Mfundisi Education e Kyrgyzstan

Yini na nemfundo yobutitshala namhlanje? Ziziphi ulwalathiso kufuneka aphuhlise nemfundo yobutitshala kwinkulungwane yama-21? Ngale mibuzo neminye kufuneka siphendule ngokucacileyo ukuba kwixesha elide ukwakha yipharadaym echanekileyo yemfundo mihla zokufundiswa kwe Kyrgyzstan na.

imfundo Modern zokufundisa isenzeko yoyilo oluquka kwinqanaba lesikolo (iiklasi engundoqo kunye icala zokufundisa), nemfundo yobutitshala zasesekondari, imfundo utitshala ephakamileyo, uqeqesho lootitshala, zesidanga kunye nezifundo zobugqirha.

Kwinqaku lethu, siya kugxininisa njengenye yeekhomponenti nemfundo yobutitshala: oko kukuthi, uqeqesho lootitshala imfundo ephakamileyo wezikolo eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

E Kyrgyzstan, imfundo utitshala zemveli inxaxheba kwiikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala, amaziko oqeqesho lootitshala kunye neeyunivesithi.

Abakwiikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala, iikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala ngoku ikakhulu kwenziwe uqeqesho lootitshala kwizikolo zaseprayimari, kwiikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, njengoko umthetho, ootitshala kwizikolo zaseprayimari nasesekondari. Ne-imi- 80 lwekhulu XX, kwezinye kwiiyunivesithi, ezifana KSU ogama Arabaev, Issyk-Kul State University, Osh State University kunye nezinye iiyunivesithi zengingqi ziye uvule amasebe okanye ikhono of pedagogy kunye nendlela zemfundo samabanga aphantsi, esiqeqesha ootitshala kwizikolo zaseprayimari.

Ezizodwa kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo kuphela ijolise ekuqeqesheni ootitshala, namhlanje e Kyrgyzstan ayikho. Ngokusemthethweni, eli ziko intloko ngenxa nemfundo yobutitshala, ngenxa inertia, owayesakuba zokufundisa University ogama Ishenaaly Arabaev, ngoku uqambe Kyrgyz State University. Nangona kukho baqeqeshwa kwezinye amakhono kunye neendawo hayi ezinxulumene nemfundo yobutitshala.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakukho ootitshala ezimbalwa zamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo (Przewalski State zokufundisa Institute, Osh State zokufundisa Institute, yooMama zokufundisa Institute, PIRYAL), awayilungisayo ootitshala kuphela. Xa utitshala ukuqeqesha kwiriphabliki baye benza igalelo elibalulekileyo amaziko amaninzi kunye neeyunivesithi Russian Federation (Orenburg, Kursk, Michurinsky, Moscow zokufundiswa Institute of Moscow State University ogama emva MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Voronezh State University, iLeningrad State University, kunye nabanye). Ngokufutshane, urhulumente ingqalelo kakhulu kuqeqesho lootitshala kwinkqubo yezemfundo. Kuloo minyaka, ukunqongophala kootitshala ezizodwa wayengekho. Phantse likhulu pesenti yezikolo kwiriphabliki zaye HIS ngootitshala. Ngaphezu koko, kwaba nzima ukufumana umsebenzi apha esikolweni, ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho izihlalo ezingenabantu kootitshala kwezinye iindawo. Ewe, kwaye nomsebenzi abe ngumfundisi ophumelela ophambili - imivuzo zizinze (hayi ngaphantsi kwe yomvuzo avareji kweli lizwe), amancedo umbane, ngokuba eziluncedo, iimvume yabasebenzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo kunye nenkxaso yokuziphatha.

Xa xesha nemfundo yobutitshala impucuko eSoviet ngurhulumente, ehlawula eninzi ingqalelo. Ngenxa ngokuwa eSoviet Union phantsi yengcinezelo nemfundo yobutitshala emarikeni kunye nobudlelwane eemarike litshintshile kakhulu. Namhlanje e Kyrgyzstan akukho kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo zokufundisa ezizodwa. Xa wayefundisa iikholeji okanye neeyunivesithi babe waziqulunqa ngokutsha kwezinye amakhono ezidumileyo. Ukuba ngumfundisi wayengekho ezidumileyo. Utitshala waqalisa kuthathwa njengomsebenzi, ngokubonelela zemfundo ihlawulwe ngeenkonzo. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wafumana ezinexabiso lemarike. Kuthelekiswa neminye imisebenzi. Kwisifundo utitshala iphantsi kakhulu. Ngokuka AJ Danelyuk "utitshala isoloko inaso esitalini, akaguquki kuyo yonke le minyaka kunye namashumi ngolwazi, kuphela imihlaba wedomeyini elinye. Isibakala sokuba uyakwazi yaye bekwazi ukwenza ntoni, noko anokukwenza umfundi wakhe. Ixabiso ootitshala bezifundo liye lehla kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngexesha inkcazelo, revolution nauchnotehnologicheskoy, uphuhliso ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngempumelelo ezamkelekileyo kuluntu, ezisekelwe phezu kuqoqosho ulwazi. Ulwazi elahlekileyo self-ukuzixabisa abe yindlela ngokuqhubekekayo oluhlaziyiweyo ekudaleni ubugcisa obutsha ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ezi iimeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho kwinkqubo yemfundo utitshala iyaqhubeka ukulungiselela ootitshala bezifundo, inkxaso ulwazi yamandulo, nto leyo iye yanikezelwa abantwana esikolweni kwixa elidlulileyo, kwaye kwinkulungwane phambi lokugqibela. Kakade ke, ulwazi yomthetho noArchimedes, imigaqo yolwimi Russian kunye kwisihobe AS abantwana Pushkin kufuneka. Kodwa ukuba utitshala uyakwazi ukudlulisa fixed kuphela izithethe umthamo lolwazi, okokuqala, isikhundla sakhe ekuhlaleni ayidluli ubume nawuphi na umntu - lophethe kolwazi efanayo, yaye okwesibini, wakhe izinto zasemsebenzini uguqulwe bolwazi kwaza kwafakwa kuyo - pedagogizirovannye lwangoku ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe computer kuvumela umntu ukufunxa ngokulula oluninzi ulwazi olufunekayo ngaphandle njengabalamli "[Danyluk AY Imithetho-siseko ye-maxesha kwemfundo zokufundisa // Pedagogy, inombolo 5, 2010. - p. 39]. Kodwa eminyaka utitshala ngokuyintloko umcebisi yokomoya, inkcubeko zakhe, indoda umlinganiswa omkhulu. Yinto lihlazo ukuba utitshala uba ubume yomqeshwa sphere wenkonzo imo; ngokomoya, icandelo lemfundo konxibelelwano kunye nabantwana iyapheliswa.

Abantu abaselula, ngaphandle ezinqabileyo, akazange afune ukuya esikolweni. Esikolweni, zisebenza ikakhulu ootitshala abo bafundiswa kwixesha eSoviet, kwaye ekungeneni ootitshala abatsha kwizikolo zesekondari babambanayo mncinci kakhulu.

Xa omfutshane, ngemilinganiselo zembali kwimfundo utitshala ngexesha inciphisiwe ezinokuthelekiswa ngaphandle ukuba i "shaft lesithoba", dutywa ngendlela yonke yayo. Yintoni omncinane aseleyo kule gagasi kuthiwa "perestroika" kunzima ebambelele. Iklasi elincinane labantu abaye bahlala kwinkqubo yangaphambili, uyasokola ukugcina into yexabiso ukuba ndashiyeka.

Inkqubo endala nemfundo yobutitshala, nangona ezinye iindleko, kodwa sizalisekisauthumo wayo kwaye yenza kakuhle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sibe nenkqubo esihle nemfundo yobutitshala, nokubuyiselwa leyo iya kubashiya eninzi lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezinto zokusebenza. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka phambili, ukuba abe phezu kwabo bangenazimvo yempucuko. Ukuya phambili, kufuneka ugqibe ukuba yeyiphi indlela ukuya kwimfundo lootitshala, ingakumbi kuqeqesho lootitshala bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo.

Enye into icacile, ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo impucuko iinkqubo isiqulatho nemfundo yobutitshala itshintshile. Abo postulates ezibalulekileyo ukuba utitshala lowo yenethiwekhi inkcubeko, umcebisi yokomoya isizukulwana esitsha, utitshala, kwaba, kwaye ziya kubakho. umbuzo imingeni emitsha malunga nendlela mihla kufuneka baqeqeshwe utitshala? Ziziphi iintlobo ezintsha kumsebenzi zokufundisa, kufuneka ukuba bayazi? wenza ukuba ukwazi wocikizeko utitshala mihla njani? Enye into esiyaziyo kukuba utitshala ayikho kude ukususela ngoku "homeroom" ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi. Age kobugcisa bolwazi nonxibelelwano ukongezelela ekufundiseni isifundo yabo kufuneka yenze izimvo, ihlabathi zentlalo, ubuhlobo abantwana ebomini. Ootitshala ngoku kuthathwa yingcali abaqeqeshwe endle ubudlelwane pedagogy eluntwini. Singasathethi iimpawu ezifana noqeqesho aphezulu zobungcali, ukuhamba, ukukwazi ukusebenza kwiqela, baveza iingcinga zabo.

Indawo inkulu umgangatho kahle kobugcisa bolwazi nonxibelelwano kwimisebenzi yabo professional. technologies Namhlanje, ulwazi kunye nonxibelelwano zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yemisebenzi yezandla izinto zasemsebenzini.

Uphando oluqhutywe yi-Centre for Vocational kwezeMfundo Kyrgyz Academy of imiba leMfundo liya kuqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho karhulumente yangoku yemfundo kwimimandla zokufundisa musa ukunika uqeqesho lootitshala yemfundo ogxile japan-mihla. Ngokuphathelele ne apho abasebenzi kweprojekthi Centre CRP omtsha lalungiselela orientation zokufundisa esekelwe nobuchule.

Ingxaki bolwazi oluphucukayo, kwavela kutshanje ubuchule, kwaye ngenxa yoko le nokutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo-qoqosho. Ulwazi olufundwe kuqeqesho ngokukhawuleza yalupheleyo, nobuchule nadpredmetny, ukuba akhiwa okanye abazifumene ngethuba iindidi zemisebenzi yokufunda. Wonke umntu inqanaba babo lobuchule. Kuyinto ngamnye ngaphezu ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Ubuchule lihlolwe ze aboniswe kakuhle practice.

ubuchule kobungcali kootitshala. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, nadpredmetna, kwaye akukho isixa elula lokuqulethwe sisifundo. "Ezi nkcukacha izakhono njenge uhlobo oluthile yokulungela professional kukuba oko ezifunyenwe eyidlalayo, zokusombulula iingxaki zobungcali, nokuba oko kwenzeka ngaphakathi sikhokelo yenkqubo yemfundo. Nature umsebenzi zokufundisa ... akavumeli nobuchule ukwenza, ie "YokuGqithisela umbhalo okhawulezileyo" ithetha abafundi ngemveli baqonda imfundo. ubuchule zokufundisa njengoko impahla ebomini siyimveliso ye self-uphuhliso ingcali elizayo kwi indawo yokusebenzela, kulandele iinkosi "[VV Serikov imisebenzi Nature wokufundisa ingakumbi vocational utitshala imfundo // Pedagogy, № 5. - 2010 - p. 34-

Ngokubanzi, uhlobo izakhono zokufundisa kubasebenzi ngaphezu, umzekelo, injineli okanye nobuchule kagqirha. Isakhono yokugqibela ngakumbi ngqo, ezinokulinganiswa. Ngamanye amazwi, zokufundisa izakhono yinto kumava, ababeyiqwebile kwikhosi yoqeqesho kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ukuba nolwazi senkolelo minye bonke abafundi, ubuchule, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, umntu. ubuchule zokufundisa ayinakuqinisekisa yi iimvavanyo ezisesikweni ezifana iimvavanyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimvavanyo zomlomo nezibhaliweyo. ujonge ubuchule ':. Ekuhambeni practice.

Kuqeqesho yemveli Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule, ukuba ndithi, ukucacisa, xa nobuchule angaya umfundi kufuneka uchaze ukuba kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuba enze, kodwa ukwenza lo msebenzi. Kwati ukuba imveliso imfundiso zemveli, ie Asiyo isixa semali ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Oku akuthethi ukuba wabalahla yenzululwazi kunye injongo lemfundo, iba ukwala izifundo zokufunda ngenxa yayo. Kufuneka ibe Ukulinganisa ngokwenene bume zokufundisa, ukufuna wena. Olu uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi yezemfundo, apho endaweni indlela yemveli nokulungiselela ootitshala.

Kungenxa yoko le nto GOS ezintsha ukufundisa lokuqhelaniswa zokufundisa inesixhobo ikhosi 1 ukuya ku-4 ngonyaka, oko kukuthi, kuyinto eqhubekayo, usuku olunye ngeveki, yaye ubizwa ngokuba "uSuku School".

Student full-time busisigxina esikolweni.

Kungenxa yoko le nto GOS entsha ukuqhelwaniswa zokufundisa, ingqalelo kakhulu zahlawula ukufundisa. Ukufundisa yokwenza yindawo apho izakhono zobungcali ezikhethekileyo jikelele kwakhiwa. On ukufundisa "zibe" ulwazi esele zifunyenwe kwi izifundo kwiiklasi practical.

Ngexesha AGM uphuhliso lwemimandla zobuchule zokufundisa iibhloko ezintathu ziye zachongwa: jikelele, jikelele kunye ezizodwa. Izitena zokuqala ezimbini ngqibelelo enyanisweni edityanisiweyo kuzo zonke iinkangeleko. ubuchule ezizodwa ukuvimba kwinkangeleko nganye. Uluhlu nezakhono ezifundiswa kwi CRP ezi zengcebiso ngokwendalo, amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo banelungelo, ngokusekelwe ubunakho yangaphakathi, shicilelo, ukwandisa, nokucacisa. Kwaye le nkqubo iza kuqhuba de size imodeli engcono beninokuzanelisa uluntu.