Umgaqo ukuguqula

Igama elithi "ukuguqula" lisuka kumagama Latin "facio", gama elo elithetha "ntoni" kwaye "falsus" - ". Bobuxoki ' Ingcinga isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ibinzana elithi "ukuguqula impahla." Eli nyathelo ujoliswe ubuqhophololo kunye ukuqhatha somxhasi imveliso ukuze inzuzo.

Lo mgaqo a ukuguqula ngayo ithiyori falsity ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo ithiyori okanye lokulinga. Eli gama i-revolution yenzululwazi yaziswa yi Popper.

Umgaqo ukuguqula busenza ukuba inzululwazi kuqwalaselwa kuphela ezo ngcamango leyo ke, wawancamisa ekuhleni kulo mgaqo. Ngamanye amazwi, hypothesis lwezenzululwazi akwazi ukungqina falsity yayo. Zokuqinisekisa ukuguqula iinkqubo ngokusesikweni twatsa. Le yokugqibela ezinxulumene komsipha lotsalo kunye induction.

ukuguqula mgaqo usebenza kuphela uqikelelo enokwehla ekwanti. Bona banakho ukwala ubukho iziphumo ezithile yokuhlola mhlawumbi ngenxa ukungavumelani kunye neengcamango esisiseko. Noko ke, ngokuhlanganisa nobuninzi kwethiyori omnye ukufumana refutation yeengcinga kunzima kakhulu, njengoko wavumela uhlengahlengiso kwezinye amaqhekeza kuvavanyo e-worldwork theory, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo. Ngelo xesha kukho imfuneko ukugcina izimvo wenqaba ukwenza uqikelelo ngempumelelo ngakumbi - iindlela okungakumbi ukuqinisekisa inkqubela wokwenene ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe.

Umgaqo ukuguqula uye neengxaki ezifanayo. Enye ebalulekileyo ukufumana kwisikhundla Ngokubhekisele ubuhlobo isalamane kunye ngokupheleleyo inyaniso. Kulo mzekelo, ulwazi lokwenyaniso yinyama, ke, ukuba falsity unako kufumana umlinganiswa ngokupheleleyo.

Kanye njengokuba hayi iSADC bayaphika umgaqo zokuqinisekisa kwaye ayikwazi kuba wayezenza ukuguqula. Ngamanye amazwi, le nkqubo azinabungqina okanye lwabonisa ngokusebenzisa ubungqina yayo.

Umgaqo Falsifikatsionny i ufakelo isiphelo neopositivist kusengqiqweni ukwenza uhlahlelo emandundu lonke, kuquka nolwazi bulumko.

Ingcamango engundoqo bulumko yangoku umgaqo yokuqinisekiswa note yolwazi bulumko ukuya kutsho hlahlelo ubhalo ulwimi lwenzululwazi, utoliko kwimathematika logic njenge utshintsho yenzululwazi esesikweni yenziwa yi-nxaxheba ye Vienna Circle of kwimathematika logic. Ezi iingcinga zibe ezithandwa kakhulu kwi banesifo kunye novalo.

Umgaqo verification, ingakumbi, bugwetyelwe Schlick (intloko isangqa) kwaye babefuna ukuba enye nenye inkcazo yenzululwazi, nto leyo enesidima, incitshiswe kuluhlu izivakalisi protocol, ekufuneka kuvavanywa empirically. Ezo nezindululo Azifumaneki le nkqubo, loo nto phantsi zinganyantswa izibakala enokwehla, iingcamango zezo zicingeleka alelwe nawaphi na intsingiselo.

Endaweni methodology of positivism ubhalo beza postpositivism. Oku iingqiqo ezinzima methodological ayikho into ethile bulumko inkqubo, esikolweni okanye ikhondo. Postpositivism liqonga-bulumko nenzululwazi. ukuhlasela linxulunyaniswa ukukhululwa yomsebenzi methodological ka Popper kunye Kuhn ethi.

A isici esasenza kweli nqanaba - zilingo elibalulekileyo concepts methodological, kwakunye ukugxekwa kwabo. Postpositivism wavuma ukuba kwimbali utshintsho olululo kunye ebalulekileyo ngenzululwazi kunqandwa. Yenza ukuba kuhlaziywe ulwazi lwangaphambili lwe isandi kunye ingqalelo. Popper weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba akukho logic ezenza. Kulo mba, iinzame ukusasaza inyaniso olwenziwa kwinqanaba theoretical component lithemba. Ngenxa yoko, Popper ibonisa ubukho phakathi etshabalalisayo aqale kutsalwe logic, nto leyo umgaqo ubuqhophololo.