Novgorod eMoscow wokujoyina. Ziziphi ikhulu uqhagamshelo Enkulu Novgorod eMoscow

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XV, lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, leyo kwafuneka banyamezele Ivan III, iye yafakwa eMoscow e Veliky Novgorod. Kodwa asinguye Olwa kuphela ilizwe. amalungelo abo kubo bazama ukubonisa i-Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Ukuqala ungquzulwano

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo imbali iMoscow ibisoloko ngokusondeleyo enxulumene Novgorod. Iingcambu ungquzulwano ukubuyela kwi imfazwe feudal nolu- phakathi inzala ka-Prince nguDmitry Donskoy, yathatha amashumi ezininzi - ukusuka 1425 ukuya 1453.

The main amaqela alwayo baba Vasiliy Temny kunye nguDmitry Shemyaka. Emva kokoyiswa edabini igunya ke yokusabela yokugqibela Novgorod. Vasily i Dark waphumelela ngo 1449 ukuya asayine elinemali ngokwabo nesivumelwano umthetheli Lithuanian kwaye ngoko Polish ukumkani Casimir IV ukuba ngamnye amaqela akayi kwamkela endaweni yayo ababechasene zezopolitiko nganye enye. Ngaphezu koko, Lithuania ivumile ukuba uwise kuhlaselwa Novgorod. Emva kweminyaka 4 Basil ngoncedo yabantu bakhe abathembekileyo ityhefu Shemyaka.

isivumelwano of yazhelbitsy

Imbali Novgorod enezinto amadabi wamagazi. Omnye wabo kwenzeka ngo-1456 kwidolophu ekuthiwa Ruz. Ngoko ke imikhosi eMoscow bakwazi ukuthatha kuba lula yaye phantse ngaphandle ukuxhathisa. Kodwa kungekudala bahlaselwa Novgorod mahashe. Muscovites phantsi kobunkokheli irhuluneli Striga Basenko wazifihla ngasemva ukuphakama ezigqunywe likhephu. Baqala ke ukuba kutolwe ngeentolo hayi amadoda Novgorod kunye namahashe abo. Kwakukho ngumbhodamo. Novgorod banxiba isikrweqe enzima, ngoko abazange bakwazi ukulwa nangokomyinge the Muscovites. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi izinduna kwikhompyutha okanye babulawe.

Ngenxa yoko, eMoscow iye yazuza uloyiso ngokupheleleyo Novgorod. Ngelo xesha linye inani imikhosi yokuqala-qembu izihlandlo 20 ngaphantsi kuneyesibini. Emva kwexesha elithile Yazhelbitsy Vasiliy Temny wathabatha nonozakuzaku, elikhokelwa uBhishophu Novgorod Euthymius II ngenjongo wenza isivumelwano soxolo. Emva ezithile thethwano, amaqela usayine isivumelwano mazwe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuba iyivume kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule ophumeleleyo a ukhuselo elikhulu ngokwaneleyo, imali amawaka-8. Engange. Kodwa ukujoyina Novgorod eMoscow akazange athathe indawo. Uye wahlala ezizimeleyo.

Imeko emva kokugqitywa woxolo

Imbali Novgorod, uthi ngo-1136 waba freestyle Republic yokuqala ibekwe kwi kummandla Kievan Rus. Lwaphumelela kwiziko zedemokrasi ezifana seSigqeba. Ivela kude iziganeko ezakhokelela nokudliwa Novgorod eMoscow. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, asingabo bonke abemi ayexhasa geqe ilizwe labo yaye ukulungele ukuba anilwele kuyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amalungelo abemi abaqhelekileyo abangathathi ntweni badla wayehlonelwa, yaye labemi amahlwempu, olu sapho lwaluquka ngamakhoboka, bonke ndayihluthwa ilungelo lokuba abe khona kwi Chamber. Umsantsa ophakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu lalilikhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke abantu eziqhelekileyo Novgorod abazange babezimisele kulwa eMoscow ukuba kwamalungelo izinduna.

Ngowe-1460 Grand Duke Vasily weza wozakuzo ku Novgorod sothethathethwano. Kodwa ke abemi babe ngakuye yaye sazama ukumbulala. Ngoko waphula omnye impixano, nto leyo eye ekhutshelwe ilayisenisi yi Bishop uYona, ukugrogrisa abantu Novgorod i-Tatar ukuhlaselwa kunye Muscovites.

iminyaka emi-3 emva kokutyelela Novgorod INkosana eMoscow, kwiriphabliki wala inkxaso emkhosini Pskov, ucela ukuba amncede lokumtyhala balwe Knights Livonian. Uncedo lwavela eMoscow. Emva koko Novgorod wema endaweni ngokuphandle baziintshaba ngokuphathelele Pskov. Ngelo xesha, ukuba isigqibo-nkqubo osisilumko ungquzulwano Prince Ivan III.

neempikiswano ezintsha

Novgorod elite lonke ixesha phantsi koxinzelelo njalo lithi ezingabamelwane ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo - Moscow kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Izinduna ayazi kakuhle ukuba ukugcina ilifa labo liya kuba kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuthe ukuba ubuhlobo omnye wabo.

amanqaku ngembali eMoscow ukuya yokuba imbambano phezu uqhagamshelo komhlaba yayikhona Novgorod. Iingangamsha walwela umfelandawonye Duchy of Lithuania, kuba kulindeleke ukuba bagcine zonke amalungelo zabo, lo gama abemi abaqhelekileyo yaxhasa tsar Moscow, ngokuba ubuso bakhe babona, ingakumbi umphathi Orthodox.

Kubanga zokulwa

Ithuba, leyo wakhonza ngenxa ngeenyawo ngoMeyi 1471 xa i-Novgorod Enkulu, amarhe kuthiwa ebonisa ukuba uninzi izinduna, elikhokelwa Marfoy Boretskoy umhlolokazi sodolophu asayina isivumelwano ngecala Lithuanian of koNebhukadenetsare. mbali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba la marhe isizathu kuphela ubundlobongela. Ukanti kukho kwakhona yokuba Novgorod wacelwa ukuba abe isekela yinganga lakhe Lithuanian. Ukongeza, ukuba ufuna ukwenza i ozimeleyo ngakumbi eMoscow, ibandla. Kungenxa yoko le nto iphulo lokulwa Novgorod ufumene uhlobo imfazwe abawexuki kunye nokubuyiselwa Faith Orthodox.

elinye iphulo

Ngeli xesha le iye kulwa kwiRiphabliki okhokelwa le Moscow Prince Daniel Kholmsk. Ndimele ndithi ukuba kubonakele kubeka iintombi emngciphekweni omkhulu, ukususela yasentwasahlobo nyaka wema phandle kubanda kakhulu, kwaye inani elikhulu okwangoku ikhephu zaphela akwazi bacothe ngokubonakalayo advance-mkhosi phambili. Kodwa ukuba elinye eli phulo abakwazanga. Zolotaya Orda kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania wayekulungele ukuza ukunceda Novgorod.

Ngemihla Ekuqaleni kweli phulo kwakukho phantse ngaphandle kokulwa. impi eMoscow kwamandla wayithimba imizi lizwe, omnye emva komnye. Kuphela phakathi ku-Julayi kwabanjwa Shelonskoy edabini. Kwi ukulwa, umkhosi ekuvunyelwene Novgorod, eziquka-40 amawaka. Man, kunye nomkhosi 12000th yotshaba. Isiphumo sokugqibela kulo mlo wagqiba ekubeni enamandla kuhlaselwa eMoscow mahashe. Ayikaqondwa ehlelekile Novgorod engomelele gagasi.

kwiiveki ezi-2 emva kokuba Shilonskoy ukulwa, kukho elinye idabi kufuphi Shilengi River. Yaphelela kwakhona ngamlomo Muscovites. Waza waqala ezingxoxweni uxolo Korostyn.

Iziphumo ukuxolelana

Ngenxa yoko, Novgorod kwafuneka ukuba bashiye ukusekelwa i-Polish-Lithuanian uKumkani Casimir IV. Ukongeza, ukuba iyivume kuhlawulwa-15 amawaka. Engange, kwaye eneneni wayibona ubukhulu nobunganga boMgaqo isikhulu eMoscow. Ngoko ke eli phulo 1471 waba ngaphezu ngempumelelo. Ungqinile ukuba abantu eziqhelekileyo Novgorod, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya izinduna, abafuni ukulwa kunye nabamelwane babo.

Inxalenye bayahlelwa Republic sele ekufanele bayifumane. Kodwa uqhagamshelwano lokugqibela Novgorod eMoscow kuya kwenzeka kuphela emva kweminyaka 7.

umkhankaso yokugqibela

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1477 ayikho nonozakuzaku yokuqala Novgorod bafika eMoscow. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba akukho wathunyelwa vechem, kunye neqaqobana izinduna. Babefuna a ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza kwaye bokuphela ulawulo Moscow, oko kubanika ilungelo ukugcina lonke ilizwe layo nobutyebi. Oku abafundile Novgorod. Chamber izinduna embalwa ezayo pro-eMoscow babulawa yaye beza abaxhasi amandla isikhulu Lithuanian. Kodwa ulawulo lwalulolwexeshana.

Ngo-Oktobha 1477 yaba uhambo yokugqibela kwiRiphabliki phantsi kobunkokheli Ivan III. Ngeli xesha, umkhosi Novgorod andizanga, bephuma kuwo umzi. Baqala zingxoxo elide. Emva kweenyanga 2, i Muscovites kwagalelwa phambili iimfuno lokugqibela. Ebonisa Ukutshitshiswa kwezithuba kunye nokupheliswa Posad Chamber khona. Nezi mfuno ezimbini Novgorod wavuma, kodwa iingxoxo ukulondolozwa iingangamsha zabo ngamafa libaziseko. Ekugqibeleni, kwakusafuneka befunde ukunika iTshawe eMoscow eMonastri kunye nomhlaba Vladychna. Ngako oko ke thethwano zagqitywa. NgoJanuwari 15, umthetheli eMoscow layo lwakhe ephelekwa wamajoni wangena esixekweni ngaphandle umlo.

iziphumo

Nakule ka 1478 - umnyaka ukulawula ka Novgorod eMoscow. Imfazwe ekugcineni phezu. Eli xesha kwakungekho sokubulala, kodwa kartel ezininzi ntsapho bagxothwa Novgorod. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho kunye Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya kunye nomzukulwana wakhe. Kamva, yena waye tonsured nhloko, kunye nezinto zakhe sithathiwe.

Xa Novgorod iye yafakwa eMoscow, onke amazwe waqalisa ukulawula 4 kwirhuluneli, lowo unelungelo lokuba alahle iqashiso aze akhokele iinkundla. Trade, ezolimo kunye noshishino ngoku wenziwe phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente omtsha.

ubunkokheli elingengangani kunye Chamber sele ziphelisiwe. Uphawu ukuzimela Novgorod kaThixo - intsimbi ibandla - ezithathiweyo. Ukususela ngoko, waba isixeko lesibini, kunye impangele ubunini yonyuke phantse oluphindwe-2. yaphela ke ibali Veliky Novgorod njenge republic, eyathatha ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.