Amakholwa - ngubani na le nto? Amakholwa Old kwaye babebambelele: umahluko

Namhlanje eRashiya kukho malunga 2 million Amakholwa Old. Kukho iilali omiweyo uphela abanamathele ukholo endala. Abantu abaninzi abahlala kwamanye amazwe: kumazwe of the kufuphi phesheya, Southern eYurophu, yaye IsiNgesi abathetha amazwe kweli lizwekazi South American. Nangona amanani amancinane, amakholwa Old mihla Sisamile iinkolelo zabo, musa ukudibanisa nikoniantsami ukugcina kumasiko ookhokho babo yaye abafuni "iimpembelelo Western".

iinguqu Nikon kaThixo kunye ukuvela 'splittism "

iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zenkolo, leyo bamanyane 'staroobryadstvo "gama, zinembali ende kabuhlungu. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, uBhishophu Nikon , ngenkxaso ukumkani kwenziwe utshintsho yonqulo, umsebenzi yayo ukuzisa iinkonzo zenkqubo kwaye ezinye izithethe ngokungqinelana "imigangatho" elungiselelweyo yiCawa kaConstantinople. Uhlaziyo kufuneka ibe ukwandisa iwonga kunye Russian Church Orthodox kunye norhulumente Russian kwi kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Kodwa asingabo bonke ibandla wamkela ezintsha kakuhle. Amakholwa - aba ngabantu abaye wafumana "incwadi evela ekunene" (iincwadi Ukuhlela ibandla), kunye ubunye ukunyelisa isikhundla zonqulo.

Yintoni kanye oko kwenziwa kwi-sikhokelo utshintsho?

Utshintsho ezivunywe ngamabhunga ibandla ngo-1656 no 1667, ngokulandelelana, umntu ongakholwayo ibonakale singabalulekanga. Umzekelo, ukuba yahlelwa ngu "UCreed": ngokuba ubukumkani bukaThixo bayalelwa ukuba bathethe kwixesha elizayo, okubhaliweyo kaYehova union contrastive kwaye isusiwe. Ngaphezu koko, igama elithi "uYesu" wayalelwa ukususela ngoku ukubhala ezimbini "kunye" (in kwisampula mihla ngesiGrike). Amakholwa Old abuxatyiswa. Njengokuba unqulo, ngoko ke usuke Nikon caba ezincinane ( "ilahle"), i "dvuperstie" zemveli indawo "troeperstiem" yaye "kuphela" Haleluya - ". Tregub" Zenkolo umngcelele nikoniantsy baqala ukwenza ilanga. Ezinye iinguqu rite uMthendeleko (Isidlo) nazo zenziwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwavusa utshintsho kancinane Ngokwesithethe umculo zecawa kunye iconography.

"Amakholwa", "Amakholwa Endala" yaye "abo babebambelele ': umahluko

Enyanisweni, onke la magama ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo otyunjwe ngabantu efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, la magama azikho ilingana: nganye umthunzi ethile intsingiselo.

Abahlaziyi nikoniantsy, etyhola iqela ebabecinga kwi ekwahlulweni zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, wasebenzisa igama elithi "uqhekeko." It ulinganiswa elithi "imbuka" nasimilo ingqalelo. Abanamathele ukholo zemveli kangangokuba akazange bazibize, zathanda elithi "AmaKristu Orthodox Ancient" okanye "abo babebambelele." "Amakholwa Endala" - eli gama ukuvumelana, wangena ukusetyenziswa kwi ababhali yehlabathi ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ekholwa ngokwabo akazange acinge ukuba alupheli njengoko siyazi, ukholo ayiphelelanga izithethe. Kodwa ke kwenzeka, ukuba naye lowo wamkela lonikezelo mkhulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye "Amakholwa Endala" imithombo wabhekisela kwabo abathi unqulo pre-Christian (yobuhedeni). Oku engalunganga. Amakholwa Old - nto, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, amaKristu.

Russian AmaKristu Old: bayahlelwa intshukumo

Njengoko ukunganeliseki kwabo abo babebambelele phantsi iziseko karhulumente, iziphathamandla kunye nezehlabathi kunye yabefundisi phantsi ukuhlukunyezwa eliphikisayo. Inkokheli yabo, umbingeleli uHabhakuki, eBha- waza watshiswa ephila. Bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela abaninzi abalandeli bakhe. Ngaphezu koko, amakholwa Old yoqhankqalazo kwango ngobuninzi self-bazibulala. Kodwa, Kakade ke, asingabo bonke aba njalo gung-ho.

Ukususela kwimimandla engundoqo ye Russian Nabo Old wasaba kummandla iVolga, i Urals, i-North, kwakunye ePoland naseLithuania. Phantsi Peter I, Amakholwa Old indawo ngcono. Bona apho amalungelo abo, kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule irhafu kabini, kodwa ababanga nako ukuqhuba ekuhleni unqulo lwabo. Phantsi uCatherine II amakholwa Old bavunyelwa ukuba babuyele eMoscow eSt Petersburg, apho uMenzi enkulukazi. Ekuqaleni "nsinya izikrufu" kwenkulungwane ye-19, urhulumente kwakhona ukwamkela. Nangona ingcinezelo, Russian Amakholwa Old ezininzi. Abarhwebi acebe kunye nempumelelo kunye mveliso, abalimi abaninzi nempumelelo kunye noqoqosho ababezalelwe kweli siko Ancient Orthodox "ukholo '.

Life nenkcubeko

KwiBolsheviks wabona akukho mahluko phakathi Novo kunye Amakholwa Old. Makholwa ukuba thutha kwakhona, eli xesha kakhulu kwi Yehlabathi Elitsha. Kodwa apho baye bakwazi ukulondoloza bangoobani wesizwe. Amakholwa Old inkcubeko kunokuba lwakudala. Abayi achebe icala leendevu zabo, musa ukusela utywala kwaye anditshayi. Abaninzi kubo banxibe iimpahla zesintu. Babebambelele kuqokelela imifanekiso yamandulo kwakhona yeencwadi ibandla bafundisa abantwana umbhalo Slavic yaye ecula kwesibhengezo.

Nangona ukwalela inkqubela, abo babebambelele badla uphumelele kwezoshishino kunye nezolimo. abacinga ngayo ayikwazi ngokuba egalelwe. Old Amakholwa - is abantu ilukhuni, zokunyanzelisa nangenjongo. abasemagunyeni utshutshiso bayiqinisa ukholo lwabo nomoya wobulali.