Ngezimali - Inkqubo Financing na .... ngezimali imfundo

Ngemali le projekthi ibandakanya ukhetho iindlela ezithile intlawulo yeendleko ezinxulumene ngokulandelwa nokuphunyezwa kwayo, kwakunye ngokuchonga imithombo yotyalo ukuma kwazo. Le ndlela isebenza njengendlela ukutsala izibonelelo ukuze utyalo-mali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphunyezwa projekthi ekhethiweyo.

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Nayiphi na imali program ibonelela ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela:

- self-mali, imali yeziveliso zayo zendalo kuphela;

- iinkampani ngokudibeneyo stock kunye nezinye iintlobo mali ngokwengqesho;

- mboleko zamaziko zebhanki, kwakunye kunikezelo izitropu;

- zengqesho;

- ngezimali-mali karhulumente;

- indibanisela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo mali okhankanywe ngasentla;

- ngezimali iprojekthi.

ngezimali yeprojekthi

Le ndlela, efuna ingqalelo ngakumbi kweli nqaku, njengoko kuncwadi kwezoqoqosho kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga nomba nokubunjwa kwayo. Omnye umahluko engundoqo inkcazo kwakule kota. Nangona ukwahluka nentsingiselo yalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe indawo emxinwa kunye nenkcazo ebanzi:

- ukutyhilwa Olubanzi kubonisa amazwi ilandelayo. ngemali Project - yinto iseti iindlela neentlobo mali zokhuseleko ukuphunyezwa lophuhliso ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, le ngcamango ingqalelo indlela kukudibanisa oovimba imithombo eyahlukeneyo ezihlanganisiweyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanelekileyo, apho imali leprojekthi. Kwakhona, oko kwabelwa izibonelelo zemali, ezilungiselelwe iinjongo kuphela kwi kakuhle echazwe ngaphakathi yophuhliso mali elinikiweyo.

- definition imxinwa:-mali Project - indlela kwezinto kwiindawo ezithile msebenzi, esibonakala ngendlela okuhlawula imali leyo. Entliziyweni yayo kuphela ezo ezingenayo, leyo uzikise iprojekthi zotyalo-mali. Kwakhona le ngentetho ebalasele ulwabiwo olunabileyo enxulumene kunye neengozi zeprojekthi ye amaqela achaphazelekayo ekufezekisweni kwayo.

Imithombo nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo zemali

Nayiphi na imali lwamashishini kunye neeprojekthi zayo izibonelelo zemali, nabanako ukwahlulelana kwi equity (lwangaphakathi), kwakunye namatyala kunye eyinkunzi abaqeshwe (lwangaphandle). Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha iindlela eziphambili imithombo efana ngokungqinelana neenjongo ngemali iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali ezithile.

Ngenxa yoko, inkxaso-mali yekhaya kufuneka zinikwe yinkampani, apho uceba ukwalathisa ukuphunyezwa yophuhliso mali. Nayo bekumele ukuba asebenzise izibonelelo zalo ngohlobo yesitokhwe ezidityanelweyo (abagunyazisiweyo) eyinkunzi. Kulo mthombo lunokwamkeleka kunye nokuphuma kwezibonelelo efunyenwe ngexesha kumaqumrhu zoshishino (inzuzo net okanye ukwehla). Ngelo xesha linye zokwanda koovimba ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwe nayiphi na iprojekthi kufuneka orientation ekujoliswe, nto leyo kuyafikelelwa ngokubonelela imali yalo le nto yenkcitho.

Le mali linge zingasetyenziswa kuphela ukuphunyezwa kwe naphakathi zophuhliso. A Iiprojekthi ezinkulu-enkulu efuna utyalo-mali ezongezelelweyo, ikakhulu bathengwa imithombo ezongezelelweyo.

mali lwangaphandle - kukusetyenziswa imithombo efana njengendlela ngamaziko ahlukeneyo zemali kunye namaziko non-mali (kurhulumente, uluntu kunye nabatyali amazwe), iminikelo eyongezelelweyo imali wabaseki iqumrhu loshishino. Le mali esebenzisa Ukuhlanganisa imali waboleka ngohlobo lwemali equity kunye nezibonelelo waboleka nge umtsalane mali ngetyala.

Imithombo-mali ezongezelelweyo: eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali kufuneka kugwetyelwa iqhinga, kucazululo zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka nemithombo mali, yaye kufuneka kwenziwe uyilo ngenyameko icebo ukubandakanyeka mali ezongezelelweyo ukuhlawula zonke iindleko ezinxulumene ngayo ulwalathiso umsebenzi isifundo ngayo.

Ngoko ke, sele evunywe yi-scheme ngemali kufuneka abonelele:

- umthamo zotyalo-mali efunekayo ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi eyenziwe kwi-mali sisonke, yaye kwinqanaba ngalinye ukuphunyezwa kwayo;

- yokusebenzisa ubume ngokwezimali;

- zokunciphisa eliphezulu yeendleko eyinkunzi kunye nemingcipheko yale projekthi.

ngezimali imfundo

Imfundo icandelo kakhulu ebalulekileyo yoluntu, efuna inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo izixa ezithile. Imithombo zayo:

- mali kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo;

- ubonelelo ngeenkonzo kuhlawulwa kwinkalo yemfundo;

- imisebenzi yenzululwazi ngamaziko afana ne nokuphunyezwa elandelayo neziphumo zayo;

- ukuphunyezwa ishishini le mibutho, imisebenzi non-yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo.

Ethetha-manani, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zikamasipala kunye karhulumente namhlanje ukuyilwa mali oyithathayo umyalelo-3% of GDP, yaye kuthetha amaqumrhu kunye nabantu kule ndawo engena umyalelo-2% ye-GDP.

Isicwangciso mali kunye notyalo bombutho

Le mbono uveza ukuba isambuku izigqibo ezithile, atyikitya eziphambili, ukhetho kunye nobungakanani yokusebenzisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Le mali - yindlela ukujongana, ukuthengisa, imigaqo-nkqubo yezentlalo kunye nolawulo zobugcisa. Kwesi sicwangciso central sentengiso indawo ayinikiweyo ukuba ukhuthaza ngokubonakalayo amanye amacandelo isisombululo kwamanye amacandelo (technical, ulawulo kunye nezentlalo). Noko ke, le ndawo izigqibo kwaye iphunyezwe ngokuzimeleyo.