Andes - nto leyo eli lizwe? amazwe Andes: kwemozulu, imithombo

amazwe Andes - isimo Andes Community. Lasekwa ngo-1969 ngu kumazwe amathandathu: Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, ePeru, Colombia kunye Chile.

Okwangoku, eli qela lisebenza njengoluya amasiko. Yaziswa yi lwamaxabiso amasiko aqhelekileyo, umgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo zorhwebo yenziwa ngokunxulumene kwamanye amazwe.

Geology and minerals

Andes - intaba enkulu inkqubo yehlabathi. Ubude ibhanti esentabeni 9000 km ngobude, ukuba yesibini kuphela malayas. 20 incopho entabeni ukudlula kubude 6 km, kwaye indawo ephezulu - mlilo Akonkagua - ifikelela 6960 m Andes ingabekwa ngohlangothi amacwecwe lithospheric -. South American, ukuba ezo amaplanga iqhotyoshelwe nezibaya extruded evela yokwaleka ngexesha ezirhubuluzayo Nazca imbasa yolwandle phantsi nemisinga ekubhalwe kuso.

Nasentshonalanga, imikrozo engumzekelo ithambeka unxweme amele mlilo chain. Mlilo Umzantsi Melika - esebenzayo, ukuba ngamaxesha ndivuka ndinithululele lava, Wawuzalisa ngokulungileyo imisele intermountain neentlambo, ekusekeni ihewu mlilo yasezintabeni.

Izimbiwa yale nxalenye kwelizwekazi evalelwe emikhumbini intermontane kunye misinga yinduli esezantsi kolundi le Andes. amazwe Andes ahluka kwi ukuba isitokhwe ezinkulu yezimbiwa ezinqabileyo. minerals Kukho geni ezifana nobhedu, nezinki, ilothe, molybdenum, nebhekile, kunye nabanye.

Ukuma komhlaba, kuyenzeka ukuba bathi oko izimbiwa ezi amazwe lemvula. Izixhobo ze Latin America zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ezintabeni kukho loo ubutyebi bendalo, ezifana gypsum, imithambo zamalahle, ityuwa, imetyhuri, igolide, platinum nesilivere. Onke amazwe Andes ukuqhayisa ubonelelo obaneleyo ngamatye anqabileyo kunye semi-elixabisekileyo ezifana neametiste, netopazi, neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho nabanye.

Imozulu kwamazwe lemvula

Andes - yinto uluhlu intaba enkulu, inxalenye eziya kwahluka enye kwenye. Kuba lula kokuphonononga esi Andes ziye zohlulwa kumazwe ezine physiographic idibene iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka.

amazwe Andes of Latin America - ngamazwe efudumeleyo wasezantsi, kodwa sezulu isuntswana eyahlukileyo enye kwenye.

Northern Andes

Ngomhla kummandla ezi ziintaba: yinxalenye Ecuador, Venezuela kunye Colombia. Kumazwe ebonakalayo-geographical luquka: Caribbean Andes, Andes of Ecuador kunye Northwest Andes.

Imozulu into ethandwa sub-zemvula. Isixa kwezulu kwi Pacific kunxweme ukuya ku 8000 mm ngonyaka, xa besiza kwemvula ngaphantsi kodwa imbalela musa ziyenzeka. Ngasempumalanga liyancipha ukufuma, kwezona ziseza ntsi kwamaxandeka ntaba kukhula kuphela letnezelenye nemihlaba yeenkuni, kodwa endaweni ka-1000 m ukuqala ngasentla gilei emanzi.

Kumathambeka angaphakathi imvula ngaphantsi, ngoko kukho letnezelenye kuphela okanye amahlathi nzima-zodonga.

Central Andes

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba yahlulwe eBolivia kunye Andes, njengoko la mazwe zifumaneka kule nxalenye zintaba.

Central Andes kwahluka kwimozulu eyomileyo ngokwaneleyo. Inxalenye lawona - Andes. Imvula ngaphantsi kwama-300 mm ngonyaka. Kodwa ukususela kubude ka-3500 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ukunyuka imvula, ngoko kukho iitapile ezikhulayo, irhasi kunye nezinye okuziinkozo. Yonke imizi emikhulu nabo kuloo ephakame.

Iqondo lobushushu avareji kulonyaka + 20-23 ° C. Ehlotyeni le ubushushu kwanele Andes + 18 ° C ebusika, ubushushu yi + 15 ° C. Kwi kunxweme Pacific amaqondo obushushu yi ngezantsi.

Andes sehlathi

Apha ke ibekwe phantse ngokupheleleyo eChile. Kwinxalenye esemantla kwezulu ntaba incinane kakhulu - 10 mm ngonyaka. Nantsi i Atacama Desert.

South of imvula entlango kwandisa ukuya ku 1500 mm ngonyaka.

January lobushushu Umyinge we + 22 ° C, ngoJulayi - phakathi + 12 ° C 18 ° C.

Kwiindawo apho imvula yenza kube lula ukukhula emahlathini emvula kwindawo epholileyo. Xa inani imvula kuvela amahlathi nzima-zodonga, utyani ityholwana, nto leyo iba entlango.

toothfish Andes

Le yinxalenye yenkqubo ezinemigodi kwanala iyachithwa. On amathambeka zabo lwasentshona iwela malunga 5000 mm kwemvula ngonyaka, yaye iqondo lobushushu ehlotyeni nasebusika yi + 15 ° C.

Kumathambeka esentshona imvula uyehla uye kuma-1500 mm, kwaye iqondo lobushushu inyuswe ukuya + 20 ° C - + 24 ° C.

Andes Community

Onke amazwe Andes ukwabelana imbali eqhelekileyo. Kwanangaphambi uphuhliso kwezi bamathanga komhlaba ukusuka Western Yurophu kubemi zeentaba - amaIndiya - ziye zaphuhliswa inkcubeko yabo kunye noqoqosho. An imeko yamandulo kummandla Andes waqina ngokwemigqaliselo zoqoqosho nezentlalo. Kukho phambili kwezolimo kunye nemfuyo nje kuphela, kodwa ibe imveliso kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Konke oko lutshatyalaliswe kunye ukufika boyisa zaseBritani, France kunye Portugal.

Colony wazisa kumazwe anengeniso enkulu ngokwaneleyo kuqala. uphuhliso kwezoqoqosho ziya kwicala elinye. Kodwa emva kokuba inkululeko lamazwe abavela kumazwe lobukoloniyali lemvula bahamba iindlela zabo bodwa ukuze noqoqosho lukumgangatho Latin America yahlukile kakhulu.

Ukuphucula imeko yabo, amazwe zaseAndes wayakha umfelandawonye - Andes Community. Ngoko ke babefuna ukwandisa kwimarike kazwelonke,, babeziintsali. Ngenxa yoko, oko yaqalisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso amasiko aqhelekileyo, kwabakho ucwangciso mveliso jikelele kunye namazwe ubuncinane phambili kwezoqoqosho - Bolivia kunye Ecuador - baye banikwe izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo.

Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili ze-AU - kukudala isikhokelo apho umsebenzi supranational anqongophele. imodeli sehlathi Community efanayo imodeli European Union, kunye umahluko nje engephi.

I-AC iqulathe ezintathu eziphambili:

- Council lukaMongameli. Nantsi ke ingcaciso-nkqubo yokuhlanganiswa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno subregion. Ezihloliweyo iziphumo ekufikelelwe kuzo.

- IBhunga laBaphathiswa Foreign. Iqhuba ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi enxulumene wezangaphandle. Oku ikakhulu inxaxheba kwiqela nolungelelaniso kwiingxoxo ezahlukeneyo ngamazwe kunye nemibutho.

- General Secretariat. Le esilawulayo, likhokelwa General nguNobhala, abanyulwe liBhunga labaPhathiswa.

Okunye imizimba oluncedisayo: kwiAltiplano iPalamente, kwiAltiplano Court of Justice, General Secretariat, kunye nabanye.

amazwe Andes e Umzantsi Melika - i European Union e-Europe.