Njengokuba ubuchwepheshe computer siye savela

Izigaba zophuhliso zobugcisa computer lungohlulwa lube amaxesha amathandathu, ngeqanda kwisizukulwana wesihlanu. Ngamnye kubo kuquka omnye okanye elinye inyathelo ekuphuhliseni imisebenzi ngezakhiwo kunye nekhompyutha. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba ubonakele ubuchwepheshe computer yokuqala kwinkulungwane yeshumi. UBlaise UPascal basungula ikhompyutha ngomatshini unako ukuyenza kuphela imisebenzi zokudibanisa nokuthabatha, kodwa iqulethe enye kuphela izinto mechanical, amagiya manual drive. Emva kwethutyana oko yasungulwa (kangangeenkulungwane amathathu) ukuba iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo ukuvelisa-phindo, iyantlukwano, kwaye ugcine iziphumo aphakathi, kodwa yekhompyutha technology jikelele xesha abazange babe ukuthandwa kwaye khange phambili ngaphaya kwenqanaba kwipokotho calculator mihla. Eli xesha kuthiwa isizukulwana zero.

Isizukulwana sokuqala

Uphuhliso technology computer ukunyuka intaba ekuqaleni yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu neemfuno zomkhosi, njengoko lweenqanawa ezintywilayo aseJamani ukutshona iinqanawa ezininzi kangaka British wathuma omnye komnye yaye ebhankini ikhowudi kunomathotholo. Kunye nokukwazi outbid isixhobo enkhowudingi (enigma) nkqu, amaBritane waqonda ukuba izakhi yeradio kufuneka phantse lophanyazo, nto leyo ithetha ukuba kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu yokubala. Yaba ngeli xesha kubonakala ikhompyutha yokuqala ngekhompyutha sondo, Noko ke, leyo, wahlala imfihlelo yasemkhosini iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

A isici esasenza iikhompyutha lokuqala esekelwe kwi yombane kwaba ukusebenzisa zabo iprosesa systems tube ne kwikhowudi yokubini reaction ( "zero-isigaba", ebe isasetyenziswa nemisebenzi kungabangela "bokwenyaniso-bobuxoki '), nto leyo linyathelo elikhulu phambili.

second

Ngowe-1956, yamachiza ceba le transistor yokuqala, nto leyo iye yakwazi endaweni kuphela isibane yesekethe iikhompyutha eziphelelwe lixesha, kodwa ukuyenza izihlandlo ezilishumi ezincinane ezincinane! Kungenxa kule xesha zembali baba iikhompyutha yokuqala, leyo unanamhla zibizwa ngokuba anamandla, kwaye zisetyenziswa nakwindawo zokugcina elektroniki ezahlukeneyo, amathala eencwadi kunye netanki enkulu baba kunjalo.

isizukulwana sesithathu

Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili ubugcisa kwikhompyutha iye bavela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, intsimi zokukhokhela lokuqala computer transistor kokusungulwa, ndawonye mazifakwe kwi imveliso wesiphaluka wokuqala ehlanganisiweyo iikhompyutha, okwenza ukuba abavelisi computer yokuqala omawucinge ngayo ukuqalisa indlela yokwenza iiPC ikhaya.

sizukulwana sesine

iziphaluka Integrated zenziwa ngcono ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kwakukho sele ilungile ngakumbi ukuba baye kubabiza chips ngenxa inani lala transistors (ukuya kwizigidi!) ukuze bakwazi ukumelana. VLSI - nantso into namhla umi endlwini, elowo neekhomyutha zobuqu. Enyanisweni, kule uze ugqibezele uphuhliso kweekhompyutha, kunye neekhompyutha akukho kubekanye ngaphezulu, kodwa ayizange iphele ukuphelela kwayo.

isizukulwana Fifth (iikhompyutha ngabonakali)

Yaba esi sizukulwana iikhompyutha, siyakwazi ukubona umzekelo amacwecwe, e-iincwadi kunye nezinye i Pilot iikhompyutha. ekuqaleni Baye ukhawule njengendlela yokwenza ikhompyutha yakho njengoko compact lula, kodwa hayi nje ngokubanzi nje, iiPC zesiqhelo zokubhala okanye laptops. Kodwa ngokuqinileyo kuyo injongo yaso zakho emarikeni kunye ngokuqinileyo sibambelele ndwa zabo ngesibonelelo eminyaka.