Nokukhululwa Minsk ngo-1944 ukususela abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente

Enye izigaba ezibalulekileyo usebenze kanzima olwenziwa Belarus ngo-1944, yaba ukukhululwa Minsk kubahlaseli zamaNazi. Injongo yawo nje kokusingqongileyo; kodwa ke ngokupheleleyo ukutshatyalaliswa maqela inkulu Wehrmacht, ibekwe kule ndawo. Ukongeza, i-Red Army waba umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukucima utshaba ukusuka ikomkhulu Belarus. Esi siganeko senzeke Julayi 3, 1944. E Belarus yanamhlanje ayikho nje umhla yenkululeko Minsk, elikomkhulu kurhulumente, kodwa kweholide yesizwe - Day Independence.

Le meko phambi kokuba ukusebenza

Ngowe-1944, imisebenzi emithathu ngempumelelo zomkhosi abakhethekileyo lwenziwa - Mogilev, Vitebsk, Orsha kunye Bobruisk, nto leyo ekhokelele yinxalenye yesi-4 kunye wemikhosi 9 ngoweqela isiJamani "Centre" yaba ukuba phantse singqongwe uxhulumaniso yiSoviet. umyalelo uHitler kaThixo wabanceda imikhosi yakhe asiwe imikhosi ezintsha, kuquka 4, 5 kunye 12 Panzer Division.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo msesane ngeenxa zonke amaJamani yazika, kunye nokukhululwa kudala lilindelwe of Minsk ngeenxa nje ekoneni. Ekupheleni kosuku Juni 28 I. D. Chernyahovsky, amaqela amaninzi 3 Belorussian Front, beza Berezina River, ngokwenjenjalo ukuyigubungela utshaba entla. Kwelinye icala, I. H. Bagramyan kunye nabaphumi-1st Baltic esilwa amadabi kwisithili Polotsk. Ngelo xesha G. F. Zaharov kunye nabaphumi-2 Belarusian Front ngokubetha utshaba kwicala lasempuma, kwaye KKRokossovsky kunye nomkhosi wakhe - esuka kwelasezantsi, ukuba basilela ukufikelela umgca Osipovichi - Svisloch - Kopatkevichi okanye ngaphezulu kwi the Pripyat River. iikhompawundi ezithile phambili babesele kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka elikomkhulu kwiriphabliki.

amacebo eethenda

I Sukwenza umyalelo eSoviet waqonda ukuba kufuneka asebenze nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkululeko Minsk ngo-1944 waba yimpumelelo. Ngoko ke, June 28 ukucwangcisa izinga ekujoliswe eliBomvu Army - bayingqonga utho- eliCebisayo enkulu zwilakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, imikhosi ecwangcisiweyo-1 kunye amanye 3 Belorussian izibetho zam ephehlayo kwi abantu baseJamani bakude kuwo umzi. Ngelo xesha nye ubonelela qhubela ngasentshonalanga uxhulumaniso 2nd Byelorussian. Ngenxa yoko, imikhosi kuwo onke amanqanaba kulo msebenzi baye ukuze zingqonge kuqala, uze emva koko kutshabalalisa lonke iqela Minsk utshaba.

Ngelo xesha linye i-Red Army waba, ngaphandle ngovimba, ukuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ngasentshona, ngaloo lithintele amabutho esitha nokubanika ukuqhagamshela kunye neqela Minsk. Izenzo icala enjalo Soviet ukudala iimeko okulungileyo uhlaselo elandelayo kwiindawo Kaunas, Siauliai kunye Warsaw.

Izenzo 3 Belarusian

NgoJuni 28, i-Umyalelo Ephakamileyo ukuba avakalisa yi umyalelo enxulumene ngaphambili ukuwela nangoko umlambo Berezina, ze aqale a advance ekhawulezileyo kumacala amabini - ukuya elikomkhulu Belarus kunye Molodechno. Kuvuthelwa engundoqo ijoliswe inkululeko Minsk ukusuka abahlaseli lwamaNazi efake umkhosi we-31 we-5 no-11 th Army and 2nd Tank lweSizwe.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, lo wona libutho elichubekileyo Red Army likwazile ukufaka bridgeheads eziliqela kwi Berezina River yaye enkqonkqoza imiqobo utshaba, hlalani kwindlu kumgama-5, yaye kwezinye iindawo, kunye km 10. Noko ke, senze uxhathiso ilukhuni ka amaJamani, amajoni kwiSoviet inxaxheba ekulweni enzima. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba ngokuhlwa ngoJuni 29, Red Army kwafuneka kuphela ukuwela umlambo.

Xa amajoni ngexesha elinye 5 Army phantsi umyalelo Krylov va akakayeki awela Berezina Wasomeleza elunxwemeni, thatha bridgeheads ezimbalwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhuthazwa oluBomvu Army, injongo ephambili apho inkululeko Minsk, negalelo kwiiyunithi yabanqolobi ezininzi ubukhulu becala. Bona babengabonakalisi kuphela kuFeliks kunye ndlela imfutshane isebenza amahlathi kunye marshland, kodwa wanceda yokugubungela emihlubulweni ye convoys zomkhosi nokugcina ukhuseleko bewela.

ngxabano ebulalayo

Nokukhululwa Minsk (1944) lalikhatshwa nokumelana komsindo kakhulu kwicala yaseJamani. Athintele advance ngokukhawuleza-11 Army phantsi umyalelo we-Galician. Kungenxa yoko le nto imikhosi yiSoviet kwisithili Krupki - Holopenichi kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuthathwe inxaxheba kumlo imini yonke. Apha Red wazibopha 5 Panzer, kwaye iintsalela ye-95 kunye amaqela 14. Injongo yalo myalelo zwilakhe yaba ukuthintela impumelelo eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ukuya Borisov i ngongoma elinqatyisiweyo amaJamani kwi Berezina umlambo uyisithelise indlela eya kwikomkhulu Belarusian.

Ngenxa yoko, iSoviet 5 Panzer Army wakhokela lohlaselo ecaleni osemendweni Minsk. Emva koko weza Berezina River kwicala elingasentla Borisov. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isenzo yamxhel'omnye of zidlula phantsi umyalelo Rotmistrov, kwaye olusebenzayo ekhubekisayo umzimba Tatsinskiy 2 wavumela abendlu ka-31 Army kwangaphambili imini enye ukuya kuma-40 km kwaye uye Beaver River nje kumzantsi lali Krupki.

Ekudibaneni Berezina River

Njengoko ithemba ngokwaneleyo kwangaphambili eSoviet ukuya kwikomkhulu Belarusian, kuyenzeka ngezinga eliphezulu wokuzithemba ukuba inkululeko Minsk ngo-1944, yaba phantse kwangaphambili. June 30 imikhosi eziyintloko Red Army bafika Berezina River yaye wawela kuyo. 5th Army wandisa zintshula yayo waza wangena nzulu wokhuselo zesiJamani kwi kumgama-15 km, kwaye 3 imishini lweSizwe, phantse ukutshabalalisa utshaba ngasemva waza wathabatha Pleshchenitsy, ngaloo ndlela umgwaqo Borisov - Vileyka. Ngenxa yezi zenzo, amajoni Soviet wadala ingxaki enkulu enye nelisemihlubulweni kunye ngasemva utshaba Borisov yeqoqo.

Yenza konke okusemandleni, 11 Guards Army zisenako ngokukhawuleza waphula ukuxhathisa utshaba, weza Berezina, yaye ekugqibeleni wakwazi nyanzela emlanjeni. Ngelo xesha, amaqela eSoviet bayicezele amaJamani ukusuka ephangweni ekhohlo yaye wafudukela Borisov. Ngenxa yoko, ecaleni kumzantsi-mpuma omuzi aqala umlo. Ngelo xesha linye zidlula Rotmistrov waya kuhlasela ngasempumalanga Borisov.

Le feat yitanki Soviet

Lo msebenzi, enjongo yayo wokugcina ukukhululwa Minsk ukusuka amaNazi babefuna ubuqhawe phantse abaninzi kwicala amajoni Soviet. Ukususela ngoJuni 30, zazithi- itanki Paul Cancer eziquka iimoto ezine, wayalelwa ukuba ukungena Borisov kwaye zonke iindleko abambelele logama nje esi sixeko abangenanga imikhosi eziyintloko 3 imishini Corps. Kuzo zonke umsebenzi abasebenzi wenza T-34 womyaleli. Le kwamatanki sesibini nesesithathu Yunaev kunye Kuznetsov yeni ngaphambili, enye imoto ngomlilo phezu kwebhulorho phezu komlambo Berezin, ebezikuyo zitshile amaJamani eli zibuko. Onke amajoni Red Army babulawa.

iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-12 crew VP of Cancer, nkqubo leyo iquka radio yomsebenzisi-gunner A. Danilov yaye umqhubi A. Petryaev, waqhubeka. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ikhefu zimoto Soviet vehicles wabangela ukwesaba ekampini yotshaba, kwaye ubukhulu becala negalelo lokukhutshwa kwangethuba kwamanani amiselweyo Borisov. Heroes baba, kude kube ngoku, xa ukubasusa baseJamani wathumela imipu ukubetha eziliqela kunye namatanki. Crew P. Cancer wafa ukufa zobuqhawe. Kamva, baye bawongwa isikhundla liphezulu yamajoni Hero eSoviet Union. Abo bantu nesibindi ngexesha mkhulu kakhulu. Inkululeko Minsk kunye nezinye izixeko Wabunikela ubomi babo koonyana ilungileyo iLizwe loobawo. Yaba ubuqhawe mass ngokwenene.

zokuqhubekeka kuphakanyiswa

I Sukwenza umyalelo German yakwazi ukuba aququzelele kwi iindlela Borisov ezinye pretty strong counter-ukuhlaselwa, kodwa phantse yayingabancedi nangona ukuqaliswa dabi waseJamani Air Force. moya Lutshaba endiza kumaqela zezithuthi-18, ndizama ukumisa amajoni Soviet ukuwela Berezina. Kodwa iinqwelomoya ukuhlasela eSoviet kunye ekuhlaseleni zibonisa ukuba izithonga enamandla yotshaba ngokwabo bahlasela ingxinano noomatshini lwamaNazi kufuphi Borisov.

Ngenxa umlo ngoJulayi 1, Red Army wawela Berezina River kunye wasithimba ke eso sixeko. Borisov kudweliswe i Wehrmacht lamoyisa. Le nyaniso linyathelo kufutshane kwinkululeko Minsk kubahlaseli zamaNazi. Noko ke, iintsuku ezimbini kufuneka amajoni Soviet ukuze aphumeze lo msebenzi.

Ukubuya kwesihloko Belarusian

Ebusuku, Julayi 3, umphathi ngaphambili bayalela inkululeko Minsk Chernyakhovsky 31 Army, i-2 imishini lweSizwe kunye inxenye Panzer Army phantsi ngokomlomo Rotmistrov. Bavuka kusasa wangena balwe emaphandleni neMpuma Koloni kunye noMntla kweso sixeko, yaye ngo 7.30 amajoni yiSoviet ifikelele iziko layo ngempumelelo. kweeyure ezimbini kamva, ikomkhulu Belarus, yacocwa na mercenaries lwamaNazi.

1944 - umnyaka wenkululeko Minsk - xa woyisa ngokwenene Red Army. Ezintathu engaphele ndawo, abahlali ezidilikileyo, wadlala isixeko walinda ukuba imini xa imikhosi Soviet ekugqibeleni kungena awakhulule kwidyokhwe lwamaNazi. Baye bona balinda yema imbeko kulo mlo ukungalingani!