Ukulingana phakathi kwamacandelo. Umfuziselo balance interbranch. Ingxaki Ibhalansi phakathi kwamacandelo

On ucwangciso wathi Kwanele. Enoba isimo sethu kule nkqubo, siza sijamelene rhoqo imfuneko ukutshatisa amandla abo kunye neminqweno yabo. Ukuba ebomini bakho abantu omnye okanye ababini kuba engalunganga kunye nezicwangciso, ngoko uqoqosho karhulumente, nkqu amandla yonke Union phosakeleyo iindleko ngamazinga inzuzo zingachaphazela kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ulungelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo kuqoqosho lwale mihla kunye iinkcukacha zalo kweempahla kunye neenkonzo isikhundla phambili.

imodeli Ibhalansi - ntoni na?

ucikizeko olukhulu loqoqosho-yezibalo lweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo ngenkuthalo lisebenzisa imifuziselo balance ebizwa njalo-ngokusekelwe uthelekiso kunye nokwenza kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Ngokwamanani zezibalo, indlela balance ibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo kwizibalo ezichaza imeko yokulingana phakathi imveliso kunye nemfuneko ezi mveliso.

Iqela sifundo kusoloko ezikhoyo ezininzi zoqoqosho, nto leyo eyinxalenye zemveliso lowo uwutshisileyo kweli, yaye inxalenye emke isakhelo yayo kwaye waqonda njenge "imveliso yokugqibela". Imifuziselo Balance ezisebenzisa elithi "resource" kunokuba i "imveliso", kwenza kube lula ukulawula ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo.

Yintoni eyenza lo mfuziselo

interbranch indlela balance - omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha labahlalutyi kwezoqoqosho. It is a matrix of okuza ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kwi kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuze alungise itafile ogama iiseli bazaliswe nemigaqo iindleko ngqo ukuba eyimveliso iyunithi yemveliso.

Ngenxa yobunzima kwenkqubo yokusebenzisa intsebenzo yokwenene naliphi na ishishini nye oko akwenzeki. Ngoko ke, lo okuza (ngokulinganayo) zibalwa ebizwa ngokuba "kushishino ezicocekileyo", okt. E. Lowo ihlanganise zonke izibonelelo mveliso ngaphandle ngokuphathelele ngaphantsi okanye uhlobo ubunikazi. Oku kudala ingxaki ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni candelo nolwazi ngenxa imifuziselo zoqoqosho iinkqubo.

Nobel Prize for imodeli

Kuba okokuqala imfuneko yokuba ufumane uzinzo phakathi ukuveliswa kwamasebe ezahlukeneyo ezifundiswayo abezoqoqosho Soviet abaye bafunda manani kophuhliso loqoqosho iminyaka 1923-1924. Iziphakamiso yokuqala eziqulathwe iinkcukacha kuphela malunga nomgangatho unxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso.

Kodwa ke isicelo yokwenene anomsebenzi wezandla ezi zimvo hayi zifumaneka. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva le ngezoqoqosho V. Mafikozolo yaqulunqa ukubaluleka konxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo kuqoqosho. Umsebenzi wakhe uye abazinikele ekudaleni imodeli lwezibalo ivumela kuthi nje ukuba ukuhlalutya imeko yangoku loqoqosho lwesizwe, kodwa ukuba zilinganisa ezinokwenzeka.

ukulingana Interbranch ehlabathini ebizwa indlela "igalelo-output". Kwaye ngo-1973, i-nzulu wawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel angoqoqosho ukwenzela uphuhliso uhlalutyo nangokudibana kwamacandelo imifuziselo izicelo.

Indlela yokusebenzisa le modeli

Imodeli ye Leontief eseleyo igalelo-output isicelo ukuhlalutya imeko US kuqoqosho. Ngexesha le postulates theoretical wathabatha uhlobo quadratic yokwenene yomgama. Le ukubala wabonisa ukuba amazinga ecetywayo zizazinzulu njengezalathisi konxulumano phakathi kwamacandelo, ezi kakhulu oluzinzileyo rhoqo.

Ngexesha Second World War iye yahlalutya Leontief balance igalelo-output kuqoqosho lwamaNazi Jamani. Ngokutsho iziphumo zolu phando emkhosini US ichonge iithagethi ngobuchule ebalulekileyo. Kwaye emva kwemfazwe, umgangatho nomthamo Faka-zengqeshiso kwakhona nangoku kubalwa ngokuthi kususelwe kolwazi ezifunyenwe ungumzekelo Leontief eseleyo igalelo-output.

ESoviet Union yakha imodeli izihlandlo 7 ukususela ngowe-1959. Izazinzulu ziye kucingelwa ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ubudlelwane koqoqosho ingqalelo esitalini, yaye ke ngoko zonke iimeko kuthathwa ukuba ahambisane. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela asikazifumani nokusasazwa ebanzi, t. To. On ubudlelwane kumacandelo emveliso ezinefuthe imeko yezopolitiko. WezobuDlelwane real kwezoqoqosho babegqalwa njengabantu zamabanga.

Kakuhle eli Umba

Umfuziselo balance interbranch - kwenkcazo ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhutshwa imveliso kushishino enye, kwaye iindleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla onke amacandelo abandakanyekayo ekuvelisweni kwezi mveliso. Umzekelo, ukuba nemveliso namalahle, kufuneka izixhobo zentsimbi; Kwangaxeshanye, intsimbi kufuneka namalahle kunyityilikiswa. Ngoko, intsalela igalelo-output mngeni kukuba ukufumana umlinganiselo zamalahle nensimbi, apho isiphumo zoqoqosho ziya kuba nkulu.

Nenye intsingiselo sinokuthi iziphumo yemodeli ezakhiwe ngayo ukufumanisa ukusebenza lwemveliso ngokubanzi, ukufumana iindlela ngokugqwesileyo amaxabiso, uze uchonge izinto ezibalulekileyo ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukongeza, le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuba abandakanyeke uqikelelo.

imisebenzi ephambili

• iinkqubo structuring yokuzala, ngokusekelwe eziphathekayo kunye nokwakheka eziphathekayo kwezibonelelo shishino.
• Umzekeliso yokukhululwa kwemveliso kunye nokusasazwa kwalo.
• Ufundo senkqubo yemveliso, ukudalwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo, isizukulwana ingeniso kwinqanaba kumacandelo ezoqoqosho.
• Yokusebenzisa izinto ezichongiweyo kakhulu kwimveliso.

Kuba indlela "igalelo-output" bachazwa imisebenzi uhlalutyo manani. Kohlaziyo ivumela ukuqikelela iinkqubo enefuthe ngayo kuphuhliso kwamashishini kunye noqoqosho liphela; ukulinganisa imeko ngokutshintsha ohlukeneyo edata kunye nezalathisi. Umsebenzi statistical inika ukuvumelana kutshekishwa ulwazi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo - ukusuka amashishini, uhlahlo zommandla, iinkonzo irhafu, etc ...

Mathematical ubuke

Ngokwamanani zezibalo, imodeli ithwele - inkqubo umehluko zibalo (kwaye akusoloko yomgama), nto leyo ibonisa imeko kuvuselele phakathi iyonke ekuveliseni iimveliso kwishishini kunye nemfuneko kuyo.

Iimfaniso yeenkqubo yoqoqosho ngokufuthi thaca kwifomu tabular (bona. Isazobe.). It imveliso aggregate yahlulwe ezimbini: an yangaphakathi (intermediate) kunye lokugqibela. Uqoqosho lwesizwe ithathwa njenge inkqubo lwamashishini lobuhlobo n, nganye udlala indima imveliso nelityayo ixesha.

zezine

Leontief balance igalelo-output yahlulwe ezine (zezine). ikota nganye (Fig. Bona kwababaliweyo 1-4) iye umxholo kwazo kwezoqoqosho. Xa uboniso lokuqala leencwadi zonxibelelwano cross-yamacandelo - uhlobo lwe azizikweri. Le okuza akhiwe ekudibaneni lwemiqolo nemihlathi, ezikhethiweyo XY kwaye ziqulathe ulwazi malunga nokuphuma yemveliso phakathi kwamasebe. X and Y - Inani timboni uvelise kwaye kudla iimveliso. Isikhundla x23, umzekelo, lifanele licaciswe ngokuthi hlobo lulandelayo: ixabiso indlela lwemveliso, ekhutshwe kwicandelo 2 no-3 walidla kushishino (iindleko material). Umdibaniso zoonke ikota yokuqala imele izinto mali imbuyekezo yonyaka.

Ikota yesibini kuyinto isethi imveliso yokugqibela onke amashishini mveliso. Imveliso isiphelo kuthiwa, engaphaya kwicandelo lemveliso kummandla yokusebenzisa lokugqibela abekwe. Ukwandiswa balance mzobo ubonisa iindlela zokusebenzisa le mveliso: ukusetyenziswa oluntu nawabucala, ukugcinwa, ukuchacha kwamanye amazwe.

Ikota yesithathu ichaza ingeniso yesizwe. Yeyona isixa net imveliso (umvuzo kunye kwinzuzo amasebe) kunye nembuyekezo mali. Yaye ulwazi uboniso yesine malunga lonikezelo yokugqibela. It is at ekudibaneni lwemihlathi kunye noluhlu zezine yesibini wesithathu. Olu lwazi ke kubalulekile ekuqondeni lokusekwa kwenkqubo ingeniso kunye nenkcitho labemi, imithombo mali, iindleko ze kwisigaba non-onemveliso , njalo njalo. D.

Qaphela ukuba lilonke inani zezine yesibini, yesithathu neyesine (ngamnye) kufuneka zisekwe imveliso konyaka.

ebekwe kwizibalo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imveliso wamazwe ayikho ngokusesikweni ngamalungu nayiphi na enye yala maqela ngasentla, isekhona phaya kwiphepha lomncono. Ikholam ukuya ekunene ikota yesibini, kunye umgca zibekwe kwindawo yesithathu, ukubonisa kwimveliso yesizwe. Kwingcaciso efunyenwe kwezi zinto, likuvumela ukuba utshekishe ukuchaneka iyonke. Ukongezelela, oko kunceda ukudala imodeli kwezoqoqosho kunye zemathematika.

Ebonisa kushishino imveliso epheleleyo yi-X kunye index ahambelana nenani bamasebe kukwazi ukwakhiwa njengoko ratio ezimbini ezisisiseko. Intsingiselo yezoqoqosho lenxaki sokuqala sesi silandelayo: ubungakanani iindleko eziphathekayo naliphi na isebe koqoqosho kunye nemveliso yayo net ulingana gross imveliso yasekhaya echazwe shishini (columns).

Le equation yesibini eseleyo interbranch ibonisa ukuba imali iindleko eziphathekayo kudla imveliso ethile kunye imveliso yokugqibela omnye okanye wesinye isigaba zezi mveliso output gross (umgca balance).

Isiphelo Ngenxa kwenkqubo kwizibalo

Ngawo onke iifomyula ngasentla, ebiqaliswe kwi imodeli loo magama:

• neendleko ngqo matrix okuza A = {au};
• gross imveliso yomzobo X (column);
• wesangqa imveliso yokugqibela Y (column).

Model in ifomu matrix ziza kuchazwa ngokuthi ngokunxulumene:

X = Izembe + Y.

Kuhleli kuphela ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba intsalela ifana ubomi ubukhulu, kwaye ngokubhekiselele imali.