Yintoni ubukomanisi wesizwe?

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo esi sifundo, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ukuba yintoni na ubukomanisi yesizwe. Yintoni indima yaso kwimbali kunye kwilizwe lethu ehlabathini? Ngapha koko, ubukomanisi yesizwe - kuyinto ebaluleke gqitha ukuba ibali lonke!

definition

Ngoko ke, lo ubukomanisi wesizwe - intshukumo kwezopolitiko, amalungu bafuna ukudibanisa engahambelaniyo: ubuKomanisi kunye kobuzwe. Livela le kuthiwa kubangelwa ikakhulu le Ukraine ka-1917-1920, eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi yangaphambili Russian. Injongo Communism lesizwe ukwenza kwindawo yokuqala, lo lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali, yaye okwesibini, uluntu wamaKomanisi, olusekelwe phezu nomdla wesizwe, iimpawu zenkcubeko indawo nobumi eyahlukileyo.

Kunye nabameli iphambili yale intshukumo kwi Ukraine: uNikolay Hvylevoy Nicholas Skrypnyk, Alexander Shumsky, Michael Volobuev.

iimpawu

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le Movement noxanduva nokudala uluntu zamaKomanisi, kodwa kufuneka ukuba isekelwe imitsalane bolunye uhlanga oluthile. Ingcamango yobukomanisi yesizwe, amaqela eyayiyixhasa wakhe uyalahlwa epheleleyo ukutshintshwa lwenkcubeko lesizwe kulo naluphi na olunye ulwimi jikelele, kunye nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba lo mkhuba inkxaso ingcamango umbuso ozimeleyo eyahlukileyo, Asikokungena ezitshatileyo ziiriphabliki yali ngokusekelwe yokuzithandela. Ngokuhambelana kunye ngasentla, ukuhanjiswa Communism kazwelonke bamelane jikelele kunye cosmopolitanism.

Lo mmandla, nto leyo batwabulule intshukumo yezopolitiko

Kakade ke, lo mbutho akazange ayisekho kuphela kwintsimi Ukrainian, kodwa kwezinye republic eSoviet Union, ezifana eGeorgia.

Ke ukuba ubukomanisi yesizwe Ukrainian, wahlala enamandla kakhulu phakathi republic. EMoscow aza alwa nxamnye iziganeko ezinjalo, kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba ukuphelisa kubo, kodwa kwimeko kunye norhulumente Ukrainian akuphumelelanga. Ngapha koko, Ukraine ebesoloko luluvavanyile kumzabalazo esebenzayo inkululeko, leyo yena wafuna. Le meko efanayo, kwaye emva kokuba Revolution, xa Ukrainian Republic iphumelele ilungelo lokuba kubizwa ngokuba geqe ngo-1920. Moscow, Noko ke, ushiye sivumelwano kuphela ephepheni, yaye waqhubeka ukumela Ukraine ekuhlaleni ngamazwe, apho urhulumente basabela koqhankqalazo yakutshanje.

Noko ke, emva kokuba ukusekwa kwe-USSR le meko Ukraine ozimeleyo waqala ukuphelelwa ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba urhulumente wakhe wayefuna ukuba aqhube i Ukrainization epheleleyo kwaye endaweni abo ngamandla nabantu iingcambu kuphela Ukrainian. Noko ke, abasemagunyeni eMoscow la manyathelo ukuba ingcinezelo yesizwe sabantu Russian kwi kummandla Ukrainian Republic. Phantsi kolu xinzelelo, intshukumo yezopolitiko Ukraine ndabethwa kwi ndawo ka Bolshevism National.

National ubuKomanisi. Imbali yezopolitiko ingenzeka

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, ukuvela kulo mbutho bobabo Ukraine. Kuye kwasekwa ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala kwamandla Soviet. Kubalulekile ngelo xesha incwadana Mazlaha Rascal kwaye yayibizwa ngokuba "I Wave". ababhali yawo baqiniseka ukuba bayitshabalalise le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ingcinezelo yesizwe, eseleyo emva kokuba urhulumente tsarist wothiyiweyo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa unqamla uxhulumaniso Ukraine ukusuka uBukhosi Russian. Kwakhona ayekholelwa ukuba Communist Party of Ukraine kufuneka ukuba zitshintshwe zibe intlangano eyahlukileyo yezopolitiko. Ngomlomo kunye Rascal ngqwabalala wagxeka sengqondo lukarhulumente, lowo eMoscow ukuya ingxaki yesizwe Ukrainian. Ababhali ncwadana waphupha zamaKomanisi ezizimeleyo Ukraine, kodwa izinto ezimbini awahambisani ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoko ke, le ncwadana "Wave" liye laba umthombo yokuqala, owathi iingcamango kazwelonke-ubukomanisi, kwaye isiseko ukuzalwa ikhosi entsha, sanga singabamiselwe ekuweni kunqandwa.

Ngokubanzi, intshukumo sidibanisa iintsingiselo zopolitiko ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiyalelo, ingcinga leyo yaba 'lenguqulelo yobukomanisi zonke kunokudala uluntu eSoviet. "

Ubangelwa intshukumo ye zentlalo-ubukomanisi on intsimi Ukrainian

Ukuvela oku eUkraine kwabangelwa zenene kwezopolitiko ixesha, kwaye mhlawumbi Ukungakhuli noqhekeko utyekelo Ukrainian lwentando yesininzi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kakhulu isixa zinto idemokrasi Ukrainian kucingwa ukuba ukuphepha imeko embi liya kusebenzisana kuphela kwiBolsheviks. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba yobukomanisi kazwelonke, ogama nembali sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet, wagwetyelwa ukufa.

Ukrainization and impumelelo yayo

Eli phulo kwaqala Ukraine ngo-1920. Injongo Ukrainization ke, okokuqala, ukubuyisela zonke kwizakhelo kwi iinkokheli ekuhleni Ukrainian, yaye okwesibini, ukwazisa ulwimi Ukrainian kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu.

Eyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo Ukrainization ulwimi Ukrainian kuwo onke amanqanaba kunokwenzeka. abameli zangoku baye benza ukuba semthethweni liphulo lesizwe ndawonye Ukrainian. Kwaye ke baphumelele entsimini wenkqubo yenkcubeko, nto leyo yenzelwa kumzabalazo wokulwa ubuntshovu-Russian kunye nobuzwe Ukrainian. abameli umsinga iseli eyayizalwa yolwimi Ukrainian kunye nenkcubeko Ukrainian.

National Communism phantsi koStalin zicinezelwa kakhulu. Kwaye bonke abo abaxhasa ingcamango kunye nentshukumo, wathumela squad badubula. Ngenxa yoko, Kakade ke, abameli intshukumo wothiyiweyo kakhulu zoyika umphathi eSoviet Union.

Izinto ezibangela le zentlalo-ubukomanisi eRashiya

Ngoko, ulwazi yokuqala malunga Social-Democracy eRashiya, nto leyo yaba ubukomanisi emva kweminyaka emininzi, wabonakala xa Georgi Plekhanov iguqulelwe kulwimi lweenkobe "Communist Manifesto."

Rhoxisa kwi Russian uBukhosi serfdom lihlazo ngo-1861 yaba ngunobangela ngokukhawuleza kummandla ubudlelwane Russian nkulu, ekube ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, eli lizwe ugcina iziseko ezifanayo: lobuzwilakhe, amalungelo ngenxa wabanumzana, abakhulu ifike ngamafa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu baqalisa ukukhulisa ubhalo olululo le meko. Waza waqala ukuqokelela namaqela ngamaqela ezopolitiko, kuquka i-Russian Social-Democratic Party. Ngoko ke, lo mbandela cwaka baya utshintsho omkhulu kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Kwaye apha kulapho kuqaleka wesakhiwo iqela langoku ukubeka Congress ye2 Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party ngo-1903, eyayibanjelwe eLondon. Kule nkongolo satyikitya amaxwebhu eziphambili kunye neeprogram ukwenzela uphuhliso lwentlalo-ubukomanisi eRashiya. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi ngeenkongolo ayikwazanga ngokusemthethweni kwenziwa phezu kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya, ngokuba umsebenzi ezinjalo ngelo xesha nje akunakwenzeka eRashiya.

Ngomhla efanayo 2 nd Congress lwaluyeyona ukwahlukana phakathi iiBolsheviks kunye Mensheviks, leyo kamva kwakhokelela ukuba iziganeko vuhlayiseki zembali eyaguqula iRussia ngokupheleleyo.

Wabonakala kulo mzabalazo e Vietnam

Yintoni ephawulekayo ubukomanisi yesizwe Vietnamese? Ibali iya ukuba Party wamaKomanisi wazalwa eVietnam ngowe-1951, khona kwada 1981. Isigqibo malunga nokusekwa Communist Party of Vietnam eyaye yamkelwa Congress of the ICP kunyaka 51 th. Xa nesiqalo, ngoko kwalo kude French Communist Party kunye, bona, ngokwaso yahlulwe 3 amaqashiso: Khmer Abantu Revolutionary Party, i-Lao People kaThixo Party kunye Vietnam Labour Party.

Emva kokuphela Vietnam War waqalisa nokuqhubekeka elikhutheleyo ingcamango wokusungula uluntu lwamaKomanisi kweli lizwe. Kwaye ke inyathelo ukuba ubukomanisi sokuqala yaba phantsi kwesizwe beebhanki kunye neenkampani ezinkulu. Sele ngo-1976, uMzantsi kunye North Vietnam zadityaniswa waza waba Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Sele phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, Vietnam iseke ikhonkco obuluqilima USSR, kwaye ngo-1976 benza umnqophiso ngayo ubuhlobo. Lonke elo xesha, i-Union ngokubonakalayo banceda Vietnam ukwakha emva imisebenzi olunengcwangu yombutho nommandla wayo. ESoviet Union bakhuthalele ikhuthaze yokomelezwa Communism kweli lizwe Vietnam. Kukho badla wathumela ukuba iingcali Russian ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. I-Union of Vietnamese weza phezu exchange ukufunda kwiiyunivesithi Soviet.

Kodwa ke kwakhona, eVietnam imfazwe kunye Cambodia, uze emva koko eTshayina. Imfazwe zange kube kudala, iiveki nje ezintathu, ukususela ngoFebruwari 17 ukuya 5 Matshi 1979. Yaphela Bulelani eSoviet Union, leyo wangenelela waza wanceda ayeke neemeko phakathi eVietnam, China ngendlela enoxolo. Kodwa nangona isisombululo ngokukhawuleza kwimpixano, Vietnam ushiye eninzi yabantu, ngenxa yoko obo uqoqosho.

Khuphela elalisakuba yiSoviet eVietnam kwakhokelela ngobuhlwempu bayo ngothi. Eneneni, kwezinye iindawo uqoqosho lwelizwe yayisekelwe kuphela lweshishini yabucala. Malunga nalo mba kwaba eziliqela iinguqu, nto leyo yakhokelela kwezinye izithintelo ziphaphazele, kwaye amafama ukuba athengise ezinye iimveliso zawo kwimarike.

Kodwa emva yiSoviet Union iwa, ngokulandelelana, wema kunye noncedo le ndawo. Eli lizwe ngaphandle yabo ntlekele eyoyikekayo, ukunqanda ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye imbuya. Ngokunxulumene nale meko ngxelo imbi of Vietnam iye imida yayo koosomashishini baseYurophu, baye baqalisa ukuba utyalo kuqoqosho kunye noshishino.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kakhulu, Vietnam i republic bobusoshiyali. Ke kaloku kukho ishishini kubakhenkethi luqhuba ngenkuthalo. Holidays e Viet Nam ngoku kwemfuno enkulu phakathi kwabantu Russian.

Ubukomanisi eVietnam kuboniswa ngendlela sisiba ngumntu kancinane, nangona sifunda eSoviet Union. Republic buvuleleke ukuba neentlobano kwezoqoqosho kunye namanye amazwe.

Iinkcazelo

Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba anike inkcazelo kweekhonsepthi ezifana "socialism yesizwe", "ubukomanisi" yaye "Fascism". Ngoba abantu abacinga ukuba bayazi kakuhle ezimbalini, ephosakeleyo kwezi nkcazelo.

Socialism yeSizwe - luhlobo yesixhobo yoluntu eliquka socialism kunye nobuzwe (nobuhlanga). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ntshukumo, xa ke, yahlulahlulwe ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Ngaphezu koko, ilungelo usebenza ngakumbi igama elithi "kwiSocialism" kwaye ezikufutshane USSR, kodwa ekhohlo ugxile "ubuzwe", elibhekisela kupolitiko kaHitler ngokusekelwe nobuhlanga ekwimo yakhe eyiyeyona kakhulu. Abaninzi bathi le nkcazelo yobuFasi, yaye abazange babone kakhulu umahluko.

Fascism - kwicala lezopolitiko iquka lozwilakhe, kunye nokusetyenziswa ubundlobongela kakhulu (ingakumbi wathinta amaYuda). Luhlanganisa ne ubuzwe kunye nobuhlanga. Le intshukumo kukhokelela wayekhanyela olupheleleyo lwamalungelo oluntu nenkululeko, kuba uloyiko lokuba ihlabathi. Ngoko ke, namhlanje ehlabathini lonke ngenkuthalo alwe kubonisa Fascism. I-siseko emiselweyo emiselwayo lwamanqaku ukuba kubonwe nasiphi na isenzo umlinganiswa zwilakhe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona ukuba inkundla kwenkulungwane yama-21, wabonakala yobuFasi, ngelishwa, sibe nendawo eYurophu. Kodwa yona, umzabalazo esebenzayo nxamnye iziganeko ezinjalo.

Noko ke, kukho umahluko, yaye kakhulu. Ngoko ke yintoni na ebonakalisa?

Umahluko phakathi iSocialism yeSizwe, ubuKomanisi, Fascism

Kwaye ke umahluko phakathi kwala magama ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ukuba Fascism wakukhangela njengoko element yokuqala, kwaye ufunde: "Urhulumente kudala uhlanga", le socialism yesizwe umchazela ingcamango yokuba izinto zikarhulumente njengendlela ukuze asindise abantu. Injongo yakhe yayikukuba ngokutsha urhulumente eluntwini. Socialism National inkxaso ingcamango ngokobuhlanga zokucoca, ulahle zonke ezinye izinto. Kwimeko eJamani, le mbono Wawuyinxalenye Nation Aryan. AmaNazi bafuna ngokwenene amandla phezu zonke iinkalo ubomi kumntu ngamnye. Oku Kucingwa ukuba kokukhatywa amalungelo amaninzi oluntu asisiseko.

Ekuqaleni-1930 wangumlawuli eJamani lafika Social isizwe, ikhokelwa ngu Adolf Hitler. Ngoko ke, phantse nangoko waqalisa intshutshiso yamaYuda, baza baqalisa ukutshabalalisa zehle kakhulu. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba imbali Ngenkohlakalo. I-National Socialist zaye uceba ukusebenzisa ezinye izizwe ngamakhoboka emva kokuba kutshatyalaliswe yamaYuda kunye iwuthimbe lo ihlabathi liphela.

Ngethamsanqa, le ngcamango zange kube njalo, nangona wakwazi ukuba azise eninzi intlungu lonke inani labantu. Inani elikhulu amaYuda babulawa kule nkampu, abantu abaninzi shot.

Ke ukuba yobukomanisi, apha kakhulu, kukho ezinye iinkalo. Kodwa kuqala, kufuneka sichaze ukuba yintoni na ubukomanisi.

Ubukomanisi - kuba ukungabi yezopolitiko omkhanyelayo nayiphi na ipropati yabucala. Kukholelwa ukuba le ideology nephupha. Intsingiselo yalo mbono ibonisa binzana ulandelayo: "ukusuka elowo ubuchule bakhe, elowo - ngokweemfuno zakhe." Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi Communism kumi Union of Soviet Socialist. Communism wazama ukwakha khona iminyaka engama-70, kodwa ngelishwa, ezi nzame ziye akubanga yimpumelelo, ngokuba yiSoviet Union wawa, ezingqina ukuba uhlobo nephupha of ubuKomanisi.

National Communism eRussia enxulumene kunye noloyiko, ukunqongophala kwabantu kunye naliphi na ithemba lokuba umntu baxolelwe senzo ezenziwa nguye.

iimpawu eziqhelekileyo socialism yesizwe, ubukomanisi, Fascism

Socialism kaZwelonke yobuFasi imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. OyiNtloko phakathi kwabo i ngaphantsi ngokupheleleyo iimfuno karhulumente ngamnye kunye ulawulo elililo karhulumente kulo lonke iyaxela kuluntu kunye nendoda.

Zombini ezi ngcinga ungumthombo inkohlakalo sikweni, kuba nako ukuphichotha le ntshukumo, njengoko iziphumo zokugqibela, nto leyo aye kufika ekugqibeleni. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba abameli ezi nkqubo zange afune ukulimaza lizwe. Baye izama ukwakha uluntu olutsha ofanelekileyo (ekuqondeni kwabo). Noko ke, abazange baqaphele enye into - izinto abantu abaqhelekileyo, wabandezeleka, ubunzima intlungu kangaka. Ngokuqinisekileyo uluntu ubunzima intlungu ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela ixesha yoyikekayo amawaka eminyaka ezayo.