Ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani owasungula ikhompyutha?

Kwiminyaka embalwa nje, ikhompyutha iye yakwazi ukungena ebomini bomntu kangangokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukucinga ukuba khona kwayo ngaphandle kwayo. Ngoncedo lwakhe, awukwazi ukuthayipha kuphela iitekisi, kodwa uphulaphule nomculo, ubukele iifilimu, uxoxe nge-intanethi kunye nangaphezulu. Kwaye kunzima ukucinga ukuba emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo kwakungekho! Kodwa ngokwenene bekude kube abo baqulunqa ikhompyutheni bengayibonakali kwihlabathi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ekuqaleni kwakukho umatshini wokubala kwaye yayisetyenziselwa isangqa esincinci sezinzulu. Kodwa namhlanje wonke umntu unakho ikhompyutha okanye i-laptop. Uwusebenzisa yonke imihla, kwaye uyazi ukuba nini, kuphi na ngubani owasungula ikhompyutha? Kodwa lo ngumbuzo othakazelisayo. Masibhale phantsi.

Yakha nini kwaye ikhophi ikhompyutha?

Abantu baye bahlala befuna ukwenza i-computer ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenzela ukuququzelela inkqubo yokuchitha ixesha. Iinzame ezinjalo zenziwe ixesha elide: i-abacus eBhabhiloni lasendulo, i- asecus yaseTshayina yamandulo, indlela eyaziwayo yokulwa ne-Quaternary evela eGrisi bonke abaphambili kwikhompyutheni yanamhlanje.

Inzululwazi ezininzi ezidumileyo zisebenze ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yekhompyutheni ekhoyo kumaxesha anamhlanje: uLeibniz, Mueller, Pascal nabanye. Isiphumo somsebenzi wabo sasisungulwa ngowe-1820 we-arithmometer.

Ukufana kokuqala kwikhompyutha kubonakala eTokyo. Ngomnyaka we-1941, ikhompyutha yokuhlalutya yendalo yonke yenzelwe kwaye yakhiwa, eyayenza imisebenzi eyabelwe ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu. Z3 - igama le mpu melelo yesayensi.

Ngubani umdali?

Ewe, ukufana kokuqala kwe-PC kwakhiwe eJapan. Kodwa ngubani owawuqulunqa, ngubani owasungula ikhompyutha? Bambalwa abantu bayazi ukuba ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka isiNgesi seMathematika uCharles Babbage uye wakhulelwa waza wavelisa icebo lomatshini ohlalutyo. Waye wakwazi ukudala umzobo walo, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana imali yokuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kweprojekthi.

Ngowe-1946, i-ENIAC ye-American firm, ekhokelwa yiiprojekthi zikaMauchly no-Eckert, yenze ikhompyutha yokuqala kwi-transistors. Ngaphaya kophuhliso lwayo lwasebenza malunga neminyaka emithathu, lachitha isigxina sezigidi zeedola. Lo mshini unokwenziwa ngokutsha kwakhona kwaye usetyenziswe ukusombulula zonke iintlobo zeengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, loo khomputha yaba yinto ekhangayo kakhulu. Wayelinganisela amathani angama-28 kwaye sele sele selehlile ngoncedo lweenjini zendiza! Ngowe-1971, yakha i-drive kwi-disk magnetic disk kunye ne-microprocessor yokuqala.

Nangona kunjalo, ezo khompyutha zazixhobo ezinkulu kunye nezindleko ezikuphela kwamashishini amakhulu kunye nezakhiwo zombuso onokuzifumana ...

Isixhobo sokuqala esincinane se-1965 senziwa yi-Digital Equipment Corporation. Wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-PDP-8, kwaye ngokukhululeka kwakungekho ... ifriji. Emva koko landela imizekelo embalwa, kodwa ingabi ngaphantsi.

Ngubani oqulunqe ikhompyutheni yethu esiyifumene ukuyibona?

Isinyathelo esinqumayo kwizinto esisebenzisayo namhlanje, ngowe-1976, senza amabini aseMerika - iWozniak kunye neMisebenzi. Baye bavelisa isixhobo esilungiselelwe imidlalo yevidiyo, enokukwenziwa kwakhona. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi "Apple". Emva koko, uSteve Jobs wenza i-corporation enegama elifanayo, elithatha ukuveliswa kweekhompyutheni zobuqu.

Ewe, ngo-1986 i-IBM yenza i- IBM PC eneprojekthi ye-Intel eyi-16 kunye neprogram eyenziwa yi-Microsoft. Kakade ekuqaleni kwee-1990. Ezi zixhobo ziphendulelwe into yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Indlela yekhompyutheni kwisixhobo esaziwayo namhlanje sasinzima kwaye sinzima. Namhlanje into elula kakhulu. Ii-PC zifumaneka malunga nendlu yonke, kwaye abanye abanalo. Kwaye simele sibulele abo baqulunqa ikhompyutha kwaye basebenze ekuphuculeni. Emva koko, le fowuni iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kuye ngamnye. Omnye kubalulekile kumsebenzi, kunye nomntu onxibelelwano kunye nexesha lokuzonwabisa.