Ubulawuli Pereyaslavl: indawo, inkcubeko, iinkosana Pereyaslavl, imbali

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ubulawuli kwabunjwa Nowujikeleza umzi ka Pereyaslavl, ukukhankanywa lokuqala elibalulekileyo enxulumene kunyaka-992, xa Prince Vladimir Omkhulu lasekwa. Le nqaba yakhiwa njengenxalenye kumgca zokhuselo, ukuba ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka mbuya emathafeni, kuqala Pechenegs, ngoko Polovtsy. ubulawuli ezingeyomfuneko eyaqala ngo-1054, emva kokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo, nolwathi lwalandelwa kwithuba ekungafuneki yezopolitiko Russia.

indawo okuyo

umhlaba Pereyaslavskaya waba elisengqayini Trubezh, Sula kunye isuphu. Emantla-ntshona, saba Kiev ukubusa. Ukusuka emazantsi nasempuma Pereyaslavl anazo Babengqongwe emathafeni endle, apho wabaleka anayo wesihlangu. Kuyo yonke imbali Pereyaslavl ulawulo yayo ngokuchaseneyo mbuya amaxesha amaninzi ukuba zonakale.

ukuvela

Specific Pereyaslavl ubulawuli yehlukana eKiev omnye kuqala. Ngowe-1054, saya, unyana omncinane Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Emva koko Pereyaslavl yayigqalwa isixeko wesithathu ibalulekileyo emva Rus of Kiev kunye Chernigov. Ngenxa kufutshane emathafeni Polovtsian kwakukho squad olomeleleyo. Le kumda osemazantsi ubulawuli yayizele beemboniselo. Kwizinto zakudala kumabhodlo ekuboniseni kwabo ukuba ezi iinqaba kwikhompyutha, utshiswe, wabatshabalalisa, yakhiwe.

Okokuqala iphulo etshabalalisayo Pereyaslavl ubulawuli Cumans zithathwe ngo 1061. De ufike laa mzuzu kubo amarhe kuphela, yaye Rurik babengamalungu mbuya kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngowe-1068 amajoni Polovtsian wadibana odityanisiweyo enesihlwele esinzima ezintathu Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav kunye Vsevolod. Idabi senzeka kwi Alta umlambo akasekude Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi iphumelele. Abathetheli babalekela eKiev, apho abantu ngamalungelo kunye passivity koogunyaziwe bavukela.

livumela

Ngowe-1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod wafumana kumzalwana wakhe omdala Svyatoslav Chernigov. Mna ke bengavumelani umtshana wakhe Oleg ngala manzi. Impixano yakhokelela imfazwe. Nangona abathetheli Pereyaslavl njengenye, walwa ezininzi Polovtsy entlango, kwakufuneka ndilwe abasemathanga nasebudeni ingxabano lwangaphakathi eRashiya. Ezinye Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) akazange mathidala ukufuna uncedo anayo.

Ngowe-1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich wahlula umtshana. Emva koko loyiso, nayo umlawuli of Kiev, enikezela unyana wakhe Rostislav Pereyaslavl kunye Chernigov bunikwe omnye unyana - Vladimir Monomakh. Indlalifa ukukhusela kakuhle ilifa kayise. Ngowe-1080 waya Pereyaslavschiny ukucinezela ukuvukela Torquay.

Kubusa Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov ke sel wabulawa 1093 edabini nxamnye Polovtsy ibe Stugna emlanjeni. Umntakwabo waphumelela Vladimir Pereyaslavl ukubusa. I indawo okuyo elifeni efunekayo DC ngamandla. Monomakh wanika Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, yaye wabhokoxa ekukhuseleni Pereyaslavl ukusuka ingxokolo emathafeni.

Vladimir Gromov waba liqhawe ixesha lakhe. Yena waba ngowokuqala phakathi abathetheli Russian injalo nje kuphela mbuya, kodwa yena uye wenza iihambo ukuya elizweni labo. karhulumente Old Russian sele efunekayo kudala inkokeli enjalo. Naso xa Monomakh zafikelela kwincopho eziqaqambise Pereyaslavl ulawulo yayo. Imbali loo minyaka ubunjwe ezininzi zoloyiso eqaqambileyo phezu Polovtsy. Ngowe-1103 Monomakh bacenga abanye Rurik kundihlanganyela uye enesihlwele esinzima kude kulo emathafeni. Lo mkhosi wahamba phezu enemisinga Dnieper waza wachitha akazange alinde ugwayimbo mbuya vezhi.

Jaropolk V.

Njengoko koyena INkosana eRashiya, ngowe-1113, Vladimir Monomakh wathabatha itrone Kiev. Yaba ixesha lokugqibela xa urhulumente omdala Russian kusamele iimpawu isithixo. Vladimir wamnika Pereyaslavl unyana wakhe Yaropolk. Ngowe-1116 yena uyise inxaxheba kwiphulo lokulwa kaMing Prince Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk wabathimba wabeka yinxalenye yabemi balo esixekweni ezisezantsi efikelela Zheldi Sula.

Kulo nyaka mnye, unyana ka-Monomakh waya kummandla Polovtsy Don, apho isehlakalo imizi emithathu: Balin, Sharukan kunye NPGs. Alliance nomthetheli Pereyaslavl ngoko ke wenza unyana umlawuli Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Ngoloyiso iingalo Russian benze umsebenzi wabo. Polovtsi lisenziwa ashiywe yedwa zizilawuli, East Slavic. World waze 1125, xa Vladimir Monomakh wafa eyayiseKiev.

Ukulwela Pereyaslavl

Indlalifa Vladimir e Kiev unyana wakhe omdala Mstislav Veliky. Wafa ngo 1132. Jaropolk wathatha indawo umzalwana wakhe omdala. Emva kwale ukujikeleza e Pereyaslavl waqalisa kwisithuba utshintsho rhoqo abalawuli. Esi sixeko saba ibango of Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. Ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya yena zachithwa Pereyaslavl oonyana ababini Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod kunye Izyaslav).

Ngowe-1134 Yaropolk Kievsky waqonda amalungelo kumzalwana wakhe ubulawuli kumazantsi Dolgoruky. Noko ke, le sisombululo kwakukho abameli aneliseke lesebe Chernigov of the Rurik. Xa umfela ndawonye we Polovtsy ezi abathetheli Pereyaslavskaya ibhuqiwe ilizwe. Bade phuthuma eKiev, ngoko Jaropolk waya ezingxoxweni. Pereyaslavl watshintshelwa kwenye umninawa wakhe Andrei Vladimirovich uhlobo, kanye apho 1135-1141 biennium.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa ubulawuli

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XII, phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni elimanyeneyo Rus zahlulwe phakathi izilawuli ezininzi. Abanye ilifa waba elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo eKiev. Pereyaslavl fanele ku kuhlobo izilawuli ezingephi, apho kungekho kuqiniseka wobukhosi bakhe, nomzi kunye namazwe ezingqonge ngokungakhethiyo batshintsha abalawuli ngenxa yeemfazwe zamakhaya kunye ezihamba ozakuzo.

Umzabalazo esingundoqo eli ilizwe phakathi Kiev, Rostov neerhuluneli Chernigov. Ngowe-1141-1149 gg. Pereyaslavl lilawulwa unyana kunye nomzukulwana Mstislava Velikogo. Emva koko ubulawuli wadlulela inzala ka Yuriya Dolgorukogo, izalamane eziphezulu olawulwa Suzdal North-Eastern Russia ogama ekufuphi.

Ngowe-1239 Pereyaslavl wayesendleleni eya eRashiya ahlaselayo Mongols. City (kunye nabanye abaninzi) ke sahlasela satshabalalisa kuzo. Emva koko, akazange akwazi angachacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye abe neziko elibalulekileyo yezopolitiko. Pereyaslavl kwahlanganiswa kwipropati yenkulu Kiev ahlala ukuba badlale indima elizimeleyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV, South eRussia ngokuxhomekeke Lithuania. Ekugqibeleni ubulawuli Pereyaslavl iye yafakwa kuyo ngo-1363.

Inkcubeko nenkolo

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ulawulo, inkcubeko leyo kwenzeka ukuba ngexesha layo kwi XI-XII iinkulungwane., Isendaweni kummandla East Slavic amaxhama zobuzwe glades, northerners kunye Ulichi. iziza zakudala enxulumene kubo zifumaneka nezitya ye Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel kunye Seversky Donets. Ngokomthetho ke lengcwaba Yobuhedeni character (iikiriva, amangcwaba kunye t. D.).

UbuKristu weza Pereyaslavl, ngokunjalo nakwezinye izixeko Russian ekupheleni X kwenkulungwane emva kobhaptizo ka Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Kukho inkolelo engaqinisekiswanga kukuba kwesi sixeko yokuhlala yokuqala metropolitans logama nje Kiev uye unento Hagia uSophia.

trade

UQoqosho nophuhliso kunye nezenkcubeko Pereyaslavl ubulawuli iye ngokuchukunyiswa kufuphi iindlela zorhwebo, apho iRussia wasebenza ngazo kumazwe olusempuma esemazantsi. Chief phakathi kwabo umlambo Dnieper kwemithambo edibanisa nokuxubana kwimpuma nge Byzantium. Ukongeza kwindlela 'ukusuka Vikings ukuya amaGrike "Ityuwa nayo indlela norhwebelwano kunye emdeni Azov kunye Sea Black. Emva Pereyaslavschiny abarhwebi zafikelela kummandla kude empuma Tmutarakani yaye inxalenye iVolga.

Kumkhusela yorhwebo elinemali iye yaba yenye yezinto eziphambili ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuziphendulela abathetheli balo ilizwe emathafeni. Zindwendwe neenqanawa (kubandakanywa enemisinga Dnieper) basoloko phantsi kuhlaselo le abasemathanga kunye abaphangi nje. Ngenxa yoko, le iinqaba ezinqatyisiweyo kunye needolophu zakhiwa nje phezu iindlela zorhwebo. Pereyaslavl abarhwebi iinqanawa aba yinxalenye kundoqo Dnieper nge Trubezh. Ngasechwebeni komlambo kwakukho ipaki ishishini. Endaweni yayo, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana iingceba zifakwe zamaGrike.

imizi

Imizi inkulu ubulawuli, ukongeza kwi Pereyaslavl, kwakhiwa Vladimirom Monomahom Oster town transit yorhwebo indawo okulwa, uBharuki, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, kwakunye enqabeni kwisiza kokuhlaliswa kwabantu namhlanje Miklashevsky. Abaninzi kubo babephuma Posulskoy umgca ukuzithethelela Imvulophu ugxalathelwano Sulu Dnieper. ukuncipha kwawo kwenzeka emva kokuba ngokuhlaselwa Batu.

Nokutsala ephambili Pereyaslavl waba Cathedral kaMichael. Residence Prince wayesendleleni Detinets. Kwakhona waphila abefundisi eziphezulu umzi. Bishop lentendelezo ukhuselwe udonga ngamatshe, amabhodlo zisekhona ukusa kwixesha lethu. Njengezinye izixeko kumaxesha, abantu abaninzi ababehlala kuloo tenements. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana kukho amanqaku amaninzi nezorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Isixeko sele kudlule ixesha layo, ucweyo lokuvelisa yeglasi.