. Ngenhlanhla, wagula kakhulu, kodwa wazama ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yelizwe. IYurophu, inkulungwane ye-18 apho, ngamanye amaxesha, yayiphumelela kwaye yavuselelwa, kungekudala yalahleka enye yezona zinto zikhohlakeleyo kwaye zingabonakaliyo koonyana bayo.

Usuku lokugqibela

Ngo-Oktobha 5, 1791, isikhulu sagula ngqo kwi-carriage, elandelwa ngu-Iasi eya eNikolaev. Amagama akhe okugqibela ayaziwa. Walaya ukuba umqeqeshi ayeke aze athi: "Konke, akukho ndawo eya kuyo, ndifa!" Ndikhuphe kwinqwelo: Ndifuna ukufa emhlabeni! "Abahamba kunye nabo bahamba ngokukhawuleza bathatha inkosi yabo kwintsimi yekwindla. Imizuzu embalwa kamva isikhulu sasiye. Wangcwatyelwa kwinqaba yaseKherson, kwintlanganiso yaseSt. Catherine (eyakhiwe phantsi kolawulo lwakhe).

Ngaloo ndlela wafa uGrigory Alexandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 gg.). Le ndoda ekhohlakeleyo yashiya uphawu olujulile kwimbali yelizwe lethu, ngoko ke indima yakhe ayikwazi ukulibala nawuphi na umzekelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphandle kwayo yonke into yayiyahluka.