Isakhiwo sikaRhulumente sase-Ukraine. Isakhiwo sikaRhulumente kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko yase-Ukraine

Ukraine - njengombuso ozimeleyo. It has nommandla wayo, amabhunga olawulo ephakamileyo wengingqi, urhulumente, ingubo iingalo, indwe kunye umhobe. isixhobo State Ukraine isakhiwo branched kunye kwisahlulo amasebe ezahlukeneyo kunye Ukubhukha zomthetho imigangatho ahambelanayo lwentando yesininzi.

ukuzuza ubukhosi

NgoJulayi 1990 Verkhovna rada (ipalamente Ukrainian) lamkela "Declaration on Ulongamo State." Olu xwebhu ivule iphepha elitsha kwimbali kweli lizwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba isakhiwo iinjongo zorhulumente wentando yesininzi esekelwe kulawulo ngomthetho.

Ngokutsho kwiSibhengezo, ezalisekisa iimfuno zoluntu igunya ukuvakalisa i Verkhovna rada. Akukho amaqela, imibutho okanye abantu (ngaphandle nomongameli, yaye ukuba kukho inani imiba) zange banelungelo lokwenza njalo. Olu xwebhu umisela ngegunya siseko kummandla amandla, imela impefumlelwano amasebe, enamandla, emdeni karhulumente kwi (imida Ukraine ngalo mzuzu kunye kumazwe asixhenxe), amalungelo oluntu kunye neminye imiba.

Ukusuka republic yasepalamente ukuba umongameli

Indlela Ukraine phezu zokwamkelwa Declaration phambi zokwamkelwa siseko karhulumente, icotha kunye ezintsonkothileyo. Oku lula wachaza utshintsho olukhulu ebomini kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.

NgoJulayi 1996, iyunithi amandla karhulumente yatshintsha. I Verkhovna Symbol usamkela umGaqo-siseko omtsha we Ukraine. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Ukraine ngoku - uyiRhiphablikhi yasepalamente kunye nolawulo kaMongameli. Umongameli inyulelwa qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Yena - intloko karhulumente, kulo mzekelo Aninakumkhonza ngaphezulu ezimbini.

abongameli:

• Kravchuk Z Makarovich (05.12.1991 - 19.07.1994).
• Kuchma Z Danilovich (19.07.1994 - 23.01.2005).
• Yuschenko UViktor Andreevich (23.01.2005 - 25.02.2010).
• Yanukovych UViktor Fedorovich (25.02.2010 - 22.02.2014).
• Poroshenko Pet Alekseevich (c 06.07.2014).

izilawuli

Iintlobo karhulumente Ukraine athobele imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi lwentando yesininzi. Wokuhlangana karhulumente yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu zinexabiso elilinganayo:

• zomthetho;
• elawulayo;
• enkundleni.

Verkhovna Symbol - yowiso-mthetho iphezulu Ukrainian. Yipalamente enetsheyimba enye, apho USomlomo wongamela. Imisebenzi ye Verkhovna rada - zokuqulunkqwa kwemithetho kunye nolawulo ngenyameko kaRhulumente. NokuNyula aMalungu ePalamente zibanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka-4. Bona ikhutshwa phandle efihlakeleyo yebhalothi. Bonke abemi abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphezulu babe nelungelo lokuvota.

isakhiwo Executive, elikhokelwa nguMongameli, ezingeniswe nguRhulumente phantsi iNkulumbuso kunye namagunya engingqi. Ngamaqumrhu esigqeba ziquka zabaphathiswa, ii-arhente zokhuseleko, umkhosi kunye nezinye iinkonzo.

Siseko Ukraine - mthetho uphambili lizwe. Uqinisekisa amalungelo athile kunye nenkululeko zabemi Ukrainian aze amisele imisebenzi yabo. Kweejaji namalungelo isigqibo elizimeleyo. Ukuziqhelisa, amazwe kunye nexesha lotshintsho kube nzima ukwahlukanisa ngokupheleleyo kwisigqeba kunye namasebe zomthetho. igunya ephambili - yiNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko.

Uhlobo lorhulumente

Kwihlabathi kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo karhulumente:

• esihlangene (single);
• ne luhlobo oluntsonkothileyo isixhobo (iimanyano, imidlalo).

Esihlangene - urhulumente kunye kummandla yahlulwe iiyunithi alinganayo zolawulo (imimandla, amaphondo, izithili, njl ...), phantsi kweli ziko.

Federation - yimeko oluntsonkothileyo federal eliquka iiyunithi yolawulo (republic, kwimimandla ezimeleyo, ithi, umhlaba, njl ...), Nguwuphi abe ukuzimela ezithile ezingokomthetho.

Izizathu ukuze kwakhiwe urhulumente federal kunye nokudityaniswa yonxulumano federal kunokuba-siseko kunye (okanye) isivumelwano federal. Ngokusekelwe izivumelwano ngqo kuvela, umzekelo, i-Federation of Australia, eSwitzerland, eUnited States, USSR, Malaysia, eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Bona owaziwa ngalo ngesivumelwano, ngokwahlukileyo kwi non-yesivumelwano, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan eyaqala ngokwesiseko amalungu esembindini karhulumente okanye wemetropolitan lokuzimela kwikamva le Federation.

Dlalo - komdibaniso okwethutyana: ubhekise acazulule okanye uguqulwe urhulumente federal. Umzekelo, kukho ngoku Switzerland njengelizwe federal, ngoxa kugcinwa igama "Confederation". kwavela dlalo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwi-USA, eJamani, eNetherlands.

E Ukraine, kwakusithiwa (ndakubona), zonke iintlobo karhulumente, i zifanelekileyo yolawulo esebenza ngokunemfezeko. Okwangoku, esebenza inkqubo qela liphikisayo.

parliamentarism Ukrainian

ziqwenga ngabanye kwipalamente Ukrainian phezu imbali yayo yaba Chamber ethandwayo ka Kievan Rus, i Sejm karhulumente Polish-Lithuanian, i Cossack Hetman amaxesha nemihlali, yaye kamva - umzimba iphezulu lowiso of Austria-Hungarian, uze uBukhosi Russian, i-Ukrainian SSR eSoviet Union.

Ukwenziwa Ukraine njengelizwe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuyilwa yePalamente wakhetha kwinkampani osemthethweni, onikwe ulawulo igunya, lowo kumazwe amaninzi. Iziphumo ekuqaleni isiko lwepalamente kwimbali yakutshanje yaba indalo kunye nokusebenza ngoMatshi 1917 - Ngo April 1918 Ukrainian Central rada - uhlobo zikazwelonke yesiqalo-epalamente, nto leyo eye wadlula indlela yendaleko yombutho kwezentlalo nezopolitiko for "isigqeba" igunya yabantu Ukrainian.

Ukuvela ePalamente kunye nemisebenzi yayo yaba linyathelo ubhalo ukubethelela abantu Ukrainian endleleni eya inkululeko kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Yiloo nto ke isithethe ngembali Ukrainian Central rada iqhubeka phantsi kweemeko zale mihla Verkhovna rada of Ukraine.

Kunye ePalamente, imele iimfuno uninzi kunye umongameli Ukraine.

Ministry

isixhobo State Ukraine imisebenzi yezolawulo na isakhiwo ecacileyo. Ngexesha ulawulo yentloko ngumengameli kufuneka, ogunyaziswe uninzi abavoti ukulawula.

Inyathelo ngezantsi ibekwe imisebenzi abanoxanduva iintsingiselo ibalulekileyo zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi: zoqoqosho, ukhuselo, ezempilo, inkcubeko, Ubulungiseleli Interior, uphuhliso lwengingqi, umgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo, eziphilayo, amandla, wezangaphandle, ulwazi, ulutsha kunye nezemidlalo, izibonelelo, imfundo kunye nenzululwazi, ubulungisa, ezemali, inkqubo zentlalo, iKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa.

Ubume bale Ofisi yoMphathiswa evunywe nguMphathiswa, kunye namaqumrhu ethile esembindini - iintloko zabo. Indlela ezakhiwe ngayo imizimba usembindini isigqeba samkelwe ngokubonisana Prime Minister of Ukraine, lokuQala Vice iNkulumbuso, uSekela-iNkulumbuso ngokungqinelana ukwabiwa amandla abo ezisebenzayo.

Head of Government uba inkulumbuso otyunjwe nguMongameli; kodwa ekugqibeleni namasekela rada kuthi. Ngokungafaniyo eminqubeni (Jamani, Japan, Great Britain, Italy kunye nabanye), iNkulumbuso Ukraine angenayo lakuzaliseka isigqibo. Angaxeli kuMongameli.

Uluhlu Prime Minister and oBambeleyo:

• Witold Fokin (1990-1992);
• Valentin Simonenko (1992);
• Z Kuchma (1992-1993);
• Yefim Zviagilskiy (1993-1994);
• Vitaly Masol (1994-1995);
• Evgeniy Lukyanenko (1995-1996);
• Pavlo Lazarenko (1996-1997);
• Basil Durdinets (1997);
• Valery Pustovojtenko (1997-1999);
• UViktor Yushchenko (1999-2001);
• Anatoly Kinakh (2001-2002);
• UViktor Yanukovych (2004-2005, 2006-2007);
• Nicholas Azarov (2005, 2010-2014);
• Yulia Tymoshenko (2005, 2007-2010);
• Yuriy Yekhanurov (2005-2006);
• Sergey Arbuzov (2014);
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014).

division zokuphatha

Iimpawu kukarhulumente of Ukraine iboniswa eqeleni yolawulo. Kuba lizwe abaselula zendalo "uvakalelwa ukuba" eyona ndlela ngokupheleleyo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Imeko eCrimea kunye Donbas iqinisekisa kuphela ukuba kuthatha ixesha, mhlawumbi, iinguqu ezithile ukuze ukwakha inkqubo yolawulo monolithic ethathela ingqalelo kwamalungelo onke amacandelo oluntu.

I Republic yahlulwe kwiingingqi, leyo ngomda kunye eSoviet Union, phantse ayikatshintshi - ezingama kwiindawo 24, ke ngoko yahlulwe kwizithili 490. imizi emikhulu 176 abe iwonga okukhethekile - zemimandla (republic) umyalelo nendlela nezithili zizinto ezikhoyo lwengingqi kwinqanaba lesibini. Kule Isigaba sesithathu - esondele ngayo abantu - zamatyala, mzi, nemizana. Kiev yeyona ndawo lwenkunzi.

Iimpawu karhulumente

Inkqubo isimo Ukraine iquka uhlobo siseko karhulumente, isakhiwo solawulo-sobummandla kunye ulawulo kwezopolitiko. Ingongoma wokugqibela inkqubo iindlela kunye neendlela kwamandla karhulumente, oko luphawulwa inqanaba eziqinisekileyo amalungelo oluntu.

Inqaku inombolo 1-siseko sele ibekwe Ukraine njengoko zorhulumente wentando yesininzi. Olu xwebhu umisela imigaqo intando yabantu, ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nemibono iyantlukwano, uxanduva loo mntu, nezinto ezinjengezo.

wentando

umbuso owodwa Ukraine uthi imigaqo yenkululeko, oluqhutywa ngqo kwi-arhente karhulumente kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko kwi 26.03.2002 esichaza ukuba "urhulumente wengingqi kufuneka lubonwe uhlobo lwabantu ngamandla."

A ukubonakaliswa idemokhrasi ngqo na ukhetho, referendums lesizwe nasekuhlaleni, amaphulo ezithandwayo, zimvo zoluntu kunye like. Kwimeko yabantu amandla kwilizwe oyinxalenye amalungu yomelo ethandwayo.

Izixhobo karhulumente kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi imizimba eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari ukumelwa kwabantu. imizimba Public akhiwa ummeli oyintloko abazikhethele zona, ngoncedo apho amandla lidluliselwe uRhulumente ngqo ngabantu. Kweli lizwe ukuba unguye Verkhovna rada (VR) kunye uMongameli Ukraine.

La maqumrhu karhulumente, leyo akhiwa BP kunye nomongameli, ke izidumbu zasesekondari, ukumelwa ngqo. Inzuzo idemokhrasi ngqo na ububanzi etsala abantu ukuya kwimicimbi yoluntu. Izinto eziluncedo ze ukusebenza kwamaziko omele ukuba esisigxina, ukusebenza qho yobungcali.

ulawulo karhulumente

umbuso owodwa Ukraine - lobunganga ezizimeleyo. Ulongamo ibizwa ulawulo abasemagunyeni zonyulo karhulumente kweli lizwe nokuzimela de facto evela imikhosi yangaphandle (amazwe, iintshukumo, imibutho, njalo njalo. D.).

Ulongamo wohlulwe bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Xa iimeko mihla wokuqala kulawulwa yi-siseko, kunye neenkxalabo yesibini uhlobo lobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo nemimiselo yomthetho ngamazwe. Ulongamo ayikho nje impahla karhulumente, kunye nabasemagunyeni ingakumbi kuluntu. Kuyinto ngaphezu iqela, ezenkolo, zemali - akukho namnye unako bizela intando yayo. Ngaphakathi nobukhosi yelizwe anqongophele ngenxa amalungelo oluntu asisiseko kuphela.

Ukwenziwa Ukraine njengelizwe kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle ulongamo lwangaphandle. Yena ngokubhekisela kwabo imida apho iinkqubo ezithile uhlanganiso iimeko interstate ngoku kufuneka kwenzeke.

Xa intliziyo ukuzimela karhulumente ka Ukraine ekuthiwa ulongamo yabantu. Ngoko ke abantu, ubukhulu becala unyulo ezamahala legitimizes amandla karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba imvelaphi yabantu, ngoko ke kufuneka babe namandla. ulongamo Abantu luyasetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa umzimba ngummeli wayo kwaye ngqo nabantu zengingqi unyulo, ingxoxo zoluntu zimvo. Ngoko ke ubukhosi okunene ingqamana abanam kwi demokrasi.

Ukuthobela umthetho

Ukuze imeko ngokusemthethweni eUkraine, kwaye onjalo, abasemagunyeni kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwayo nemithetho zomthetho kuwo onke amanqanaba: yabasemagunyeni iphezulu zikarhulumente wonke umhlali. ukuze Legal - imeko ngokusemthethweni ukuze, umbutho kunye nolawulo lobudlelwane noluntu. Kule sikhundla, wathi:

• It is a uchasaniso esinamandla isiphithiphithi, isiphithiphithi, disorganization, ukungaqiniseki kunye nokungazinzi lobudlelane phakathi kwabantu;
• zomthetho ukuze ukunqanda izenzo kunokwenzeka ezingekho mthethweni ezenziwa ngurhulumente kunye namagunya ayo ngayo abemi, ngokunjalo umntu enye ngokunxulumene nenye.

Ngenxa buthathaka igunya, ukukhula neyethu nezixholoxholo 2013-2014 kwinkqubo karhulumente iSebe Ukraine aye aba semngciphekweni. Ulawulo lomthetho kukuba imodeli ngokusemthethweni, nto leyo ichaza ukuba umgangatho kwizifundo ze nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, ubunjani bazo, ulwalamano phakathi kwabantu ngokusemthethweni, kwakunye neendlela, ubuchule, iinkqubo zokusombulula ingxabano.

Ngokuqeshwa kagunyaziwe (i ariya ye ukusasazeka) okanye isikali ulawulo lomthetho uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi:

• urhulumente (ilizwe) ngokubanzi;
• amaqumrhu yasekhaya (ngabalawulwa nokumanyana, amashishini karhulumente azimeleyo);
• iiyunithi yokuphatha-ndawo - iidolophu, izithili, iingingqi, njl

Kuxhomekeka nefuthe lomthetho, iinxalenye zayo noshowo kwi ukuyilwa ulawulo lomthetho, sinako ukwenza umyalelo jikelele, yamacandelo, ekhethekileyo okanye yeziko. Iyonke elivela kunye nemisebenzi ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho yonke. Xa volume, esi sigaba eneneni iyafana ulawulo lomthetho qho indawo. Industry unokwenziwa usekelwe kwezithethe yesebe ethile yomthetho (siseko, zemali, inkqubo yoluntu, kunye nabanye.). EziZodwa (iziko) kuvela ngokwesiseko ukuphunyezwa ilungelo amaziko azimeleyo.

iinkundla

Namajaji - inkqubo yesithathu karhulumente Ukraine. It is baqaphela ngokusebenzisa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente ezizodwa - iinkundla. Ilizwe liseke izintlu ezintathu, phezu kwawo weNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko kufuneka. Waye ophetheyo - isisombululo imiba jikelele echaphazela isiseko lonke igunya --siseko.

Imiba Practical (kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho) ukubekela bucala iinkundla jikelele kunye nolamlo, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela urhulumente Ukraine kuthatha kwisakhiwo elungeleleneyo kulinganiswa yi rada (mthetho), uMongameli (Representative Executive System) kunye iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko (njengoko ifom eliphezulu ukubonakalalisa kwinkqubo yenkundla).

MIA

ukuze Legal - imeko ngokomthetho kanye ukuze, zokuhlala, umbutho ka lobudlelwane noluntu, ngenxa yokuba ukuphunyezwa kanye umthetho, ngobuwena lwabo ebomini. Ingcamango karhulumente alohlukaniswa ingqiqo kagunyaziwe "esomeleleyo 'zomthetho. Ukuze igcinwe kwaye umiliselo Ukraine wadala Ministry of the Interior.

Ekuqaleni, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs of Ukraine yayahlulwe iinkonzo ezizodwa:

• amapolisa Public.
• amapolisa Criminal.
• Gai.
• Service Security State.
• imikhosi ezikhethekileyo Ezahlukeneyo.

guqula

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2014 yatshintsha kakhulu isakhiwo Ministry of Internal Affairs. Okokuqala, endaweni yokuba amapolisa yavunywa yi nguMongameli kwi 08.04.2015, i-National zaMapolisa. Bahlele ngaphandle izakhiwo zothutho, amapolisa kunye GUBOP lwezilwanyana. Ukususela ngo-2016 umsebenzi gai "ukunika" wadala inkqubo yekhompyutha eyenzelwe endaweni amagosa "live" endlela. 16/09/2015 uyekwa the Interior Ministry indawo. Liqukumbele izimilo 2017. Kakade ke, inkqubo karhulumente nezopolitiko ayiyi kuzohlwaya, kodwa ixesha lenguqu enokuchaphazela imeko-mthetho.

Kucetywa ukuba isakhiwo entsha Ministry of Interior kuthatha ekugqibeleni le fomu ilandelayo:

• amapolisa Criminal.
• Police olulodwa.
• yokhuseleko amapolisa.
• Yeposi kunye yoQhagamshelwano.
• zamapolisa Hamba kuzo.
• Imizimba uphando lwaphambi kwetyala.
• umsebenzi Police.
• ISebe ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi.
• amapolisa kwezoqoqosho.

iinkathazo ezingenakunqandwa zamazinyo iingxaki

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo karhulumente. Ukraine ukhethe uhlobo ecalanye yentsebenziswano lwamaqumrhu zolawulo. Imeko eCrimea kunye Donbas, intetho enika amagunya kwimimandla, de federalization wabeka phambi bemithetho, oosonzululwazi ezopolitiko kunye nemibuzo yoluntu, iimpendulo ezilula abekho.

Inkqubo yokudala kwisakhiwo esitsha wentando karhulumente. Kodwa kwixesha elifutshane inkqubo entsha urhulumente lusekiwe, i zamandla esizwe exhobileyo, iinkonzo zokhuseleko, amapolisa.