Xa Stalin wafunda ukusuka yamangcwaba? Kutheni Stalin wafunda ukusuka yamangcwaba?

Isiko ndizibhukuqe izithixo asinto intsha. Emva kokuba XX Congress of the CPSU eSoviet Union waqhubeka emile ezikhumbuzo umfi ngo-1953, le nto yinkokeli yepati, kodwa kwiminyaka 2-3, inkokheli eSoviet waqonda oko, wanika umyalelo ukuqalisa nokudilizwa zabo. Kodwa ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka mbelukazi elula umgangatho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo enkulu kunye BAS-imikrolo oqingqiweyo amabanjwa kunxweme enamatye i Kolyma. Kodwa lesikhumbuzo ibalulekileyo uzwilakhe umfi kwikomkhulu, eMoscow, xa intliziyo oko. Stalin Umakhi elele ecaleni akaguquki obungenakutshatyalaliswa, kunye Cornerstone amanqugwala Ma uMdali lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali yokuqala ehlabathini, apho yena elibeke, kunye. Ukuze uNojaji Leninist norms yokulawulwa kuNobhala First of the CPSU N. S. Hruscheva le ndawo yaba nodandatheko.

Yamangcwaba of Lenin

Ukuze ukujongana oyidingayo na umqondiso Soviet, kufuneka ezinye ubuke ekuqaleni kuka 1924, kufuneka uqwalasele iziganeko eyalandela ukufa V. I. Lenina.

Njengoko yinkokeli yamaBolshevik Party kubukho bukaThixo, uze emva koko uye kwicala kwesithethe uphila banyangwe ngokufanelekileyo, oko kukuthi phantse nto.

Kakade ke, kule minyaka kweMfazwe Civil, kwasekwa iseti ethile kwezithethe ezazihamba lo ndlelantle ababelwa kwabafileyo ulonwabo zabantu. iinkqubo komngcwabo ziquka, njengoko umthetho, ukwehla amalaphu anomyalezo ebomvu, kwenziwa ngobhedu omculo Party umhobe - "The Internationale," intetho (ngamanye amaxesha kwezopolitiko abangafundanga) combat ezahlukeneyo (hayi) namaqabane (hayi akusoloko ziingcathu), ilandelwe yi kOsenyangweni izibhambathiso yaye uthembisa ukuba aziphindezelele "counter" .

Kwimeko umzobo onobungangamsha ezinjalo, ezifana Lenin, oku akuzange ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye ngoko nokucwangciswa inkonzo yomngcwabo, kubandakanywa iingcali kunye nemfundo engaphelelanga secawa, uQabane Stalin. Le yamangcwaba, enziwe iibhodi zibethelelwe ekuqaleni, yafakwa ebhokisini, yaye bonke abantu babona yinkokeli aswelekileyo yesigaba behlabathi. Ekubeni abantu abaninzi, abantu belo xesha ufikelelo umzimba liye landiswa, kwaye ke kwaye kwagqitywa ukulondoloza indlela isidumbu yabaqholiweyo. Oku kwenziwa emva kwexesha kakhulu.

isayensi mausolean

Ezili emzimbeni yenzululwazi Lenin Umakhi Soviet wenze idabi omkhulu ngakwicala ekhethekileyo. Phambi koko kwakukho amatyala laloo nto ngempumelelo zabafileyo, kwamanye amazwe, kumaxesha amandulo, wafuna abantu baye ukugcina umzimba iqokobhe abalawuli babo nosaziwayo, kodwa ezi zakhono, osewufikelele umgangatho zobugcisa, yimfihlo, kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba ilahleko.

Kwimbali yakutshanje, eyaziwa ityala elibandakanya yabaqholiweyo kwezobuchwepheshe eziphuhliswe ugqirha omkhulu Pirogov, ndayinikela kuye emva kokufa kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela waba, ekubonakala, oluninzi ubuqili, ukudlala kwakungelulanga. Ngoko ke anatomists Soviet kwafuneka ukuba zizakhele indlela yabo, ezaziquka kuphela ukuba umsebenzi wokulondoloza izihlunu, kodwa ukululama buso. Stalin walala yamangcwaba phantse esithoba ubudala, umzimba wakhe waba naye, bamqhola uSirayeli, yaye iingcali abasebenza elebhu ekhethekileyo echaphazelekayo ukugcinwa ka Ma Lenin kaThixo, ngokusengqiqweni bacinga ukuba nanamhlanje, emva kwamashumi lulele engcwabeni oluqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umzimba inkokeli yesibini Soviet yi ngendlela kungabi nzima. Nakuba sikho bamathidala.

Ezingcwele ngonaphakade?

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba ukubeka up kwiinginginya kuyacetyiswa ukuba ngokutsha umzimba ufile, ngoku ubuxoki kunokuba kwi yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko ngaphezu ezopolitiko. Inani labantu elifumene igama Lenin lingcwele, namhlanje mkhulu kakhulu, nangona ukuthi kukho bani konke konke, nayo akunakwenzeka.

Akukho oyidingayo kangako kubemi abaninzi eSoviet waba umzimba Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Ukususela ngowe-1953 ukuya 1962, babesazi ukuba abalawuli ezikhulu zazibini, kunye comrade revolution uLenin Stalin - kule yamangcwaba. Iifoto imizimba yazo phantse zange ishicilelwe, kodwa ababanga nako ukubona wonke umntu waya eMoscow yabamba ulutya elide. Kubonakala ukuba ngoku kuya kusoloko.

olahlwa

Ebudeni beminyaka yolawulo kuStalin baye engazanga idalwe "umntu omtsha", ayimfuneko ukuze soyise kobuKomanisi. Kodwa kwakukho omnye uhlobo, yoncedo intloko uhlobo eSoviet. Lo mlinganiswa ngoyena ngaso linye no ngokokubona kwentloko iqela, yaye ukuba madolw 'anzima, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo enomgca jikelele.

Okuphoxayo kukuba, oko iindlela zolawulo Stalin kaThixo isetyenzisiwe isigqibo ngaphandle uNobhala Jikelele elonileyo isidumbu Leninist norms kuluhlu zingcwele ezisemthethweni Soviet. Asingabo bonke inkxaso eli phulo labasebenzi zesityalo laseKirov waba ngaphakathi uyavumelana naye. Xa Stalin bafunda Umakhi, amanye amalungu ikhomishini ukuba nokungcwatywa iinyembezi. Imihlathi kwashiya engcwabeni a intabalala ezimbalwa yomhlaba kwaphoswa. Kwaba ngqindilili, kodwa loqhankqalazo, kungasathethwa mvukelo nedotyagivaet. Apho amagosa nesibindi baziphethe baba yinxalenye yeqela yomngcwabo. Abavuma ukunciphisa ibhatyi kunye amaqhosha I. V. Stalina esenziwe ngegolide, njengoko akhuthazwa ngokwalo kuqala, baza demoted. Ezinye iziganeko eziye zenzeka.

"Eli phulo ezivela ngezantsi"

Stalin laqalisa ukususwa ngokusesikweni yebhunga ukusuka yamangcwaba uthathwa ukuba unobhala yokuqala mbutho Leningrad iqela yengingqi, uQabane. Spiridonov I. V. Kodwa ke nenza nokuhlelwa eqhelekileyo lodweliso, ngokutsho apho ndawonye nje zigcinwe ibhudlwa inginginya bosebenzayo, kwaye, kakade, ukuba intloko.

abasebenzi abasebenzi Assembly laseKirov kusenokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke, kodwa ajenda kunye isigqibo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, elungiswe kwangaphambili and approved "phezulu". imvelaphi ebalulekileyo yembali ngaphandle Umakhi apho Stalin kwenziwa.

1961 kwaphawulwa iziganeko ezininzi kubomi lonke ilizwe. Yena Umise kwinkongolo elilandelayo iqela, XXII. izinto lwangaphakathi akubona, amaxabiso ezizezona liyenyuka. Izihlwele ezibanzi abantu abasebenza kuthelekiswa ngokuzithandela kwaye engathandi kunye Khrushchev ngexesha elidlulileyo, apho, phezu koko, zehla. Abantu khumbula lulungile urhwebo lwabo ngaphezu embi. Nditsho kokuba abantu bokuqala ukungena isithuba kwaye avavanye isigxina hydrogen kakhulu ezinamandla kunokusivala ngenxa yokunqongophala inyama kunye ayi kwi ngokuyinxenye kwiivenkile.

Night kunye imfihlakalo

Ukususwa kukaStalin ukusuka yamangcwaba yabanjwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kuvotwe zivumele Congress. Oku kwenzeka ngaxeshanye kungcwatywa kufutshane yesicelo eludongeni, apho kwakukho khona ingcwaba pre-ukugrunjwa, ukukhanya ngqo kuyo spotlight.

Esekwe kwangaphambili, iipanele ngamaplanga, ibiyelwe off-nxaxheba kule nkqubo, kokubini abaphilileyo nabafileyo, emehlweni prying. Option emngcwabeni Novodevichy Amangcwaba akalahlwanga ukuze uphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Mhlawumbi zonke i kusiyiwa zokwalatha engcwabeni nemithathu.

Xa Stalin wafunda kwi yamangcwaba, kunye iyunifomu yakhe asike zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo ngohlobo epaulettes igolide generalissimo, inkwenkwezi Hero of Socialist wezaBasebenzi amaqhosha edume, endaweni leyo ngokungxama athungwe zezobhedu. Imbali ayithethi ukuba ngubani loo nto.

Akukho ngokudlula kwi-Red Square, abambalwa amapolisa abadlulayo-ebusuku wachaza ukuba ukulungiselela ekundleni wokuwonga elaa 7 kuNovemba.

hits Last

Ebusuku, xa Stalin kuthwalelwa phandle Umakhi, engazi bakhe, wamkela amabutho Soviet. Phezu kombekelelo wamatye lngaba amatanki ezinqunquthayo, iinjini alo oomatshini zokulwa loyikekayo, kwaye ekhandiweyo inyathelo nomkhosi iboniswe ukusuka ezindongeni yesicelo. Uzilungiselela enyanisweni zenzeke, kodwa yena lowo wafa kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo, umthetheli Ephakamileyo waba ekundleni ngokwenene.

Ngelo xesha, malunga nomnyango wendlu sele ezifotwe, endaweni yayo sele ukulungele ukugcina nkqu ileyibhile kaStalin abanegama elifanayo, kodwa kuya kuthatha ufakelo ixesha, kwaye I KSysGuard applet ayikuxhasi nje lokuchitha isiqwenga mba elithi "uLenin". Kusasa engcwabeni ephambili eSoviet Union wayecebe kuvuleleka kuluntu. Qikelela impendulo yabantu kwakunzima, kodwa le ngxaki wayezama ukusombulula lo mbutho yeyona inempembelelo eSoviet - iKGB.

eliyinhloko

Le lesikhumbuzo wayengekho elide, a slab oxwesileyo kuphela heavy eqingqiweyo ngokufutshane kunye oonobumba neenombolo, wenza igama, umhla kunye iqela imida ubomi mbumbulu. Lengcwaba njenge imisebenzi umhlola oqingqiweyo N. Tomsk wabonakala phantse elishumi emva Stalin ngaphandle bamthwala Ingcwaba.

1970 kwaba nzima ukuba ubudlelwane eSoviet-Chinese. E China, inkokheli Brezhnev yayigqalwa zabaphichothi, inkokheli kwabafileyo iziqu nangokomyinge Mao wayecatshukiswa indelelo kwinkumbulo yakhe. Kodwa eSoviet Union ekupheleni gqira wokugxeka malunga Stalin waxa indlela "olufezekileyo" Ngokwembali, ivakalise ukuqondwa ukuba nqulo kwaba Yebo, kodwa ubuntu kwenzeka.

siyini

Uloyiko ukuba, ndakuqonda malunga ukungabikho uthuthu yamangcwaba abantu Stalin bakaThixo ukuba lizo, baba lilize. iminxeba ezingasafunwayo, Kakade ke, ayibikho, kodwa akazange aye ngaphaya yesiqhelo ukukrokra elimxinwa-nye.

Abasebenzi of State Security ephawulwe ukuvela iziqhulo kwezopolitiko, nto leyo eyinxalenye kuphekwa phantsi Document of site elizayo yokungcwabela kuNobhala lokuQala Khrushchev. "Oku Nikita uqhekeke yakhe bhedana, uQabane Lenin" - ngokungathi Stalin wathi Vladimir Ilyich kunye aksenti yakhe edumileyo abaseAfrika, weva ukubharhula emnyango elingasemva Umakhi.

Izizathu ukungoneliseki ngaba kwakhokelela iingxabano ezininzi, edume leyo kwimvukelo Novocherkassk okwenzekileyo kungekudala, kodwa umzimba ufile ihamba ezi ubudlelwane uchulumanco waba, abantu bayamkela utshintsho kwenzeka kakhulu nje kwi-Red Square. Fans iindlela ngqwabalala xa ubuso ngamaKomanisi "beqinile" wabeka iintyatyambo ngonyaka ngamnye ngoMatshi 5 no-21 Disemba ngenxa yamangcwaba, apho ingcwaba Stalin kaThixo engqongwe ngamanye amangcwaba iinkokeli avelele iqela. Ezi zoqhankqalazo kulinganiselwe.

Memory and History

Ngokwembono ngummi eziqhelekileyo Russia, okhulele engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, enkulu yale imbali lisenokubhidekisa. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni umahluko osisiseko phakathi abemi emangcwabeni, bemi namhlanje kwi-Red Square?

Kulo nyaka xa Stalin lwaqhutywa kulo Umakhi, uluvo oluphambili ukuba ubunkokheli beqela wazama (kunye nempumelelo) ukuba kuziswe ezingqondweni inginginya, yaba ingcamango yokuba uLenin Wamitha konke kulungile, kodwa kwathi emva kokuba iinkokeli ngokufaka icebo lakhe. Kwaye kuphela Ngoku, xa amandla ekugqibeleni bafika dear Nikita Sergeyevich, yonke into ihamba ngendlela ekumele. Nantsi ke, i Leninist oyinyaniso.

Indoda Modern owaziyo kwaye uyaziqonda nohlobo yobukomanisi, amaxesha amaninzi akucaci kutheni Stalin yasuswa ukusuka Umakhi of uLenin akukho. Impendulo ilula, umbandela kwezenkcubeko sengqondo yonke imbali ilizwe lwawo. Zihlonele iinkolelo zabo, ngenxa yokwaluphala akakwazi kwaye akafuni ukutshintsha kubo, oko kuyimfuneko. In Russia aphesheya, live namhlanje kunjalo ngabantu eziluncedo, uzibophelele,, iinjongo zobuKomanisi. Kwaye kufuneka kuqwalaselwa ukuba sifuna ukuba ahlonitshwe kunye nenzala yethu.