Yelizarov sigodlo: inkcazelo, imbali, olunomdla kunye nohlaziyo

Phakathi godlo ezingcwele, ngokutsha ebomini emva kweminyaka ukungahoywa, waqala iindonga ubomi zonqulo yelizarov sigodlo, yangaphambili phambi kokuba revolution, into eyindoda. Kule mihla, wabanika oonongendi aqotho ayefuna usindiso lwemiphefumlo kunye abathembekileyo bonke, bashiya ngasemva ehlabathini. Kwi indlela ende kwaye kunzima walihamba eli yokuhlala engcwele iya kuba ibali lethu.

uhambo olude Euphrosyne seal

Ngokutsho legend, sigodlo yelizarov, nto leyo ibekwe iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo ukusuka Pskov, yasekwa ngowe-1425, indela othobekileyo Snetogorsk eMonastri Euphrosyne, wamzalela igama kaEliyazare ehlabathini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba walingwa kakhulu nomthetho kaThixo. Xa Videlibe yakhe elalini esemncinane bafunda ukufunda ngokufunda iZibhalo, njengoko iminyaka ekhula, wathabatha izifungo emishini bonke simahla ukususela ukulululamela ixesha elichithwa kwithala leencwadi weemonki.

Ngakumbi kwixesha kokuqalisa inkonzo umphathi emishini wamsikelela ukuba kuyiwe phesheya kolwandle eConstantinople, abasukuba bengalinqulanga kodwa bawa phantsi kolawulo Turkish, kwaye liziko yehlabathi Orthodox - Rome Second. Apho wayeza acelwe kwaBaseki oyiNgcwele ukucaciswa ezithile zonqulo kunzima ukuqonda, njengomcimbi imbambano phakathi kwabazalwana.

Ukwenza indlela olunzima kunye lifike kuleyo ndawo, seal Euphrosynus ofanele ukuba zifunyanwe uMphathi eConstantinople, kwaye xa uncokola naye bakubamba zonke, kuba oko uthunyelwe. Ukwenza oko ephathiswe kuyo ngokuthobela, ikhuselwe nguThixo, yena ngovuyo wabuyela eMonastri yakhe, apho wathi abazalwana ngezinto azifundileyo phesheya.

Vision phendla seal

Emva koko ezithandwa Euphrosynus zukisani uYehova pustynnozhitelstva feat, leyo, akuba wacela intsikelelo umphathi (ngaphandle akunakwenzeka), ndaya kungena kwintshinyela ehlathini kufuphi Lake Pskov, apho ichwetyana ongenagama kwintlambo yahlulwe kwamasebe amabini. Apho, wena log iseli ulusizana, wanikezela umthandazo Ilolo obuqwalaselwe-kuzalwa kunye Eyokuqiqa kaThixo.

Kodwa hayi kuba akukho nto ebhaliweyo ukuba ifihlakele ngaphantsi kwesitya isibane yokholo. Bebengena ekhayeni lakhe bonke abaye Ndilangazelela, eshiya ihlabathi yanto, ukuba zikhonze uYehova. Kungekudala, njengoko legend iyasixelela, kwaba umbono Euphrosynus. Xa waphupha wabonakala kuye bangcwele Multi sisilumko - ooyise Orthodox yaye wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe ebanzi itempile ihlathi libhuqiwe kaThixo kunye nokuseka naye wahlala. Ngokwentando yabo wazalwa yelizarov sigodlo.

kokuba isigodlo

umzamo omkhulu zinto wazibeka phambi kwabazalwana, ehlathini korchuya kwaye msulwa indawo ezisingise zonke iziseko eziyimfuneko weemonki. Okuninzi Iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokwakhiwa ibandla. Ke zonke iimonki mna ndahlala ubabalo lukaThixo, yaye kungekudala kakhulu phakathi kwemithi yehlabathi ngcu phezulu ezulwini iindonga zayo. Waye abazinikele e imbeko noMsindisi, uYesu Kristu iNkosi. Ofunyenwe kufutshane woonongendi kunye asemhlabeni abathengi, musa sinayo iminikelo. Zasa nasemdeni abazalwana babo lwakhiwe izakhiwo eziliqela, kwaye ziyafikelelwa uqoqosho.

bazixhalabise ngayo ukuba ukukhonza uThixo nokukhula ngokomoya, apho ayithabatha umzekelo zooyise ezingcwele, bayizukisa iNkosi uqulukubhode ezininzi zokholo. Ukuba umphathi baba woonongendi yasekwa nguye, Euphrosynus baba eninzi abahlobo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni baye ekuqaleni woonongendi entsha, ngokwemigaqo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi iimvavanyo, kodwa alukapheli ebusweni bomhlaba.

Le oyidingayo omkhulu woonongendi iye yagcinwa kweendonga zawo i icon ye nguMama kaThixo, sisipho esivela uMphathi baseConstantinople Gennady II. Wakhonza njengembonakaliso phambili, into egxothiweyo kwi Russian Church emva kokuwa phantsi scimitars Turkish lamaByzantine udade wabo.

umdala Filofei

Emva indlela ende kwaye olunzima Euphrosynus wemka waya kuYehova eneminyaka alithoba anesihlanu eminyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ukuthatha igama emishini kaEleyazare. Imbeko yalo, kwaye waseka waza wasithiya eso Pskov yelizarov sigodlo ezikhoyo unangoku. Ubomi nobulungiseleli wayengazibandezi waba ingqolowa elungileyo ewile kumhlaba otyebileyo, ndanda kwizizukulwana elizayo zooyise abangcwele bomsebenzi ababesebenza ezindongeni weemonki.

Eyona idumileyo yezi Filofei umdala - kuqala, wachaza uthumo enkulu yabantu Russian nendima yayo bayahlelwa Orthodox. Nguye emva kokuba kuthinjwe kweConstantinople yi baseTurkey bangamalungu amagama ukuwexuka ukholo lokwenyaniso, uYehova ungenise nethontsi eli Rome First - Empire, uwe kulo qhekeko yesiLatini, kwaye emva kokuba yesibini - Byzantium, wangena Union ubungcwele kunye Latins (umbutho). Ukususela ngoku lonke uxanduva ekuhlambululeni Orthodox iwela iRussia. Uye wathembisa uThixo ukuba abe eRoma Okwesithathu, kwaye owesine uya kubakho.

Yelizarov sigodlo ngeendlela ezininzi wakhonza unobangela ubunye kumazwe Russian ngeenxa Moscow, ukuba iziko yabo yokomoya ukuqokelela phakathi kweendonga zayo pundits ezininzi kunye. Kwakhona, lonke ilizwe nakuliva ilizwi nendoda endala Filofei abaxhasa Grand iNkosana eMoscow igunya lakhe ngaleyo ndlela zibeke ezandleni zakhe izintso karhulumente omkhulu.

ubomi ngakumbi yako engcwele

Ngowe-1574 ukuba yakhiwe loo ndawo yonqulo iphambili woonongendi - Cathedral le Hierarchs ezintathu. Waye abazinikele e imbeko Vasiliya Velikogo, Grigoriya Bogoslova kunye Ioanna Zlatousta, leyo na kanye embonweni St. Euphrosynus waza wayalela ukuba ukudala le ndawo yokuhlala engcwele.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iimvavanyo ezininzi ubunzima sigodlo yelizarov (Pskov). Ngenxa kufutshane komda, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bahlaselwa nezibonda, Lithuanians kunye kartel Livonian. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo sele igcwele, abahluthiweyo, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye imithandazo abazalwana kuphalazelwa phezu kwakhe inceba yakhe iNkosi, wabuya wadla ubomi emishini phakathi amanxuwa nangoku ukutshaya.

Ekuhambeni kwe XVIII kunye XIX kwiinkulungwane yelizarov sigodlo kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nenani abanye abemi, owakubhangisayo okunene ngenxa yesizathu esithile okanye enye nezigodlo. Eli nani likhulu iimonki evela yangaphambili Velikopustynskogo yoTshintsho Monastery kunye Glinsky entlango.

Luphawu ezizweni izenzo ze woonongendi umphathi Yuvinaliya, intloko eMonastri kwixesha yokugqibela pre-revolution. Umsebenzi wakhe Imigudu yamadoda yaqaliswa, ngokuphawulekayo landa inani yabemi kunye neenkonzo ibandla ubuhle ibonwe. Kule minyaka, njengondwendwe rhoqo woonongendi ibe Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elizabeth Feodorovna, liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwenziwe namali yayo iminikelo zesisa.

Iminyaka ukungahoywa nobumnyama bokomoya

Emva weza amandla iiBolsheviks, xa ekubulaweni wathabatha intsapho yasebukhosini kunye lizwe emdlwengule kanye iziseko ukholo, phakathi kwezinye yoonongendi ezingcwele kwapheliswa kunye yelizarov sigodlo. Kwingingqi Pskov de-1925 ihleli woonongendi itempile yecawa kuphela asebenzayo, kuzo ixesha izihlandlo ezithathu ixabiso eyohluthiweyo, ngelithi ukuze bancede yindlala. Noko ke, kwaye ivaliwe. Uninzi neemonki woonongendi badutyulwa ngaphandle kwetyala. Ngowe-1918, baye bafakwa iinqwelo zisiwe yehlathi. Akukho namnye kubo niphila akakabuyi.

Iinzame ukuze kuvuselelwe woonongendi ngendlela yehlabathi

abasemagunyeni izakhiwo isigodlo ngokuphindaphindiweyo bazama ukufumana ukusetyenziswa, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye yasilela. Kule eko emva kwexesha, babeyigqobhozile woonongendi wadlulela kwenye amaziko Pskov, kodwa emva kokungaphumeleli ukuba ziziqhelanise izifundo kwizakhiwo ezidilikileyo, abafundi kunye nootitshala lwakhawuleza lwemka naye.

Ingloriously yaphela kwaye umbutho kwi woonongendi Engumzekelo yezolimo - akukho ezityalwe enqaba ngenkani ukukhula. Emva koku wayesakuba amaxesha loonongendi eziliqela batshintsha abanini, lusoloko kutshatyalaliswa lonke ixesha. Ngexesha elifutshane urhulumente omtsha yatshatyalaliswa ukuba iimonki wadala imisebenzi kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.

Buyela iBandla

Emva kwamashumi elide ukungahoywa, woonongendi yaye waphila ubomi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, kodwa eli xesha nje nunnery. NgoMeyi 2000, etempileni yakhe kuqala wabophelela ofisi Episcopal, yaye yaba sisiqalo imbali elitsha gadalala, kodwa abantu babuyela kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Yintsikelelo ngobungcwele bakhe uBhishophu Alexy II, prioress e Elizarovsky oyiNgcwele sigodlo wamiselwa ndela Elizabeth (Belyaeva), zakhiwe kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla abbess.

Convent umsebenzi wokulungisa ngaphambi ixesha elide kakhulu, ngokuba ngexesha lokubuya kwakhe iBandla zonke izakhiwo yamandulo kuphela wonakele isiqingatha-Cathedral Trehsvyatitelsky, umzimba emaqandeni, nayo ikwimeko amahlwempu, yaye ezinye amaqhekeza bodonga lwamatye.

Olukhulu uncedo isigodlo waba DD academician ngaloo minyaka Likhachev, ngokobuqu wabhenela kuMphathiswa of Culture kunye isicelo yokwabiwa kweemali ukulungiswa ukuzisa kule ziingcali kakhulu. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe nokuncedwa abemi ngabanye, yaye inani imibutho yoluntu, waphumelela xesha lifutshane kangangoko ukuzisa ngendlela eyiyo ukuba ziphantsi recovery kwaye masibuyele ebantwini uMsindisi Elizarovsky sigodlo.

Izimvo zabanquli kunye nabakhenkethi

Kunye nokuvuselelwa inkonzo emishini kwi woonongendi luphawule amawaka zakhe amakholwa, ngabo nomnqweno liphila iingcambu zokomoya, ukusuka kudaladala kondla umphefumlo wabantu Russian. Oluya kwi Elizarovsky oyiNgcwele sigodlo nyaka ngamnye iya ixhaphaka into. Abantu baye kunqula iisayithi yayo engcwele, phakathi leyo ebaluleke kakhulu i icon ngokungummangaliso i sidumisa, "Theodore" yaye "Tsaregradskaya" yaye "noMsindisi Elizarovsky".

amakholwa amaninzi nabo bafuna nje ukuba indlela ibandla, ukutyelela woonongendi, eshiya iirekhodi e yenzelwe ngokukodwa le ncwadi okanye babelane ngamava kwiiwebhusayithi. Abaninzi kubo bhala nemincili ngayo ukunxibelelana kwimbali ephilileyo weRashiya, umbono apho aqabukile ngenxa ukhenketho kuququzelelwa inkonzo lundwendwe monastery.

Xa ukubuyekeza ezininzi waphawula indlela entle guides, Ukwazisa wafika kunye nembali weemonki kunye kwiziganeko elide-bemkile elidlulileyo, amangqina kwaye kwakufuneka ukuba amaqela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba ubaleka ngathi ngomsonto obomvu kwiirekhodi ze uninzi bahambi kukuba ukubulela bonke abo kunye nomsebenzi waphila ubomi le amazwi angathethekiyo lwe Russian Orthodox.