Injineli Italian Aristotle Fioravanti: biography

Imbali engineering kunye yokwakha ngezimvo lizele ngamagama eziziingangamsha, kodwa ezinye abalinganiswa ume ngaphandle kwaye ufanelwe iphepha elahlukileyo kwimbali.

Ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana

Ngowe-1415 yena wazalwa wezakhiwo omkhulu Aristotle Fioravanti. Ubomi ziyenze yaqala e Bologna. Inkwenkwe bavele wezakhiwo ohlonitshwayo entsatsheni, yaye indlela yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo iye kwangaphambili. Ubuntwana ngelo xesha lifutshane: ukususela kwiminyaka 5, umakhi elizayo wachitha ixesha elininzi kulo masifundisane kumaziko zokwakha, ukuphulaphula intetho uyise kunye nabasebenzi kunye solinganiso up izixhobo kunye neendlela.

Study nokuphuhliswa komsebenzi

Ekufakeni msebenzi baqalisa Fioravanti kusebenza ngumfundi kwishishini losapho. Artel Fioravanti waba ingxelo entle e Bologna, wawenza imiyalelo ezinkulu ezidumileyo. Enye wezakhiwo umkhulu wafumana imiyalelo ezinkulu ezifana elandisiweyo kwibhotwe yamandulo Akkursio e Bologna, kunye noyise wakhe bakha Palazzo Comunale, owenzakeleyo emlilweni. Inkwenkwe wakhulela ezi kwiziza zokwakha wendele izakhono ezininzi kunye nolwazi. Ngomhla we-15 ubudala yena iinjineli sele baqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nabayili. Amaxwebhu zibonisa ukuba ngo-1436 i-Fioravanti oselula inxaxheba iintsimbi eyahlulayo for Ibhotwe del Podesta, inkqubo leyo ngaloo mihla lwafuna ixesha elininzi zezakhono.

kokuba abe inkosi

Xa wayeneminyaka 25 uAristotle wawazi bonke ubulumko ofundelweyo ngokusebenzayo waqhubeka kusebenza kwishishini losapho. Emva kokufa kukayise Imiba Fioravanti ezandleni zabo wathabatha umninawa wakhe, kwaye iqhawe eli nqaku sele ube lilungu epheleleyo op.

Injineli amadodana ukuphuhlisa, kwaye bekhangela amathuba ukuze aququzelele ishishini ozimeleyo, waya eRoma. Kwikomkhulu, uAristotle wasebenza njengeqela, ukuthutha kwaye ufake ikholam etempileni uMinerva. Waye inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu osakhasayo njenge engineer. Apho ndafunda ukuba izinto ezinkulu, yaye bamenza ukucinga esebenzayo eziphangaleleyo.

iminyaka yezabasebenzi: Aristotle Fioravanti - engineer Italian

Ngowe-1453 ngokomakhi yavelisa amagqabi wabuyela Bologna ukuba yenze imiyalelo uluntu lwengingqi onoxanduva - azikhokelela ekuchithekeni Tower yentsimbi. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, injineli acinge nzulu malunga nokuphuculwa technologies zobunjineli. Oku kuye kwabangela wokuqala Lodumo Fioravanti yinjineli.

Ngowe-1455, uAristotle wabonisa ehlabathini mmangaliso zobunjineli: yena wayekwazi ukususa intsimbi ende ibandla Santa kaMariya Madzhore yi-13 leemitha. Kuba oku wasebenzisa indlela kwamamdla yakhe, wakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi namhlanje ayikho lula.

Le nqaba Wayengqongwe ehokweni ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngomthi, leyo igcina sakhiwo wumbe phezu. Injineli isicelo engafani ngexesha umgaqo lonikezelo kwedrafti amandla ngenxa amasango ezimbalwa.

Slava Fioravanti basasazeke eItali, yaye ngoku wamenywa wenjineli ukuze enze imiyalelo kakhulu entsonkothileyo ukuba, ukongeza eyaziwa ukuzisa imali entle. Ngoko ke, waqonda ngempumelelo inqaba ungabi e Cento kunye intsimbi nenqaba e Venice. Noko ke, nenqaba intsimbi folokohlo iintsuku ezi-2 emva kokuba inkqubo, nabo bonke ke yanifundisayo Fioravanti sihlolisisa ngenyameko umhlaba, phambi kokuba aqalise umsebenzi.

Ukususela ngo 1456 Fioravanti uqalisa Ukungena-odolo bokwakha. Isebenza kuvuselelwa izakhiwo ezindala e Bologna, ukulungiswa nomjelo kwaye enze iintlobo-odolo ze zoluntu ezidolophini. imisebenzi yenkosi kuyaphawulwa, udaba lwakhe ikhula kuphela, yaye ngowe-1458 wacelwa ukuba eMilan ukuya kukhonza kwinkundla Duke, apho Aristotle wasebenza iminyaka 6.

Kamva, umakhi wabuyela Bologna kwaye enze iintlobo kwee-odolo, kuquka iibhulorho, iinqaba, amabhotwe wakha wambuyisela. Ukususela 1464 ukuba yinjineli kwaye kwisixeko Bologna kule sikhundla de kokufa kwakhe, nangona ukuba sithethe uwuyekile umninindlu ukuba enze imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo kwizixeko Italy, kwakunye eHungary naseRashiya.

Aristotle Fioravanti wakha izakhiwo eziliqela abadumileyo ixesha layo. ukukhuthala kwakhe kwakhiwa komjelo kwidolophu Cento, ukuvuselelwa Palazzo del Podesta, kodwa ke ubuqaqawuli inkosi ngelo xesha ngaphezu wenza iiprojekthi zobunjineli, njengoko esaziwa kakuhle izwe izakhiwo yaba ngabaya kuza.

amaxesha Ezinzima Aristotle Fioravanti

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, Aristotle Fioravanti ujongene namaqhinga okhuphisana nomona. Ngenxa yoku, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukutshintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala kunye nomsebenzi. A igalelo ephawulekayo isiphelo yaba wezakhiwo ityala ukwakhiwa imali yomgunyathi, kwathi ngo-1473. Master wakwazi phantse ngokungummangaliso ukuphepha isohlwayo esiqatha, kodwa yena waphulukana ithemba lokufumana ukubhukisha eRoma. Aristotle Fioravanti wabuyela Bologna, apho elindile, kodwa imiyalelo ezinkulu edlulileyo ayifumanekanga, kwaye ntle yayo noko ezingenakuzanyazanyiswa.

Russian smile luck

ERashiya, Tsar Ivan Iii ngeli xesha uqale isakhiwo grand: kwi yesicelo, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe Cathedral elikhulu-isikali, engumqondiso amandla amandla negunya lasebukhosini. Kodwa intlekele - udonga lwawela, kunye Italy sele ithunyelwe unozakuzaku, kunye imiyalelo ukuze ngokomakhi endilisekileyo.

Isidoda Tolbuzin wadibana Aristotle Fioravanti yaye wakwazi simkholise ukuya kwilizwe elikude engaziwayo. Ngoko ke ngo-1475, kwaqalisa ixesha yegolide ebomini womzobi bakhe.

Ukufika e Moscow, umakhi, ukulandela imithetho yayo bahlolisisa ngenyameko emhlabeni kunye nezinto wakha ababengaphambi kuzo. Ngoko ke, weyiseka ukuba kuyimfuneko ukusombulula iingxaki ezimbini. Okokuqala, ilungelo lokuhlela imveliso lezitena olomeleleyo. Eyesibini ukwenza isiseko inzulu kakhulu kwaye eziqinileyo njengoko emhlabeni Borovitsky intaba yembiwa izihlandlo eziliqela engomelele phambi ubunzima kwisakhiwo esikhulu.

Kwaye ke umsebenzi waqalisa, nanto iRashiya: indalo izisele nzulu kunye nofakelo yezikhala elide ngamaplanga, ezo zingazange kwamkelwa kwi bokwakha Russian. Kwakhona injineli wavula ukuveliswa izitena, apho kwiminyaka emininzi kamva yanika ikomkhulu ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ingongoma wobomi: Aristotle Fioravanti wakha Cathedral ye ngombono

Ingqikelelo Cathedral - ngumzekelo ingcamango wezakhiwo eliphezulu ngayo ngokulungelelanisiweyo idibanisa yesiko kunye ezintsha olululo. Yaba imodeli ibandla kwingcinga Cathedral e Vladimir, kodwa Fioravanti wathengisa ibe iqashiso wokuvukela weRashiya ngexesha iingcamango.

Umakhi enze okuninzi ojikelezayo ezweni lonke nentlalo-kakuhle izithethe lwezakhiwo yamandulo Russian. Ezi yoqobo iindlela wizard isebenzisa kuyilo lwangaphandle zetempile. Ngelo xesha linye sunguleni wezakhiwo wamvumela ukuba ukudala yecawa eliphangaleleyo kunye eliqaqambileyo.

Umakhi uthathe inani izisombululo umdla ukudala umfanekiso yangaphakathi zetempile. Yena ibhangisa kumakhorasi aqhelekileyo kwaye isebenzisa nezibonda Nedlac abe, sokunikela indawo eyahlukileyo Royals. Master wafuna ukwenza yecawa eyayiza kubonisa zonke ngokuphuma inkcubeko Russian, kodwa wayefuna ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa lweentsingiselo ezininzi mihla bokwakha.

Yaye ekugqibeleni wadala kuphela avumelana - a Russian yaye, kwangaxeshanye, Renaissance - imbonakalo etempileni, kodwa ubucinga zonke isithuba abakufutshane, ebeka isiseko yintoni ngoku ikratshi abantu Russian - Cathedral Square of the yesicelo.

Lomhleli Ivan III ukuba zimeme abafundi evela eItali, ukuba Ziqulethe ingcamango kwendalo lomculo yokwakha le yesicelo. Ngoko ke, iRussia ifumene uphawu lwayo kunye nomzekelo eyenziwe ngobugcisa. Le ndlu yecawa ngexesha irekhodi, kwaye ngo-1479 wegqitha nowokumisela ibandla. Kwaye ke wezakhiwo wawongwa ibhaso nozuko, kodwa yena akazange wakhululwa kwilizwe labo, njengoko ukumkani izicwangciso zakhe kulo.

Iminyaka Udumo nozuko

Kakade phakathi kwakusakhiwa kwingcinga Cathedral, uAristotle Fioravanti, ngokomakhi, andizange ndizilibale imikhwa yakhe zobunjineli. Yena wakha imveliso kunaso, ifundisa iinkosi Russian kunye nabezomkhosi ndazimisa yintloko zokudubula Russian. Oku ukwenza yacaca Russian ukuwela, bakha ibhulorho isikhitshane phesheya Volkhov. Kwiminyaka embalwa iNkosi ibamba ngemisebenzi, nto leyo kuhlawulwa ngesisa loo tsar Russian.

Noko ke, inkosi wayefuna ukuya ekhaya ucele ukumkani emva ekhaya, kodwa nokuba kuva ngako wayengafuni. Le yokugqibela esiyivayo Fioravanti kwi yemihla bacebisa ukuba inxaxheba kwiphulo lokulwa yaseTver, leyo baphela uloyiso iingalo Russian.

Effect Aristotle Fioravanti bokwakha in Russian

Ingqikelelo Cathedral yathakazelelwa ngu nabayili Russian, njalo njalo zonke eRashiya yaqala ukuvela izibonelelo, ngandlel 'uphinda isimbo wezakhiwo Italian. Fioravanti, engazi, wazibeka iziseko yesikolo Russian yesizwe izakhiwo, nto leyo ngemvisiswano idibanisa izithethe ezindala zakhiwo Russian kunye ezintsha ze i-Italian Renaissance.

imisebenzi Unknown Aristotle Fioravanti

mbali bobugcisa kude kube ngoku uzama ukufumana izakhiwo ukuba zakhiwe Fioravanti eRashiya. Kukho ingcamango ukuba umakhi kokwakhiwa kwingcinga Cathedral waya kwilizwe waza wathabatha inxaxheba ekwakheni iqela iitempile. Abanye abaphandi baye kubalelwa kuye zabhalwa St Nicholas Cathedral kunye isigodlo St. Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky uYohane wezakwalizwi Monastery. Kukho uluvo oluthile, kodwa akukho bungqina ngokwenene le ngcamango ayikho. Kwaye ngokusemthethweni Aristotle Fioravanti wakha eRashiya yenye iicawa ezininzi ezintle - kwingcinga Cathedral kwi yesicelo.

Ekupheleni kwebali

Akwaziwa ncam xa wafa, uAristotle Fioravanti, ngexesha ubomi wezakhiwo malunga kuphela uzimisele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje uye wachitha eRashiya, kodwa phantse eli xesha akazange abe ubungqina. Ukanti nosuku lokufa - ngo-1486 - ibonisa ukuba wezakhiwo uye waphila ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ngaloo mihla yobomi ('71 - oku yobudala egqithiseleyo endala ngenkulungwane ye-15).

Ubomi mdali yayizele izilingo, ezeza impumelelo. Cathedral Zobungangamela, eyakhiwa Aristotle Fioravanti, photo ibonisa nayo lonke uzuko lwayo. Wizard Igama ngonaphakade ebhaliwe kwimbali yehlabathi ingakumbi nakubugcisa Russian.

Zenjneli umyili Aristotle Fioravanti, abonakale zembali ukuba wehlelwa amatshatshazi amhlophe, i ngcungela elaziwayo wesikolo wezakhiwo Russian. impembelelo yakhe phezu umfanekiso Russia zibalulekile. Ukuze kwilizwe lethu, oku umakhi intsingiselo ekhethekileyo, kuba Bakha lomculo imeko engundoqo zintsonkothile kwaye wakha Ingqiqo Cathedral kwi yesicelo.

Aristotle Fioravanti, iifoto izakhiwo apho namhlanje zifumaneka kwi albhamu zonke umhambi e Moscow, yaba lilifa Russian ngokwenene. Yena waye Renaissance umntu oyinyaniso: creative, abafundileyo, sizama ukugqwesa nobukhulu oyilandelayo. ebomini bakhe - isampulu ngabathandi umsebenzi wakhe, yena enikelwe umpefumlo yakhe yokugqibela.