USidney Poitier ngumdlali oqhekeza uhlanga lwaseHollywood

Umdlali owaziwayo kwihlabathi, umlawuli, umntu kunye nediplomat. Akaphefumleli nje kuphela impumelelo ye-cinematic, kodwa kunye neempawu zomntu, wanikezwa nguMongameli waseMelika ngeMveli yoMdala kwigalelo lakhe kwinkcubeko yehlabathi kunye nokugcinwa koxolo. Indoda ehambile kumntu ovela kwintsapho enokuthobekileyo kwintsimi eya kwi-ambassador ye-Commonwealth yamaBahamas eJapan kunye ne-UNESCO.

Ubuntwana

USidney Poitier wazalwa ngoFebruwari 20, 1927 eMiami, eFlorida. Abazali bakhe uReginald noEvelyn Poitier babengamafama alula aseCat Island (i-Bahamas) kwaye bafumana ubomi ngokukhula nokuthengisa iintamatato. Ekubeni intsapho enkulu yayinomvuzo othobekileyo, le nkwenkwe yayisinda kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bayo. Emva kokuzala nomntwana uSidney, abazali babuyele kwifama yabo, eyayisesiqithi esincinane. Le nkwenkwana yachitha iminyaka yokuqala elishumi yobomi bayo isebenza kunye nentsapho yakhe kwifama. Waye esikolweni kakhulu kunqabileyo, ukusebenza kwifama yasekhaya kwathatha ixesha elininzi. Xa uSidney ephendulela iminyaka eli-11 ubudala, intsapho yakhe yafudukela eNassau, apho yadibana neziqhamo zenkcubeko kunye ne-cinema. Kwiminyaka eyi-12 ukunceda intsapho, ekugqibeleni inkwenkwe yaphuma esikolweni kwaye yafumana umsebenzi njengomsebenzi, kodwa ngaphandle kwemfundo, amathuba akhe ebomini ayenganiselwe. Ngoko ke, xa uSidney edibanisa nenkampani embi, uyise, esaba ukuba le nkwenkwe yayiza kuba yicalaphu, yafuna ukuba ihambe e-United States. Umntakwabo waseSydney wayesele ehleli eMiami, kwaye eneminyaka eyi-15 loo mfana wajoyina.

Ulutsha

Ekubeni uSidney Poitier wazalelwa eMiami, wayenelungelo lokuba ngummi waseMerika, kodwa kumntu omnyama eFlorida ngawo-1940, amalungelo ayenziwa kuphela ephepheni. Ukukhula emphakathini omnyama kwiBahamas, iPoitiers ayizange ifunde ukubonisa inhlonipho ekulindelekileyo kubantu baseMzantsi abamhlophe. Nangona uSidney washesha wathola umsebenzi eFlorida, wayengenakuyifumana ukuthotywa.

Emva kwehlobo echitha ixesha lokuhlamba izitya kwi-resort, uPoitiers washiya eMzantsi waza waya eNew York. Endleleni, waphangwa, kwaye eHarlem, inkwenkwe eneminyaka eyi-16 yafika kunye needola ezimbalwa ephaketheni lakhe. Walala kwiitishi zeebhasi kunye nophahla, de wafumana imali eyaneleyo yokufumana indawo yokuhlala. Engasetyenziswanga kubusika, uSidney wayengenakukwazi ukufumana iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, waqamba amanga malunga nobudala bakhe waya emkhosini ukuze azisindise ebusweni.

Ukubuyela eNew York, wagqiba kwelokutshintsha ubomi bakhe, kwaye awaziwa ukuba i-biography yayiza kuyilungisela njani uSidney Poitier, ukuba kungengenxa yokuphicothwa kwi-Harlem Theater ye-Afrika yase-Afrika. Ngenxa yokuba ichithwe ngenxa yegama leCaribbean kunye nezakhono ezingalunganga zokufunda, umfana uPoitier wathatha njengengxaki kwaye wagqiba ekubeni ngumdlali weyiphi na indleko. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezalandelayo, wazisebenzela nzima.

Itheyetha

Kamva, uSidney wabuyela kwidlaterha waza wasebenza njengomlondolozi ukuze atshintshe iiklasi kwiziko lezemidlalo. Ngolunye usuku ukusebenza kungaphumeleli ngenxa yokungabikho komdlali we-Harry Belafont, kunye noPoitier avunyelwe ukuba athathe indawo yakhe. Ekuqaleni iSydney yayingenamahloni kwinqanaba, kodwa emva koko wadibana kunye, umdlalo wakhe wokwenza umdla wakhangela ingqalelo kumlawuli we-Broadway, owamnika inxaxheba encinci kwimveliso ye-Afro-American ye-Comedy comedy uLysistratus. Abagxeki kunye nababukeli babenomdla ngomsebenzi womdlali omncinane. Wamenywa ukuba angene kwiqela leendawo ezidumileyo zentlalo. Uhambo lwaqala ngokuvelisa umdlalo "u-Anne Lukaste" - ngoko uSidney Poitier wangena kwihlabathi labadlali be-African-American, apho wafumana amava amaninzi.

Iyokuqala isebenza kwi-cinema

Inxalenye yokuqala yeSidney kwi-movie yayiyinxaxheba yodokotela oselula kwifilimu ethi "Ayikho Indlela Yokwenza" (1950). Ngaphambi kwalo msebenzi kumabonakude aseMerika, abadlali abamnyama badlala kuphela indima yabakhonzi, umdlalo onamandla wePoitiers kunye nesiqalo somzobo, ozinikezele ukulwa nenzondo ngokobuhlanga, waba yityhilelo kubantu baseMelika. Ifilimu yayivinjelwe ixesha elifutshane ukubonisa kwiChicago, nakwizixeko ezininzi ezisemzantsi kwaye ayizange ifike kwiikrini. Kwii-Bahamas, ngelo xesha kwakuyi-coloni yaseBrithani enkulu, le filimu yayivinjelwe, eyayivusa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu abamnyama, abaphathi babefanele benze izigqibo, kwaye inkululeko yokuzimela yaba nzima.

Nangona i-Sidney Poitier esebenzayo yamkelwa kakuhle ngabaphulaphuli, kwakunezinye iindima eziphawulekayo kubadlali abamnyama. Kwiminyaka emininzi, uPoitier uye wachaza umsebenzi kwi-theaters kunye ne-cinema eneempesheni eziphantsi eziphantsi komsebenzi olula. Ngo-1955, umdlali oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala udlala indima yabafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo kwifilimu ethi "School Jungle". Umfanekiso, uxela ngelizwe elinzima kwisikolo sedolophu, kwaye umdlalo othumayo wePoitiers waba ngumbono wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoko umdlali-mdlali wenza udumo kubantu abaninzi.

USydney Poitier: ifilimu

Ngowe-1958, uPoitiers wayenenkwenkwezi kule filimu "Musa ukugoba intloko" umlawuli uStanley Kramer. I-creative tandem yePoitiers kunye no-Tony Curtis, kunye nesicwangciso sefilimu, malunga nabagwebi ababalekileyo, bavalelane kunye kwaye, nangona badidekile, baphoqelelwe ukuba basebenzisane ukuze bafumane inkululeko, bafumana ukuhlaziywa kwemihla ngemihla yabagxeki kunye neempumelelo zebhokisi ye-ofisi. Kuba umsebenzi wakhe kwindima yePoitiers yonyulwe i-Oscar.

Indima yomdlali kwi-screen version yomsebenzi othi "Porgy noBess" nayo yafumana indumiso enkulu kubagxeki. Nangona i-stellar isimo kwi-cinematography, uPoitiers uyaqhubeka edlala kwindawo yokudlala. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1959, i-premiere yomdlalo othi "iRains in Sun" yayisisigxina kwi-Broadway, esekelwe kwidlali kaLorein elawulwa nguLloyd Richards kunye nePoitiers kwinqanaba lesicatshulwa. Umdlalo malunga nomzabalazo wemihla ngemihla ebomini osebenzayo ufumene iimpendulo zokuvuma abagwebi kwaye waba ngumdlalo weklasi waseMelika. Ngowe-1961, "I-Izyum kwiLanga" yahlonywa.

Ukuva ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwimzabalazo ekhulayo ekuchaseni ngokobuhlanga e-United States, eMzantsi Afrika naseBahamas, iPoitiers ilumkele kakhulu ukukhetha iindima kwi-cinema. Kwimifanekiso ethi "Izilwanyana zeMimandla" (1963), wadlala umntu onomdla oye wakhuthaza ukwakha isithintelo somyalelo osweleyo weendwendwe ezabaleka eMpuma Jamani. Ifilimu yayiyimpumelelo enkulu kwaye yazisa iPoitiers i-Oscar kwi-Best Actor. Ivuyisa le mpu melelo yeSidney Poitiers ifoto ayikwazi ukuhambisa.

Ngowe-1967 wabonakaliswa ukukhululwa kweefilimu ezintathu ezidumileyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwePoitiers: "Ku titshala ngothando", "Yicinga ukuba ngubani oza kusihlwa" kunye "nobusuku obusenyakatho". Ekugqibeleni, uPoitiers wadlala indima yomculi omnyama, owathi, xa uphando lobulali, lugqithise ubandlululo lobuhlanga lwabantu basezidolophini kunye ne-sheriff. Ifilimu yanqoba i-Oscar njengomfanekiso ogqwesileyo wonyaka.

UPoitiers uzama isandla sakhe ekuqondiseni kwaye ngowe-1972 wenza intetho yakhe ngefilimu ethi "iTanki noMshumayeli." Njengomdlali, uSidney Poitier uye wayenomdla ngakumbi kwiindima eziphawulekayo, kodwa njengomqondisi uhlala eninzi ngokubhekiselele kumdlalo. Ngoko kwakukho i-trilogy eyaziwayo: "NgoMgqibelo kusihlwa emaphethelweni esi sixeko", "Makhe senze kwakhona" kwaye "Hamba umda".

USyney wayesoloko ekhangele iziganeko kwilizwe lakubo, kwaye xa uhambo lokuzimela e-Bahamas lusebenza ngamandla, washiya i-US ekuphakameni kwakhe komsebenzi waza wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Kulapho uba ngumdla obalaseleyo kumzabalazo wokuzimela, kwaye ngowe-1973 i-Bahamas ifumana isikhundla selizwe elizimeleyo. Ngowe-1980-1990, uSidney Poitier wapapasha umxholo wendalo kwaye waqhubeka eqondisa. Ama-comedies akhe "Ayenzileyo Ngamaqhinga", "Ubuqhetseba", "Epheleleyo-phambili" kunye ne "Papa-ghost" basasaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwababukeli. Njengomdlali wePoitiers ubonakala kwiifilimu zethelevishini kwaye udlala ubuntu bembali, kuquka uMongameli waseMzantsi Afrika uNelson Mandela.

Imisebenzi yoluntu kunye nezopolitiki

Ukuba nobumi bobabili eBahamas naseUnited States, i-Poitiers ngo-1997 yafumana isipho sokuba ngu-Ambassador we-Commonwealth ye-Bahamas ukuya eJapan. Ukususela ngeli xesha, naye ungummeli wesizwe osisigxina we-Bahamas ukuya kwi-UNESCO. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uPoitier wanikezela ixesha elide ekubhaliseni nasekupapapheni iincwadi ezininzi eziye zithengisa kakhulu.

Umntu oneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo akakwazi ukufunda, uhlala eqhuba imfundo kwaye ngoku uyazi ezininzi iilwimi. Ngendlela, uSydney Poitier uthetha isiRashiya kakuhle.

Ngo-2001, wathola umvuzo wesibini "Oscar" - lo ngumvuzo oyingqayizivele wokufezekisa ubomi. Ngo-2009, waziswa kwi-Lincoln Order "yeempumelelo ezibonisa umlingiswa kunye nelifa elihlala njalo" likaMongameli uLincoln. Umyalelo wanikezwa ekuvuleni kweFree Theatre eWashington, eya kumongameli wase-US uBarack Obama. Ngaloo nyaka, uMongameli Obama wanikezela uSidney Poitier ngeMveli yoMdaniso.