Mdala kangakanani iphela nendlela yokubala iminyaka yayo?

Kukho intabalala zentelekelelo malunga nendlela ubudala indalo ngalo mzuzu. Ngokuqiniseka okuphelele kumbuzo yobudala bakhe ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuba baphendule. Kwaye akubonakali ukuba kuze sikwazi ukufumana impendulo ngqo. Kodwa oosonzululwazi baye baqhuba izifundo ezininzi kunye izibalo, kangangokuba ngoku isihloko kakhulu okanye ecacileyo ngaphantsi ulwandlalo.

definition

Phambi kokuba uqale ibali malunga nendlela endala iphela, kubalulekile ukuba liphawule: ubudala yalo kubalelwa ukusuka mzuzu xa baqala ukwandisa.

ΛCDM-imodeli wadalwa ukujonga data. Izazinzulu bathi ukuba uyakwazi ukuchaza kuloo maxesha okuba singazi ekuqaleni zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa, umdala kangakanani na indalo, ungenza ufumanise ngokufumana izinto ezindala ngokuthi computing ubudala.

Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu idlalwa periodization. Kule mihla, kukho izihlandlo ezithathu, nto leyo eyaziwa ulwazi oluthile. Lokuqala - yokuqala. Ibizwa ngokuba ixesha Planck (10 ^-43 imizuzwana emva Big Bang imvelaphi). Ukuba uyakholwa ukuba izazinzulu, eli xesha eyathatha ukuya ku-10 ^-11 s. Yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko elandelayo yaqhubeka 10 ^-2 s. Lubonakala kukuvela kwamasuntswana quark - ukuba yinxalenye hadrons, oko kukuthi, amasuntswana eziziziqalelo abandakanyeka kwintsebenziswano zenyukliya.

Ixesha lokugqibela - mihla. Waqala ukuba ngu kwemizuzwana 0,01 emva Big Bang. Kwaye ncam, kwiilwimi zesiNtu ithatha unanamhla.

Ngokubanzi, ngokutsho data yakutshanje, indalo ngoku iminyaka 13,75 billion. ukulungiswa avumelekile (± 0,11 billion).

Iindlela iinkwenkwezi abandayo esekelwe yokubala

Kukho enye indlela yokufumana phandle endala ngayo indalo. Yena esweni ukukhutshwa ekuthiwa-UDema ezimhlophe. Ukuba imizimba yasezulwini amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu luncinci kakhulu ngobukhulu. Malunga ubungakanani Yomhlaba. Zimele nqanaba yokugqibela kubukho nayiphi nkwenkwezi. Ngaphandle kwabo nezahlukileyo ngokobungakanani emikhulu. I emhlophe ezincinanana nkwenkwezi uba emva kokuba onke amafutha yayo yenyukliya sawo. Ngaphambi koko, Uthe bajamelene ezithile kuphazamiseka. Umzekelo, kangangexesha elithile, kuba ingxilimbela ebomvu.

Yaye ngaba ngokufumanisa ubudala ngayo indalo, ngoncedo UDema emhlophe? Ukuba ukuthi nje, kodwa izazinzulu baphumelele. Seven uqhumisele hydrogen zabo ngokucothayo kakhulu, kangangokuba ubomi babo bakwazi ukufikelela amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Lonke eli xesha bazalelwe Bulelani amandla ukugeleza. A ukufana ukuze uphole. Yaye izazinzulu, ukubala umyinge zokupholisa, amisele ixesha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa inkwenkwezi lobushushu koko yaba yokuqala (njenge, kuba 150 000 K). Ukubala ubudala indlela indalo ikhona, kufuneka ufumane UDema coolest emhlophe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wakwazi ukufumana inkwenkwezi kunye lobushushu malunga 4000 K. Scientists Ukuzincina ngenyameko zonke iinkcukacha ezisekelwe kule nkcazelo, ibango ukuba indalo ayikwazi iminyaka engaphezu kwama-15.

Uphononongo uluhlu ukulenza ziinkwenkwezi

Ukuba isicelo kule ndlela, exelela endala ngayo indalo, ngokutsho izazinzulu. La maqela ibekwe kwindawo engabalulekanga iMilky Way. Kwaye ke zijikeleza yaseburhulumenteni. Umiselo komhla nokudaleka kuyanceda ukufumana phandle i umda esezantsi ubudala indalo yethu.

Le nkqubo indlela inzima. Noko ke, umongo walo kukho uluvo nje. Emva zonke izihloko siphuma yelifu enye. Ngoko ke vuka, singatsho ngexesha elifanayo. Hydrogen utshiswe izixa ezithile kwisithuba sexesha elithile. Njani siphela? Imbonakalo, nengcungcuthekileyo, nenomlanga okanye neutron inkwenkwezi Ukwakheka emhlophe.

Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, izifundo le hlobo ikhutshwa phandle oosomajukujuku ababesakuba ACS camera Space Telescope, eyaziwa ngokuba "Hubble". Ngoko ke, njengoko izazinzulu indalo njani ubudala? Oosomajukujuku ukuba uyifumene impendulo, kwaye siyafana iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni. izihloko Age ukuba uphando, ifikelele kwi-avareji yeminyaka 12.8 billion. Kakhulu "abaphezulu" kwaba 13.4 billion.

On the izingqisho cosmic

Apha, ngokubanzi, siye safumanisa ukuba ngokuvumelana izibalo izazinzulu. Mdala kangakanani na indalo - akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa ulwazi nangaphezulu kuba nani ilingane, umzobo ingqalelo izingqisho cosmic. isifundo olwenziwe zihlole Explorer 80 kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo. Sasiwa ingqalelo ukuhla ubushushu kwaye i CMB. Ukuba ngaba uye kungena iinkcukacha, ngoko safumanisa ukuba indalo yethu, mhlawumbi, kwiminyaka 13.5-14 billion.

Yaye ngokubanzi, yonke into ayikwazi ukuba indlela silindele. Ngapha koko, indawo - isithuba ngokumangalisayo enkulu kwaye phantse ayaziwa. Kodwa emehlweni ukuba uphando lwakhe azenzayo eqhubekayo.