Iphepha eyenziwe ngomthi: ukuba yenziwa apho

Paper kuyaphela ngabantu kukuninzi. Umntu ngamnye une eekhilogremu alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukususela oko nendlela yokwenza iphepha, funda inqaku.

ulwazi zembali

Kudala, ngo-105 BC, Cai Lun - ummi Imperial of China, luvelise iphepha emthini yebhalsam. Wenza umxube yayo iinkuni, hemp, amadlavu, iinkuni uthuthu wongezelela kuyo yonke ekhutshelwe kwiscreen ukuba zome. Ke womile ilitye mass olugudisiweyo.

I ukufumana iphepha ngamaplanga, yaye ithenwa Chinese Cai Lun waba yimbangi lokuqala zobugcisa wayo. Ngoko ndithi amaTshayina. Kodwa abantu babe izimvo ezahlukeneyo izazinzulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba abembi amaninzi zifumaneka bechola iphepha China, yabhalwa ngaso ekuqaleni.

izinto zokwenza imveliso

Iphepha eveliswa ekuqaleni emthini kunye nezinye Imicu imvelaphi yemifuno: nekalamo, irayisi iindiza, hemp, kwaye kananjalo inkunkuma bemthandele, iphepha inkunkuma kunye nezinye izinto. Kuba imithi ezahlukeneyo ukusetyenziswa emthini. Wood ido- ingalungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi.

Oku kucingwa ukuba indlela ngoomatshini kakhulu nenoqoqosho. Iinkuni lwamashishini zokusebenza isikwe, kuvela usana. Oku luxutywe namanzi. Iphepha evela yintlama eziveliswa ngale ndlela, kodwa ndikwabuthathaka, ukuvelisa amaphephandaba lulo. iphepha kwizinga eliphezulu Imfono iye neselulosi olufunyenwe usebenzisa imithi. Ukuze wenze oku, ngamaplanga isikwe chips amancinci. Naye zikhethwe ngobungakanani. Ke shi isisombululo kunye iikhemikhali ikuphekwa iphekwe umatshini ekhethekileyo. Emva kokuba ecociweyo ndahlamba, apho ubumdaka ezingaphezulu ziyasuswa. Njengoba kuvela izinto iphepha ekuthiwa emthini. Ukusuka uvelisa iphepha amaphephancwadi, iincwadi, iincwadana, ngokuyambathisa izixhobo amandla aphezulu.

Iphepha eyenziwe esisesweni ngezandla zakhe

Kwimbuphu yesarha evela pine okanye nespruce azele ngamanzi okuphekiweyo kanye ngemini. Amanzi isongeza abasiNdiswayo soda abuhlungu. Ngenxa yokungabikho ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa nesoda yokubhaka. Emva ukupheka, umxube leyo zohlanjwa ngamanzi, woliphalaza. Ke kwakhona, kwimbuphu yesarha agalelwa iimbiza ngamanzi babeka phezu komlilo. Xa kwethumba, pan ngaphandle bubushushu, umxholo wayo utyumkile a lokuxhuba. Kungcono ninikane mass pulpy of uzinzo efanayo.

Nangona chips ivuthwa, isakhelo wenza obekwe kwi pallet, oko wolula igozi. ubunzima eliphekwe into echithwa isakhelo kwaye zisasazwe ngokufanayo kulo lonke komhlaba. amanzi agqithisileyo uya kwiidreyini sump. Kodwa nokususwa ngokukhawuleza ukufuma kufuneka promakivat ilaphu izifunxi. Ngoko ke isakhelo zocaphulo kunye sheet inokufunyanwa ubunzima, ngokulula ezahlulwe lulo.

Sheet kufuneka yokugubungela macala omabini iphepha okanye lephephandaba kunye phakathi eziplangeni phezulu yalugudla into enzima. Phantsi koxinzelelo olunjalo, umele ahlale imizuzu emihlanu. Emva koko, iphepha kakuhle zibekwe phezu kwale kwaye ezomisiweyo elangeni, eziko, uvale ibhetri.

isakhiwo

Paper akhutshwa yintlama ngomthi-based, yavelisa ukusebenzisa indlela yemveliso ngoomatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha isiseko kwezinye izinto zivela. Eli phepha ingenziwa nokuba ekhaya. Kodwa kuya kuba mgangathweni.

Kule mihla ido- ilungisiwe ziinkqubo indlela ngokusebenzisa imichiza. Iphepha eliphezulu-umgangatho kumafa wayo kufuneka izithako zilandelayo:

• Solinganiso hydrophobic, nto leyo ethintela yokwanekela inki ephepheni. Abayi ubonakale kwicala le-sheet. Njengoko kusetyenziswa rosin isiphathi ngcina.
• Le resin ngcina okanye istatshi. Ngenxa kula iphepha zingangeni umthi ixesha elide kakhulu yaye ukumelana kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kuyo.
• Kaolin, talc okanye ngetshokhwe ukwenza iphepha ngaphaya ngaphantsi nokunyusa mninzi yayo.

iindidi zomthi

Kunzima kwaye ethambileyo. Uhlobo lokuqala ngamaplanga lufumaneka imithi sapling: pine, msipres, nespruce, redwood, kunye ngumhlonyane. Sapling ezifunyenwe imithi ebanzi-namasango angabi nakuvalwa: beech, maple nemipopulari, ezinde oki. Emvula iingingqi - yepla-, mahogany nabamnyama.

Iphepha ngokhuni yezi ntlobo kuyancomeka. Kodwa, ngelishwa, ukukhula ngokucothayo. Bagawula ngaphezu nokuzala. Ngoko ke, emahlathini emvula zemithi ezixabisekileyo iba ezincinane.

production Paper namhlanje

Eli phepha nguye ethe yaveliswa ukusuka ubunzima kwimicu ngamnye leyo ifunyenwe feedstock macerating cellulosic. Weight kugalelwe kuqala ngamanzi uze unokuwuthabatha na uhlobo, leyo umnatha usasolulile. imisele yamanzi engaphezulu, ome ubunzima, iphepha iphepha ifunyenwe. Le ngummi Chinese Cai Lun awavusa ngayo intwana lwakhe lokuqala kwephepha. Ngeli xesha, nangona phantse iminyaka engamawaka amabini, utshintsho olumandla yenzekile.

Namhlanje, kwephepha oluqhutywa mveliso mihla kunye iivenkile ezinkulu, izixhobo ukuba enze imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokufumana imicu emthini ukuze ndinabele ifomu kunye nesakhiwo, apho izinto iphepha axutywe yokuncamathelisa kunye nentlaka. Ngcina manzi amanzi avela ephepheni, kunye nentlaka kuthintela ukusasazeka-inki. Iphepha eyenziwe ngomthi, nto leyo limelwe ifoto kwi umboniso, kungekhona abadinga unyango olunjalo iinjongo zokuprinta ukususela inki alaqhenqetha.

Inyathelo elilandelayo yi ukupeyinta. Ukuze benze oku, iphepha ibekwe ngendlela Umxhubi kunye ngombala okanye nedayi. Emva koko, elidla wondla kumatshini, ekuthiwa iphepha. Emva kokuba onke amanyathelo processing kule ubunzima Umatshini iba esongwayo iribhoni iphepha bekuza izileyi ezininzi, omnye Sehla amanzi, enye - yomile ekhasethini, eyesithathu - zokukhazimlisa.

In inyathelo elilandelayo iphepha uthunyelwa masifundisane ngenxa ukucofa manzi. Apho, imicu ezo degreased yaye ubunjwe ngakumbi. Isiphumo liphepha elomileyo beenkuni emhlophe, inxeba phezu kwimiqulu omkhulu ukuya kumshicileli. Apho ke, bahlabeka ubukhulu efunekayo.