IBM-PC. PC

IBM - inkampani enkulu, namhlanje sungula ku kuyilo kunye nokuziswa iikhompyutha, isoftware kunye nezinye iimveliso eliphezulu-zobugcisa. Ngembali yaso nyaka-100 ngaphezu kokuba uzisele emarikeni iimveliso ezintsha ezininzi. Kwaba ngenxa iikhompyutha IBM zibonakele phantse yonke.

ekuqaleni

IBM kwafika ngexesha xa ikhomputha yakho waba nzima ngqondweni. Ngowe-1896 yayisekelwe yi Herman Hollerith. Igama lenkampani koko wafumana TMC kwaye wenza koomatshini zemveliso ingxelo kuthengisiweyo ikakhulu-arhente zikarhulumente.

Ekuqaleni ngembali yaso, inkampani wafumana umyalelo enkulu kwi-ofisi yoMphathiswa manani, yaye ngaloo ndlela ngoko nangoko wathabatha indawo ebalulekileyo emarikeni. Noko ke, abaseki kunye nabanini ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo wayekade uthengise inkampani kakuhle yaziwa misebenzi zemali uCharles ibunzi. Usozimali iye ihlawulwe ukuba inkampani isixa omkhulu ngaloo mihla ku 2.3 bln. Idola.

Ukuvela IBM

Emva lokulawula kwinkampani TMC, nangoko Charles lenyengane waqalisa ubuhlobo bakhe nabanye asethi, umzekelo, ITRC kunye CSC. Isiphumo ngere- le "isigebenga blue" mihla - le CTR corporation.

uyinkampani entsha baqala nokukhululwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, elihambisana nexesha. Phakathi kwawo kwakukho esikalini, esebenza inkqubo ixesha accounting, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, izixhobo ikhadi umthwalo. kutshanje Udlale indima enkulu inguqu lenkampani kwimveliso kweekhompyutha.

IBM uphawu okokuqala wabonakala ngowe-1917 kwimarike waseKhanada. Leyo yindlela inkampani ugqibe ukubonisa ukuba uye waba corporation ngamazwe. Emva impumelelo igama elitsha le candelo US ngo 1924 waliguqula igama layo ukuze IBM.

Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, inkampani inxaxheba siyaqhubeka ukuphucula ubugcisa yayo, ngokudala uhlobo olutsha lwe amakhadi punch enegama IBM Card. Kwakhona, iqumrhu kwakhona ufikelela ukuya izivumelwano urhulumente elikhulu kuvumela ukwenza phantse akukho ukuthotywa ngexesha Great Depression.

IBM and kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

IBM sele beneminyaka kwez bolawulo lwamaNazi eJamani. Ngowe-1933, emva kokuba uHitler wangumlawuli eJamani corporation nokuba liqalise mveliso yayo. Noko ke, inkampani, njengezininzi neminye imizi-mveliso American, uthi kuphela ukuthengiswa oomatshini alizithathi le nkxaso mode.

EUnited States ebudeni bemfazwe, ombutho ikakhulu benza nangoncedo phambi komyalelo karhulumente. Uye waqala ukuvelisa ulise kwi ucinge yokujula zibhombu, afohlela, iinxalenye iinjini kunye nezinye iimpahla eziyimfuneko zomkhosi. Intloko ombutho koko kumiselwa lunganako ngeniso ngama-1%, nto leyo akaya-zabelo kunye neemfuno mali yoncedo.

Ixesha lweekhompyutha

Lokuqala IBM-PC wakhululwa ngo-1941-1943 kwaye igama "Mark-I». Ukuthatyathwa kumatshini i kwiitoni 4.5 umxhelo. Emva kokuvavanywa iqaliswa esemthethweni kwenzeka kuphela ngowe-1944, emva kokuba sifudukele kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard.

Enyanisweni, "Marko-I» kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu ukudibanisa matshini, kodwa isilawuli esizisebenzelayo kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo izakhono, nguye computer lokuqala elektroniki.

Intsebenziswano ombutho ngamazwe kunye developer oyintloko Howard Aiken waba lilishwa kakhulu. IBM-PC baqhubeka ukuphuhlisa ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1952 le nkampani sakhulula iikhompyutha zidle tube kuqala.

Ekupheleni kuka-1950 i-IBM-PC-based transistors yokuqala ziye zadalwa. Ngenxa kule uphuculo akwazi ukuphucula nokuthembeka kweekhompyutha kunye nokudala rhoqo kwabo wokhuselo kuqala inkqubo ukuhlasela ngezikhali. Ngelo xesha, kukho yokuqala imveliso IBM ikhompyutha kunye hard diski. Noko ke, wababalwa kwinkokeli yiSoviet ngo-1958 drive, wayebambe kwigunjana ezimbini ezinkulu kwaye 5 MB. IBM ubeke ixabiso kuba nalo kunokuba enkulu. Kwase yokuqala hard drive leyo exabisa malunga-50 amawaka US iidola ngamaxabiso ngale mini. Kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni.

IBM System First ukubonakala

Ngowe-1964, i-omtsha IBM-iikhompyutha thaca. Ziye zatshintsha kakhulu kwaye icwangcisa umgangatho iminyaka ezayo. Usapho wafumana igama IBM System / 360. Loo imoto yokuqala, leyo wavunyelwa ukuba ukwandisa ngokuthe amandla processing ngokutshintsha imodeli yaye akatshintshi le software. Kuyinto la mainframes ngokuba kwakuqalise ixesha lokuqala emalifakwe nobuchwepheshe microcode.

Ngu IBM eekhompyutha bafumana bokwakha yimpumelelo kakhulu, nto leyo eye yaba umgangatho de facto iminyaka emininzi. Kwaye namhlanje, uthotho System Z, nto leyo nokuqhubekeka ubhalo kumgca System / 360 isetyenziswa ixakeke kakhulu.

I PC lokuqala

I-IBM computer ezijongwa kwimarike ethembisayo. Noko ke, ngo-1976 yaqalisa kuthotho desktop yekhompyutha yokuqala IBM 5100. Uyilelwe ngenxa iinjineli kunye akwanelanga ukuba umsebenzi-ofisi okanye ukusetyenziswa zobuqu.

I yokuqala khompyutha yobuqu abaninzi, "isigebenga blue" lwanikelwa kuphela ngo-1981. Enyanisweni, inkampani iye na ngokwenene wayeyinqwenela impumelelo yayo. Yiyo loo nto abaninzi yeencindi wayithengayo kwezinye iinkampani. Le ikhompyutha entsha yaqukwa kwi usapho IBM PC 5150 waza wafumana igama.

Ukuthandwa PC IBM

Iprosesa entsha esuka wafuna kunye Intel kaThixo mihla inkqubo yokusebenza, apho wanikela kakuhle kakhulu inkampani entsha yasekwa Bill Gates.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba nisingenise ukuthandwa ka PC waba izakhiwo evulelekile. I-Corporation okwesihlandlo sokuqala bashiya imigaqo ixesha elide yaye abazange isicelo hardware mvume okanye BIOS. Oku kuye kwenza ukuba iintlobo yomntu wesithathu esekelwe ngeenkcukacha epapashwe ngokukhawuleza ukuseka ibandla "clones".

izakhiwo Vula inikeza ezinye izibonelelo ezifana ukukwazi self-wokulungisa yotshintsho kweekhompyutha. Kwixesha elizayo, kuye banikwe uphuhliso computer.

Noko ke, IBM ngokwayo phantse akazange ukuya kwiikhompyutha ekhaya emarikeni. I-IBM PC yokuqala yaba imodeli imali eninzi. Ukongeza kule zesiseko zokuthenga efunekayo isilawuli ye DOS kwaye ezo drives ngokwabo. Okhuphisana kule mvelaphi wakhangela athembisayo.

Noko ke, le nkampani wazama okuqalisa iqela imifuziselo kunye kubasebenzisi ekhaya. Omnye wabo, ngokuba IBM PCjr waba phakathi ezimbi izixhobo 25 computer. Kodwa kuveliswe le model ngokukhawuleza wayekwa.

E IBM, ingxenye Iwezoshishino ngokwemveli uhlaziyeke, kuquka kwimarike computer yakho. Oku kufikelelwe ukuqondwa brand eliphezulu, ukuthengisa ngolwazelelelo. impumelelo isiphumo yaba ukuvela IBM PC / oomatshini XT kunye IBM PC / AT.

I laptop lokuqala

Nangona sokuqala embi sengqondo ngokwaneleyo iikhompyutha zobuqu, isigebenga kwanyanzeleka ukuba bacinge ngayo. Okokuqala, oko kwabuchaphazela impumelelo kakhulu IBM PC. Ngendlela, ukuba intengiso isicwangciso lokuqala computer achazayo wesiqingatha-sonyaka balugqiba kwiintsuku ezingaphantsi kwe-30.

Ngenxa yoko, inkampani yagqiba ukuqhubeka ukwenza i encinane computer. Umphumo waba imodeli 68 uthotho ka 5155, yona malunga neminyaka emibini, ukususela ekuqaleni th-1984. Kungekudala emva koko, ihlabathi wabona notebook evela IBM. Baba imodeli Convertible.

IBM Convertible laptop yokuqala ezithengiswayo ekuqaleni 1986 yaye, nangona iinkcukacha njengesingabalulekanga kangako, yavelisa 1991. Kwezi amatsha ukuba lentwana lo PC yokuqala ukusuka corporation omkhulu ifakwe 3.5 "floppy drive.

iminyaka 90

Ngu 90 kunyaka th inkampani omkhulu ukuphulukana isikhundla kwimarike PC le ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ixesha elide waqhubeka ukukhulula imifuziselo ezintsha kweekhompyutha zokubhala kunye mobile.

Okokuqala, ngowe-1990, IBM kuqaliswa kwimarike entsha ikhompyutha kunye izakhiwo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye i hardware kunye software yinxalenye engahambelani sangaphambili.

Le ikhompyutha entsha lifumene data ibhasi mihla, yaye uninzi amacandelo zitshintshile ngendlela yokuba iinkampani ezincinane bedlala ukusuka Asia kwaba nzima ngenxa yezizathu lobuchwepheshe kunye mvume. Kodwa bokwakha ayiphumelelanga. Nangona ezinye ezintsha ezisetyenziswa kwezi PC, ixesha enilichithe ngokwaneleyo, umzekelo, izihlanganisi ukuba ibhodi yezitshixo kunye PS mouse / 2 wambi usetyenziswa koomatshini mihla.

Ngelo xesha, inkampani wavelisa uthotho computers ukuba iyahambelana isizukulwana yangaphambili ekuthiwa PS / 1, yaye kamva - Aptiva.

Yaba iikhompyutha zobuqu lokugqibela eveliswe yi "Big Blue". Ngo 1996-1997, imveliso machines ingxenye eemarike kuncitshiswe.

2000 kunye nokurhoxa zokugqibela market PC i

IBM analo, nangona ukumisa kophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa iiPC zokubhala waqhubeka ukuvelisa uthengise kakuhle kwimarike kwincwadi le. Abanye abasebenzisi baye baqhubeka bekholelwa iikhompyutha IBM nemigangatho kwimveliso.

Ngo-2004, i-Corporation yamkela isigqibo onzima, ngenxa yonke ishishini woveliso iikhompyutha zobuqu kunye laptops wathengisa inkampani Chinese Lenovo. Le nkampani ngokwayo ligxile kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu ukuba isigebenga umncedisi kwemarike, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso. Thile emva, IBM wathengisa kunye nezinye iiyunithi leyo ixhume ku imveliso PC, umzekelo, wenza kwimveliso nzima disks zeSebe yaba phantsi kolawulo Hitachi.

Imbali ende IBM kwenza le nkampani iye efunde amava amaninzi ekudalweni kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer ne-software. Namhlanje, nakuba le kukuyeka market PC lo, le nkampani kunempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso shishino.