I-Athabasca iLake: inkcazo, iiflethi kunye nezilwane, iingxaki zemvelo

I-Lake Athabasca ifumaneka kwintsimi yamaphondo amabini aseCanada: ngasentla empuma ye-Alberta kunye nenyakatho-ntshona yeSaskatchewan, ekupheleni kwenkcaso ye-Precambrian. Ukuba nommandla okhangayo (7935 sq km) kunye nomda wonxweme we-2,140 km, ngowona wesibhozo esikhulu eCanada.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nelibi

Ili libi liye kwiphondo ezimbini kwaye likhulu kunazo zonke e-Alberta naseSaskatchewan (eCanada), elinalo malunga ne-70% yommandla wamanzi. Itholakala kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-213 m ngaphezu kwezinga lezilwandle, ububanzi obungakanani buyi-20 m, ubukhulu bukhulu-124 m. Ubude bamanzi bubekwe ngama-283 km, ububanzi obude buyi-50 km. Bondla ilitye lemifula yaseAthabasca ne Mira. Amanzi ahamba kunye ne-Slave River kunye neMackenzie ukuya e-Arctic Ocean.

Imvelaphi yesitya seLake Athabasca ichazwa njenge-glacial-tectonic. Kwavela ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kwe-tectonic depression ekukhunjuleni komhlaba ngeqhwa. Ngaphandle kwamanye amachibi amakhulu eCanada (i-Slave enkulu ne-Bear), i-Athabasca yindawo ehlala kuyo i-glacier iMcConnell.

Imbali yelibi

Igama lechibi le-Athabasca livela kwigama elithiapiscow ukusuka kwisiXhosa (ulwimi lwaseNyakatho Melika). Ngalolu gama babhekisela kwindawo evulekileyo yamanzi (amanxuwa, amachibi, njl.), Ecaleni kweebhanki apho kwakhula imivumba, ingca kunye neengcongolo. Ngaphandle kwamanye amaqela, njengoBeverver neChipeyan, abantu baseKree ngabantu bokuqala abahlala kula mazwe kwiminyaka engama-2000 edlulileyo.

Ekuqaleni, eli gama lalisetyenziselwa kuphela kwinqaba yase-Athabasca ekhoneni elisentshonalanga yelibi. Ngomnyaka we-1791 umdwebi webalazwe wenkampani "i-Hudson's Bay" uFilip Ternor kwelinye lamaphephancwadi lakhe libhala igama elithi "Atapison". Ngaphambi kwakhe, uPeter Fiedler ngo-1790 wammisela ngokuthi "Omkhulu wase-Arabia". Ngowe-1801 kukho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwesipelingi esisodwa, njengoko kufutshane namanamhlanje - iLake Atapaskov. Kwaye ngo-1820 uGeorge Simpson wabiza umlambo kunye nolwandle "uAthabasca".

Umthombo kubo kwakuyinjongo ephambili kworhwebo loboya. Elinye leendawo zakudala zaseYurophu eziselunxwemeni (kwintsimi ye-Alberta) yi-Fort-Chipyanyan, eyasungulwa ngo-1788 nguPeter Pond kwisikhokelo seenkampani yaseNyakatho-Western. Ukuhlaliswa kwabizwa igama lokuhlonipha abantu bendawo abahlala kwindawo yaseChilepeyan.

Imifuno kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle

I-echibi liyingxenye yoLwandle lwe-Peace-Athabasca Delta - i-wetland ehlukeneyo ejikelezayo. I-delta yindawo ebalulekileyo yokufuduka kunye nendawo yokuhlala kuyo iintlobo zeentaka njenge-swan yaseMelika, i-crane yaseCanada, kunye nama-goose amaninzi kunye namadada. Ukongezelela, malunga ne-80% yale ntsimi yimihlaba yeSizwe ye-Wood Buffalo (indawo ye-UNESCO yeGugu leNhlaba), apho kuhlala khona umhlambi omkhulu wezinkumbi zasendle.

Ukususela ngo-1926, ukuloba kuye kwacwangciswa echibi laseAthabasca. Ukubanjwa kubandakanya ikakhulukazi i- lake trout, ipakeki ne-pike esenyakatho. Ukongezelela kubo kukho iintlobo ezinjenge-gray, i-perch, i-burbot, i- char arctic. Ngowe-1961, ngoncedo lwenetha elikhulu, abadobi bakwazi ukufumana inkathazo enesisindo esingama-46.3 kg.

Iingxaki zendalo

I-Lake Athabasca isityebi kwiifom zendalo. Abantu abazange balahleke. Ngenxa yoko, nangenkulungwane ngaphambi kokugqibela, imayini esebenzayo ye-uranium kunye negolide yaqala kule ndawo. Ukufika kwisibini abasebenzi abaninzi abaneentsapho, ezisekelwe kumanxweme ayo kwidolophu yase-Uranium City. Indi yam yokugqibela ivaliwe kuma-1980, imiphumo yokumbiwa kweminye yonakalise kakhulu unxweme olusenyakatho lwalamanzi. Le meko yahlaziywa yiindidi ezininzi zeoli ezikufuphi. Iimigodi zegolide kwilabi zisasebenza.

Ngo-Oktobha 2013, enye yeemayini yamalahle yabhidlika kwaye iililitha ezili-600 zeelluge zawela kwi-Plant and Alotun Creeks. Iphunga lokungcoliseka liye laya kuMlambo wase-Athabasca, uhamba ngaphantsi. Ngenyanga ethile wafikelela echibini waza waphalala ngaphezu kwama-500 km.

Ummandla apho iLake Athabasca ifumaneka kufuphi nendawo yeoli. Le nyaniso okwangoku ixhalabile ngabaninzi bemvelo. Kuze kube ngo-1997, impembelelo yemveliso kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini yayingalawulwa, kwaye ukubeka iliso ngokufanelekileyo kuthethwa ngoku, njengoko kuxhaswa ngemali yenkampani yeoli.

Nangona ezinye iingxaki ekuqokelelwa kwedatha, uphando lwendalo lwangoku lubonise ukudibanisa ngqo phakathi kokungcoliseka kwelabi kunye neenqanawa zeoli. Ukwanda kwenani lama-hydrocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons kwii-ecosystems kufuphi ne-deposits kuboniswa. Oku kubangele ukukhathazeka, ekubeni izinto zihlala kwimeko yenkcubeko ixesha elide kwaye zingabhubhi.

Iindunduma zesihlabathi

Enye into eyingqayizivele yeli bhedlele yindunduma yesanti ehambahambayo, esekelwe kummandla oselunxwemeni. Ngo-1992, le ndawo yendalo imangalisayo ithathwa phantsi kokukhuselwa ngu-state. I-Park ye-Sand Dunes yase-Athabasca ihlelwe. Itholakala eSaskatchewan (Canada). Ipaki iphakamisa ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-100 ngasecaleni eliselunxwemeni lolwandle. Iindunduma eziselunxwemeni zide ubude be-400 ukuya kwi-1500 m kunye nokuphakama malunga ne-30 m. Ungafikelela kule ndawo kuphela kwindawo yamanzi echibi.