Cruiser - wempi umphezulu: neempawu, izabelo. imikhumbi Navy Russian

Cruiser - iklasi leenqanawa kumphezulu yokulwa ukuba unako ukwenza imisebenzi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwimo intanethi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zezithuthi engundoqo. Kutshanje, olu hlobo iinqanawa watyhala iinxalenye edibeneyo fleet, eliquka iiyunithi ezininzi, kwaye iNkundla ingqalelo uhlobo oluthile yokusebenza (ubukhulu becala kwi ukuvimba lomoya, umhlaba nolwandle iindidi izixhobo yotshaba). Kungoku kusetyenziswa cruisers Russian Navy, i-US kunye Peru.

ulwazi jikelele

Uphuhliso weenqanawa yaqala ukususela kwixesha yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Amanye amazwe kulo mba, wazama ukuba up. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi iMelika, France, Jamani, Japan kunye UK. Cruiser - yenye amacandelo iiyunithi yomkhosi, ukubonelela ulongamo karhulumente ukuze awukhusele ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Kwenqanawa izithuthi nje kuphela ukunika ulawulo kwimida yamanzi, kodwa Siyayixhasa ilizwe inxalenye.

On the Navy eyabelwe imisebenzi emininzi. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lizwe.
2. Inkxaso amaphulo ezahlukeneyo koluntu kunye nophando, musa iyaphikisana umdla karhulumente.
3. Avavanya zangaphakathi kunye namalunga.

Ngokunxulumene iinqanawa ezo ezahlukahlukeneyo ojolise zihlelwa ezintlwini ngokwenjongo yayo ephambili. Iiklasi leenqanawa, ke ngoko nohlulwe subcategories. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kuxhomekeke uhlobo lwesityalo lwamandla, ukubana, indawo, kukho amathuba ezongezelelweyo. iinqanawa Grade ezine enikwe eRashiya, enyangweni leyo kuthathwa kuqala. Cinga kuqala sibonisa inkcazo emfutshane injongo kunye cruisers.

mathuba imbali

Le mbono "Cruiser" kwi ebanzi wangena ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Eli gama ngaloo mihla kwakuthetha nokwenza izibonelelo ngaphandle bequbha. Igama waba elide ijolise ukujonga kuyo enqanaweni, kunokuba isakhiwo sayo. Bebodwa, inqanawa leyo encinane, waba isantya ethile kunye uphume. Bona zasetyenziselwa kwesimo, unxibelelwano, inyathelo ngamnye ukukhusela mimandla nongquzulwano karate.

Sele Cruiser ngenkulungwane ye-18 - a awahlali, apho, kunye nemilinganiselo compact na ngesantya esiphezulu. Lubeke njengesikhali zokudubula. Kwakhona kolu didi lo corvettes, brigs, sloops, nkqu iinguqulelo zokudada izibonelelo.

Battlecruiser: izisekelo

iimpahla ezifana zihlelwa iinqanawa kumphezulu enzima. imbonakalo yazo yaba sisiphumo inkomfa ekhethekileyo maritime eyayibanjwe eWashington. Abameli imikhosi yaseBritani yomkhosi wamanzi, nto leyo nayo isixhobo yabo kunezixhobo ezinamandla, ngempumelelo yaye kubize kakhulu "Hawkins" emva uzama ukutshintsha cruisers ukusuka abameli nkomfa baphikelela ukwamkelwa izithintelo ezithile kule nkalo. Ngenxa yoko, iimfuno battlecruisers ziquka ukubana ezona iitoni ukuya ku-10 yezixhobo kunye bodidi etshintshekileyo engagqithanga kwi-203 eemilimitha.

umnqophiso omtsha inxaxheba eUnited States, Great Britain neFransi esatyikitywa ngowe-1936. Ngokutsho kwakhe, oko vala ukwakhiwa izithuthi ezinzima de 1942. Kulo mba, lo Cruiser edabini ukuba iingalo ekhululekile, ukubana eliphantsi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Advantageously, libhekisela iisampula ezifana "New York", "kwisiphaluka" yaye "Surrey".

Sizama ukwakha iinqanawa ezifanayo eSoviet Union. uhlobo inqanawa "Kronstadt" bakwazi ukwenza zokudubula kwezikhali ukuvuleka 305 eemilimitha kwaye axhotyiswe ngezakhe enzima. cruisers ezimbini babekwa 1939, kodwa ukuqhambuka kwemfazwe yokwakhiwa yabo wamiswa.

NS.

Cruiser Nuclear eSoviet Union zimelwe ziiyunithi ezine inani le projekthi 58 ( "i esibi"). Bathi yasekwa njengoko abonakalisi, kodwa ngo-1977 ngokutsha ngeenqanawa irula. Ukongeza, ngethuba elisusela kwi-1970 ukuya 1990 waphuhliswa icebreaker ezintandathu enyukliya "Arktika", uninzi ezibe kule projekthi okanye ziye ngokuyinxenye iguqulelwe kwezinye iintlobo.

Cruiser "slava" ngomnye iinqanawa, ezafumana imveliso series elilinganiselweyo. Enye ikopi yakhiwa malunga neminyaka emine. Isizukulwana esitsha zonke izithuthi eSoviet yenzelwe ngamaqhinga kumanzi olwandle evulekileyo. njongo yabo iphambili - longquzulwano carrier idabi uyalela ubuchule emanzini, besilwa convoys ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkxaso negunya phezu komhlaba kunye namanzi.

Esineempawu ezithi unayo umphezulu wempi i "Uzuko":

• ubude / ububanzi / Idrafti - 187/19 / 7.5 yeemitha;
• powerplant - iinjini yerhasi;
• inqanawa mayixhotyiswe liqonga zokubeka izindululi kudidi "umgangatho-to-kumphezulu";
• kwezikhali - sibazise zokudubula, torpedoes nxamnye ngwenya, imipu anti-moya nemipu machine, kungenzeka wokusekela inkcazo ihelikopta yamajoni.

ukuguqulwa ezilula

Cruiser Light kwabangela ukwanda umdla banesifo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Phezu kwaba izizathu ezimbalwa:

1. Kwaba lula ukuba athobele nesivumelwano interstate kwi ekuxhobiseni isitsha abaxhobileyo.
2. Le nqanawa yaba moya yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngoko ungayisebenzisa kwimisebenzi ezizodwa kakhulu.
3. alahlekelwe unit yokwakha zehla kakhulu.

Navy eSoviet Union wongezelela cruisers project 26 Iinqanawa ziyilelwe kunye nxaxheba leengcali Italian ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ezinamandla nesantya elungileyo. Ilishwa ziquka kwasezantsi ingami, umgangatho ophantsi ukubhukisha kunye seaworthiness buthathaka. Xa novalo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngokusekelwe kwezi AMAGQABAZA ▸ zadalwa Project 68 ezahlukeneyo ukhuseleko inzuzo kunye nokusebenza seaworthiness cruisers eziliqela.

imikhumbi Navy Russian

Imikhumbi yanamhlanje eRashiya yindlela ethembekileyo kushishino ekhulayo. Ngo-2014, i-Navy ifumene iinqanawa ezintsha ezintlanu, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintathu kwabulawa izikhephe ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. , Ukongeza yaye wadala iiprojekthi kunye nezixhobo imizili qhinga.

Isiseko yomkhosi kumphezulu ziquka:

• iinqanawa antisubmarine elikhulu khona;
• cruisers ekulweni;
• abonakalisi zomkhosi, kwakunye iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo izikhephe, esebenzisa inkxaso-mali yesondlo.

Ukongeza, ezi zithuthi iilebhile ziphuculwe iiyunithi backup. Phakathi kwazo kukho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zokuhlola ezimbini, iinqanawa anti-ngwenya kunye kubabulali.

Ezilandela i facelift?

Kucetywa ukuba ukuphucula yenethiwekhi moya enzima "Admiral Kuznetsov". Uya lidilizwe izindululi "Granite", nto leyo eza kwandisa indawo moya yokuma ka-4500 square metres. Ngezikhali ikhulise izakhiwo bade usebenzisa iintlawulo uluhlu eliphakathi.

Maxesha ziya iinqanawa nagama abaphathi: ". Lazaro" "Nakhimov", "Ushakov", "Pet Veliky" - uhlobo Cruiser enzima, nto leyo izicwangciso ukuguqula ngo-2020. Updates advantageously kuchaphazela ufakelo lwezi zixokelelwano zitsha emkhosini, ubukrelekrele kunye radar.

Ukongeza, izicwangciso zokuphucula iiprojekthi isikhephe №№ 877, 971, 945 ( "Halibut" "Pike", "Barracuda", "Condor"). Wavele, baya kuxhotyiswa iinkqubo moya mihla imijukujelwa. Ubukhulu becala, kuya kuba iinqanawa jikelele swi ngxabano nomhlaba, ulwandle nomoya imikhosi yotshaba.

Inqanawa "Vasily Bykov"

Iintlobo cruisers kolu ngcelele ziyilelwe ukuba balihambahambe indawo yezoqoqosho, ukhuselo ezifunda yokhuseleko umda amanzi ngesinyanzeliso Pirate, iliso kokusingqongileyo, kwakunye izitya yokukhangela nokuhlangula abachaphazelekayo. Ukongeza, le Cruiser uyakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Khusela kwaye imkhaphe iinqanawa zorhwebo okanye umkhosi.
2. Yenza patrol nokuhlangula ebufundisini.
3. Lusetyenziswe njengendlela yenkxaso zonyango.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kulindeleke ukuba bafikelele ulungiso-12. Le Cruiser - inqanawa, ekuthiwa emva kokuba iqhawe yiSoviet Union, yangasemva Admiral Vladimir Bykov.

amathuba

Ukuyila phambili carrier moya yasungulwa ngo-2005. Ngokutsho kwizicwangciso, ngo-2017 kuthiwa umkhombe ukuze athathe indawo eMntla Fleet. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokwakha etshintsha rhoqo iimeko kunye neemfuno, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukulibaziseka kule nkqubo. Ngo-2013, i-layout iye yabonisa ingeniswe Krylov State Center Research and PKB "Nevsky".

Abayili, kwachazwa ukuba kukho iiprojekthi ezintathu, ixabiso nganye kuzo emva kokugqitywa yobomi iya kuba malunga ne-130 billion engange. ixesha Uqikelelo zolwakhiwo iisampulu - eyi-10.

iinqanawa ezintsha Russian waseManzini uya kuba mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Abe ukubana iitoni 80.
2. Ifakwe catapults ezine iperi kickers.
3. Ifakwe iilifti eziliqela.
4. Kuba nako ukwamkela abathathi ezininzi izithuthi emanzini kunye ntaka ukuhlasela.

Ukongeza, ezi nqanawa ziya inkqubo radar efanayo analog advanced "Mars-Passat", kwakunye neenkqubo ezixhasayo kunye nezinye iintlobo radar efakiweyo.

anika umdla

imbali Cruisers ubonisa ukuba ezi iinqanawa zifunwa kwi Navy kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela. iinqanawa Modern ongenza neendidi zemisebenzi zomkhosi, kwakunye ukunika uncedo enkulu isiqabu yeentlekele kunye neengozi.

Imikhumbi Russian, phezu kwazo zonke iinzima, lihlale kwindawo ophambili phakathi amagunya ehlabathi Navy. indalo olucwangcisiweyo iimpahla ezintsha kunye nokusebenza aphezulu. iparameters abaninzi projekthi zigcinwa ziyimfihlo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba inani zokuguqulwa ziyaphuhliswa. Phakathi kwabo:

• isitya Hamba ngamabala bamazwe-elide umgama (Inombolo yeprojekthi 11356).
• frigates Latest kuba Sea Black.
• Umbhuqi "iNkokeli".
• Iprojekthi carrier Aircraft KGNTS IMDS 2013.

Zonke yoyilo baxhotyiswa isizukulwana entsha zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo, bayakwazi ukukhuphisana kunye kunoogxa edume amazwe.