Ngaba ifomu ubomi lesilicon on Earth?

). Le geochemist odumileyo, academician Fersman hypothesized ukuba iplanethi yethu ukuba ifom ubomi lesilicon (non-carbon). iziphakamiso ezifanayo zenziwa abaphengululi abohlukileyo ngamaxesha ahlukileyo. A myalezo ubuhanjiswe ngoNovemba kulo nyaka ukuba California Institute of biotech igciwane asuka onako nokulungelelanisa iikhompawundi kunye Sio _2. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba kakhulu phambili kuphando ezinxulumene izidalwa nendalo yakhe ukutya isekelwe iimolekyuli ezingaphiliyo.

uhlobo Silicon wobomi: theory vitoliticheskaya

Ngethuba lokwenza uphando izazinzulu ziye Ndasingasinga kuvimba ka ulandelelwano protein enqanda ukuba bayakwazi ukubophelela kunye Sio _2. Ukuze indlela abasabela ngayo yaye hemoproteins ekhethiweyo. Bona iiproteni aba bakhoyo apha ezimbaxa zentsimbi kunye porphyrins. Abaphandi bakhetha cytochrome. Le iproteni ukuba kuhlelwe bacterium emithonjeni ashushu zangaphantsi e Iceland. Izazinzulu ziye zachongwa kwaye zenze isakhi buqonda enzyme. Emva koko yena phantsi kwezo ziphuma kuzo. A ukulandelelana DNA abaphandi yaziswa E. coli. Ngexesha ngokuqwalasela, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwiDNA ezithile kwisiza esebenzayo kwakhokelela yokuba intsholongwane sele idityaniswe ukuvelisa iproteni ekwaziyo ukwenza Yindibanisela iikhompawundi organosilicon. ukusebenza kwayo kumiselwa izinga abasabela kunye nobungakanani imveliso lingaphaya ngobuchule ehlanganisa ngumntu. Oosonzululwazi abaceba ukuqhubeka isifundo. injongo yabo ukuqonda ukuba kutheni, nangona iikhompawundi lesilicon ngokubanzi Emhlabeni, ngexesha yendaleko zidaliwe kwaye aphuhlisiweyo luhlobo carbon. Endalweni akukho izinto ezingaba usebenzise Sio ₂ ukutya. . Kunokwenzeka ukuba kwixa elizayo, abaphandi baza kuba nako ukwenza umzimba apho ukuqala i eziphilayo lesilicon on Earth.

imifanekiso nokubhala

незаметна человеческому глазу. uhlobo Silicon lokuphila eMhlabeni ayibonakali ngeliso yabantu. Nethe kuyo kunjalo ukhipha ixesha lokuba abantu ithathele ingqalelo ithuba ubukho bayo. Iincwadi Pratchett (umbhali IsiNgesi) malunga Discworld ezichazwe nogqatso lokuqala uluntu lesilicon-organic - trolls. yokucinga kwabo kuxhomekeke lobushushu kokusingqongileyo. Ukuba kukunyaba, nto leyo uphawu trolls, ngenxa ekusebenzeni abaziintsizana efudumeleyo abicah ebuchotsheni. Nge kobubi elikhulu lezi zidalwa kombisa krelekrele phezulu kakhulu. Abameli lesilicon-calcium zehlabathi uguqulwe ube amathambo lezilwanyana nezityalo, kwakunye kwelekorale.

ngendalo

komhlaba French Reshar Eskola kwaye kakhulu ixesha elide, bahlolisisa ngenyameko kakhulu lwemizekelo yamatye ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mhlaba. Bafumanisa ukuba matye abe iimpawu ezithile kwiinkqubo zobomi. Kwenzeka ngokucothayo kakhulu kuphela. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba isakhiwo ilitye zingatshintsha. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abadala okanye kulutsha. Ukongezelela koko, abaphandi bafumanise ubuchule babo "aphefumle." Kodwa omnye "impefumlo" bulukwe neentsuku 1-14, yaye "ukubetha" - phantse imini yonke. Izazinzulu ziye isithombe amatye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ixesha ndilimise ukukwazi kwabo ukuhamba. Ngelo xesha, "ukuze kuvuleke lihamba 'aba kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.

uhlobo Silicon wobomi: ngeerubhi, njengamatye aphilileyo

Kukho ingcamango yokuba yikristale emkhusaneni kukho izimbiwa ekwaziyo beqokelela ulwazi kunye nokusebenzisa. Leyo ithiyori abeke phambili "okucinga engxondorheni." Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, zonke izinto eziphilayo, abantu, kuquka, kuphela "lihlathi". nokubaluleka kwazo siyifumana ukuzalwa "samatye". Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba emva evela uthuthu nokutshiswa mntu unako ukuvelisa diamond. Le nkonzo ezithandwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, ka-500 g kothuthu phantsi koxinzelelo nobushushu iinyanga 2 diamond blue zikhuliswa enobubanzi we-5 mm. Umntu avareji synthesizes malunga 100 kg zwi kunye lesilicon ubomi babo. Kukholelwa ukuba banyebelezela emzimbeni, iqalisa ukukhula, ngokufuthi ubuhlungu. Emva kokufa la matye kusenokwenzeka ukuba bangenele omnye umjikelezo wophuhliso sele iimeko zendalo (zendalo). Aba amatshe ngazodwa efana ngeerubhi. Cluster of engenakubalwa enjengentlabathi kunye nophuhliso umzimba Kudala kwaziwa. Loo nkqubo ibizwa pseudomorphs. Ngoko ke, amathambo idayinaso aye alondolozwa kwada kwanamhla ngenxa esi senzeko. Khemikhali Ukubunjwa nto iintsalela yakwenza inwebu ithambo ayinayo. Enyanisweni, ubukho babo ebangela ifomu ubomi lesilicon. доказано рядом исследований. Oku bungqinelwa izifundo ezininzi. Kwimeko enye ziyazalana ithambo uhlala yikalikedo, kwelinye - apatite. E Australia, kwafunyaniswa belemnites ezingaqhelekanga - cephalopods, ngokubanzi imiwe iplanethi ngexesha Mesozoic. Izidumbu ezimbiwa kufakwe yihakinto.

Uphando ka Bokovikova

". uhlobo kakhulu yokuqala yobomi kungenxa lesilicon umzekelo izimbiwa "neagati" nje. Abaphengululi Russian Bokovikov wafumana abathile imiqondiso ezikuvumela nokucacisa hypothesis. Neagati i iintlobo cryptocrystalline of zwi. It inikwa ngendlela entle yikalikedo ifayibha aggregate, imibala kunye nokusasazwa eyahlukileyo ibhendi isakhiwo sekhombuya. Kule khosi iminyaka emininzi lokuqaphela uye wachaza ifom ubomi lesilicon. , как растительный организм, не бессмертен, несмотря на то, что существует миллионы лет. Neagati liqumrhu izityalo, uyafa, nangona kukho izigidi zeminyaka.

iimpawu

Xa iisampulu yobudala ahlukeneyo ngokucacileyo iimpawu yokwakheka. Ngokukodwa, kwi sisazinzulu zophando kunye neqela lakhe baye bafumanisa crystalline kunye nenemizila mirror bedplate emzimbeni (ixabiso lwesi sakhi iye ayasekwa ngqo, loo nto ixela ukuba le nto luhlobo olubonakalayo kufana analyzer). Agatha babe yesikhumba asiqhubeki kwaye kutsha. Njengezinye izinto ezininzi, begula, ndiyipholise imivumbo yabo (neentanda kunye neetships). предполагает питание, захват определенных пространств, сохранение сложных форм в динамике. uhlobo Silicon ubomi kubandakanya ukutya, bamba izithuba ezithile, ukulondolozwa iimilo ezintsokothileyo Dynamics.

buphindwe

Ngethuba lokwenza uphando, izazinzulu ziye kutyhilwa ulwazi olunomdla. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho ulala. umzimba crystalline ngamabhinqa, kwaye ezinemizila - njengendoda. Akhoyo yofuzo. Bona bafanekiselwa ziikristale umzimba ababhinqileyo. Andise enokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. развивается из "семян". Umzekelo, uhlobo Cr emnievaya wobomi kuphuhliswa ukusuka 'imbewu. " Ukongeza, imizekelo ezithile Bokovikov wabonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka yaye amagqabi, ukukhulisa, ukwakha iindawo hlula nesiqingatha. Abaphandi baphawula yokuveliswa kriotami in abangelwe. Izazinzulu ziye ichonge iinkqubo. Umzekelo, nucleation kriot, uphuhliso, imbonakalo kweentsana, uvusa umzimba, ukuvela ngeenxa eziba ungqukuva izakhiwo yokufa.

ukumelwa Masonic

izifundo ezininzi ebumba imfundiso entsha - anthroposophy. Umsunguli wayo yayinguRudolf Steiner. является главенствующей на планете. Wathi ukuba ifom ubomi lesilicon esoyisayo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuzalwa, uphuhliso kunye nokufa umntu kuyimfuneko kuphela injongo enye. Kungenxa kwinkonzo zehlabathi bezimbiwa. Man kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo nokuqinisekisa ubukho iikhompawundi kunye ezikrobeni atomic. Steiner ingxaki abantu Sibonile inguqu yehlabathi izimbiwa ibe umsebenzi wobugcisa. Wathi ukuba umbane bubungqina kubunzulu bomlingo zenkqunto. Xa abantu kuvuselelwe ihlabathi izimbiwa, ngokungqinelana ne kwimbono ziyayeka zayo zasekhaya ekuphuhliseni emhlabeni ngokoqobo. Yena uya kuhamba kwelinye ilizwe apho ngendlela densified uya ibonakalalise konke oko kwaba kanye nemihlaba kwezimbiwa. Steiner kukhokelela ukuxhasa amazwi Goethe, xa wayethetha kwihlabathi lomoya. . Xa sazi ubonisa ukuba kukho uhlobo lobomi lesilicon enyangeni. Uthi ukuba lo mzimba yasezulwini yaba isicwangciso sophuhliso. Kwimeko ethile nganye, ngokumalunga nganye planethi, iye beesekethe yayo. Ezi athom oshiyeke emva ekuyekeni sophuhliso lomzimba, waba isiseko nokudalwa Yomhlaba. Kuba umhlaba liphuhlise isicwangciso sabo. Ukufikelela ekupheleni uphuhliso, athom balo batshintshelwa kwesinye umzimba yasezulwini. , Марсе, Юпитере. Oku kungabangela uhlobo lesilicon lobomi kwi Venus Mars, Jupiter.

Cycle endalweni

выступает как начальная и конечная цель существования организмов на планете. uhlobo Silicon ubomi ivela njengoko injongo lokuqala yokugqibela ubukho eziphilayo emhlabeni. A Inani izazinzulu abadumileyo inikeza ukubona intsingiselo ukuvela lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu kuphela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumjikelo we-bume yendalo. Ngoxa abantu baba ngabazingeli kunye abavuni, baba ngamalungu biocenoses zendalo. Kodwa impucuko inemisebenzi ethile. Ngokutsho V. V. Malahova, omnye kwizicatshulwa izibilini oko baphuma komjikelo. Umzekelo, ukuba oyile, amalahle negesi. Elizweni umntu ubuyisela carbon ngohlobo kakhulu olufikelelekayo eziphilayo. iintsimbi nokukha evela izibilini, abantu kuwanelisa izinto ezikhutshwa zabo mveliso, inkunkuma ibuyela uqhagamshelwano elwandle ngendlela efanelekileyo abemi balo. Oku, enyanisweni, umsebenzi uluntu biosphere.

ukutshatyalaliswa abantu

Ngokutsho Malakhov, xa lo msebenzi iphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo, impucuko iya kufika esiphelweni cwaka zendalo, ngenxa ukuncipha kwezixa zentlanzi. Akuyi kuba imfazwe yenyukliya kunye ekutshabalaleni kade yoluntu. Kulo mzekelo, i Biosphere iya kufikelela kwinqanaba entsha yophuhliso. Ulindele kweentyatyambo. Kakade ke, wathi Malakhov, carbonation umoya, mhlawumbi yi greenhouse effect, ukutyebiseka enzima wolwandle metal kuya kukhokelela ukufa eziliqela eziphilayo. Oku kuya kuba yenye yeengxaki biospheric. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqanaba entsha ebomini baya kutyatyamba. Kuya kubakho iinkqubo ezintsha ngezinto engaqhelekanga kunye nesinyithi. Noko ke, konke oku kuya kubakho kungekho mntu.

iziphumo

Ngokusekelwe hypothesis Malakhov, le impucuko ofayo uya akuthethi ukufa komntu. Ngexesha elithile, abantu baya kuba behlala on Earth. Ayavumelana zoluntu bakudala of abelusi, ngabazingeli kunye abathezi. Noko ke, iya kuba ubukho iintlobo njengento yoluntu zendalo eziphilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, eli ubomi ukuba anthropocentrism. Kungenxa kwinkonzo "Okunye", apho, ngokutsho Efremov, nazo kumiselwa ngokufundisisa ilitye njengenye obubonakala.

"Dark Matter"

Ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu, lingakwazi ukwenza njenge uhlobo lobomi. Igama elithi "esimnyama," abaphandi zibhekisela into ezingenzeka otsho malunga ne-27% yabo iphela. Yemvelo, lo mba kokusungulwa ukuchaza ezithile. Ngokutsho kweengcali, lo mba unokuba ngokufanelekileyo kwaye nobudlelwane nabantu. Noko ke, le izicwili ibekwe kwinqanaba umyinge. Oku kucacisa into yokuba ixesha elide Isazinzulu ukuhlolwa wabonisa ubungqina obanelisayo amanye ukuphila emhlabeni.

isiphelo

Iimpapasho zonyango ethandwayo ingafunyanwa iziphumo izifundo ebonisa ukuba umzimba womntu kufuneka malunga 40-50 mg lesilicon suku ngalunye. Njengokuba umsebenzi walo ongundoqo yenzelwe ukugcina ukutya yesiqhelo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba uninzi izifo omzimba kungenzeka ibe yanele ukuba lesilicon abekuyo. Kule nkalo, kukholelwa ukuba iminyanya kwimpilo yoluntu iye phantsi kukutya, kuba uthintela ukufunxeka kwayo. Uninzi lwabo aqukiwe ekutyeni namhlanje. Oku, ingakumbi inyama, umgubo emhlophe, iswekile, ukutya eyakhiwe. ukutya Ukuxuba kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ngabalaleli aze 8 h. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngeli xesha umzimba digests ukutya, ngokusebenzisa ezininzi enzymes. Kwimeko enjalo ke, ingqalelo I. P. Pavlov, umzimba awukwazi kunika ezaneleyo yamandla kwezinye izigqeba - intliziyo, izintso, izihlunu, ingqondo. Ukususela oko abaphandi kwenza isigqibo enye ebalulekileyo. Bathi bona, mhlawumbi, Steiner, owathi ukuba intsingiselo yobukho bomntu iqulathe entsimini izimbiwa, ekunene.