Ukhuseleko yabaSebenzi - yintoni na le nto? imithetho yokhuseleko lezaBasebenzi. ukhuseleko Occupational epriskuli

Safety and Health - uluhlu lwemithetho ezijoliswe ekuphuhliseni imisebenzi banobuhlobo ekhuselekileyo imveliso. Migqaliselo ezibhalwe izinto ezahlukeneyo. Esilandelayo ukuphumeza indlela yokulawula Osh.

base olumisiweyo

esuka ngokwemigangatho emiselwe maxwebhu:

• imithetho yokhuseleko lezaBasebenzi.
• Imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo imisebenzi kunye namasebe.
• Imithetho.
• Izivumelwano nemibutho yabasebenzi.

Ezi zenzo ziqulathe amalungiselelo:

1. Elawula umbutho kunye nesicwangciso somsebenzi mveliso.
2. Ukuseka imbuyekezo kunye neenzuzo abaqeshwa ababandakanyekayo amashishini eziyingozi (yingozi).
3. iimfuneko zomthetho ze-TB kunye nococeko.
4. Umisela uxanduva labantu-sanctions imithetho nemimiselo emsebenzini.
5. Ukulawula izinto ezenziwa abasemagunyeni zokusuphavayiza ezilawulayo.

Safety and Health of the Russian Federation

Njengoko uxwebhu olumisiweyo ezisisiseko kweli nqanaba wakhetha TC. It ngokwaneleyo ngokubanzi zagutyungelwa imiba enxulumene nokukhuselwa yabasebenzi. Oku kubonisa ukuba urhulumente uya kuhlawula ngokwakhe ingqalelo iimeko apho kukho bakhonza amashishini abaninzi imihla ngemihla. TC enamacandelo eziliqela. Ngamnye kubo iquka imithetho elawula imiba ethile kwimveliso. Ngoko ke, lo Mgaqo lilawula ishedyuli iiyure zokusebenza kunye nengqeqesho, ukukhusela amalungelo abasebenzi, ubambiswano loluntu njalo njalo.

amalungiselelo jikelele

Eli candelo Code utyhila ingqikelelo "ukhuselo labour". Le nkcazelo ibandakanya ilungelo umqeshwa ukuba:

- iimeko bazifezekisayo iimfuneko ucoceko kunye nokhuseleko;

- abanye;

- imbuyekezo umonakalo, leyo yayifunyenwe ngethuba umsebenzi wabo;

- inshorensi enyanzelekileyo kwezentlalo;

- ukhuselo lomthetho njalo njalo.

isivumelwano

I-TC ukuba xwebhu uyazinikezela lonke i candelo. Ngoko ke, kuthiwa ukuba ekuphelisweni mvumelwano ngexesha yokungena lweshishini kufuneka ukuba kumiselwe iimpawu engqongileyo yokusebenza, ezi nzuzo kunye imbuyekezo (xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi lwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko ezinobungozi kunye eziyingozi), imo kunye neshedyuli lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo (ukuba ohlukile umgangatho kwi nkampani), iimeko kunye neentlobo ze-inshorensi yoluntu. Le mvumelwano uvumelekile ukuba angene abemi abaye wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ayityikitye aze kubantu kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala xa befumana imfundo jikelele okanye ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo kwenye inkqubo enkulu, ukongeza ngokupheleleyo-ixesha, uhlobo. Kulo mzekelo, esi sivumelwano siza wayisayinela le abulawe ngummi msebenzi lula, ngaphandle kokuhlutha ilungelo kwimpilo yakhe. Ngemvume yomzali, umgcini okanye isivumelwano umkhathaleli ekunokugqitywa nomntu iminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Le mvumelwano ungene ngemvume kulo mzekelo, ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula yabo nanceba ngexesha lokufunda.

ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi

Le yenye macandelo ezibalulekileyo TC. Ngokuhambelana ne izihloko zawo, bonke abantu ukuza emsebenzini okanye ukudluliselwa kwenye indawo, intloko kwishishini okanye umqeshwa ogunyaziswe nguye, uya kuqhuba uqeqesho ngo-OT. Umqeshi unyanzelekile ukuba ukunika imithetho omsebenzi ukhuseleko, kwaye abasebenzi lweshishini - ukuba baqhelene nabo. Inyaniso lokufundisa busisigxina kwiijenali ezifanelekileyo. Ngamaxesha athile, inkampani iya kungqinisiswa yi Osh. Oku kuquka amanyathelo asebenzisekayo kunceda ukuchonga inqanaba lokulungela kwabasebenzi kwimisebenzi nemveliso. Ukuba umqeshwa uya kusebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi okanye eyingozi, umqeshi unyanzelekile ukuba amalungiselelo uqeqesho lwakhe. Umzekelo, ezempilo kunye nokhuseleko kwi nokusebenza kofakelo zombane kuquka namajelo ekujoliswe, iiseshoni zoqeqesho, emva koko umqeshwa ufumana ufikelelo kwiisayithi efanelekileyo.

Amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zabasebenzi OT

Ukukhusela abasebenzi kuqinisekiswa kwindawo yokuqala, intloko lweshishini. Lo mthetho inika abasebenzi kunye namalungelo athile aze abanike uxanduva kwindawo yezempilo. Abo main zibandakanya:

• Ilungelo lokuba ube yomsebenzi ukuba ukhululekile ngempembelelo eziyingozi okanye eziyingozi, ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemiqathango emigudwini yakhe, ukhuselo lwemithombo ngeendleko yomqeshi, isibheno kwigunya zokusuphavayiza elinobuchule ukuba enze uhlolo kwabo iimeko zokusebenza.
• Umsebenzi umqeshwa ukuba athobele iimfuno zomthetho kunye nemigangatho. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka ulandele iingcebiso kubasebenzi bezempilo ukwazisa abasemagunyeni kwenzeka ngexesha likaxakeka, ngoko nangoko ingxelo ngengozi.

Iimfuno umqashi

inkqubo lweshishini ngalinye kwi nokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nempilo kufuneka kuphuhliswa. Oku kuquka onke amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo ekhuselekileyo. inkqubo Osh kufuneka elungelelanisiweyo kunye nabasemagunyeni zokusuphavayiza kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kule nkampani. Umqeshi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka:

• Nika abasebenzi indawo phantsi kolawulo lwabo ekhuselekileyo ubomi babantu kunye nesimo sempilo.
• Lungiselela iimviwo zonyango rhoqo ngendleko lweshishini.
• Qhuba X ngamanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nemithetho, ukungqinisisa abasebenzi ngendlela ngexesha.
• Nika abasebenzi ukhuseleko olwaneleyo.

Xa inani iitshekhi zempilo mandatory neenkqubo zokwamkelwa kurhulumente. Ngokukodwa, ezempilo kunye nokhuseleko kwi Dow kuquka uphando rhoqo ziingcali. amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ngokhuseleko nje kuphela ootitshala kunye nabanye abasebenzi, kodwa ke abantwana abahlala kweli ziko. Kwimibutho ezinjalo, abasemagunyeni zokusuphavayiza sihlolisisa ngenyameko i yempilo nokhuseleko ngayo. Ezi ngcali Dow kufuneka ivavanywe ukuyazi Manual TB, ukuba abe nako ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko abafundi.

Order nokuyala

Eli candelo Code thaca imithetho ezingundoqo ezijolise ukungqinelana neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo TB. Ukophulwa isiyalo yabasebenzi ibandakanya ukubekwa kwi abo bantu banoxanduva - evela kuzo futhi usola ukuba agxothwe. Kwimeko zokungaphumeleli ngumqeshi iimfuno singasebenza amanyathelo olawulo.

kweminyaka

Iimpawu zinika indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 zilawulwa ngendlela icandelo elahlukileyo le TC. Kuyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ithetha iintsilelo kunye nezibonelelo ezinxulumene umbuzo ovela lobudala ngalinye. Ngokukodwa, abemi awavumelekanga ukuba ukusebenzisa Ukuxelenga engama-18 amashishini yeemeko ezinzima, unxinzelelo okanye eziyingozi. Akuyi kuvunyelwa ukubandakanya kubo kwimisebenzi komhlaba, kwakunye nolwazi umonakalo kuphuhliso yokuziphatha kwabo. Akuvunyelwe ukuba athumele abasebenzi abaye bengekafiki kwiminyaka eli-18, kuhambo zoshishino, ukubandakanya ixesha, umsebenzi ebusuku, ngokuba umsebenzi neeholide veki. ikhefu lonyaka iya kunikwa abantu abanjalo elingekho ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-31 (ikhalenda).

Izivumelwano Collective kunye nezivumelwano

Eli candelo limisela ithuba lokungena kwisivumelwano yezibophelelo macala umqeshi kunye nomqeshwa enxulumene kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini. Oku, phakathi kwezinye iindidi, uza elivisayo kunye namabhinqa. Kwakhona ikhankanya ilungelo labaqeshwa ukuze benze iingcebiso kuphuhliso nokwamkelwa kwizivumelwano ezenzelwe onke amalungu.

inshorensi yoluntu

Kubaluleke gqitha ekuqinisekiseni OT uye FZ, elawula inkqubo-inshorensi yesinyanzelo yabasebenzi malunga neengozi ngexesha lemisebenzi yawo kwishishini. Ngokungqinelana kunye namalungiselelo abasebenzi balo kufuneka zikhuselwe kungakhathaliseki uhlobo bobunini nkampani. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufumana imbuyekezo umonakalo owenzeke impilo ngokuthi ekuqhubeni imisebenzi imveliso.

BT system amazinga

Lo mmiselo yenye yezempilo enkulu emsebenzini kunye nokhuseleko. Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo iqinisekisa ekulandeleni kweenkcukacha BT kunye namaxwebhu zobugcisa, kubandakanywa iimfuno zempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nemigangatho. Migangatho lengingqi (zenzelwe ukuba inkampani ethile), amashishini, urhulumente. imigangatho Industry siphuhliswa ngokungqinelana awohluke yecandelo elithile kwezoqoqosho. Bangafika engqongqo ngaphezu kwabo aba bakhoyo endlwini yabahambi eyahlukeneyo.

Ukwenza nokuququzelela isakhiwo

Ngokutsho kwiziseko nomthetho wezemisebenzi, uxanduva ukuyilwa kweemeko zokusebenza ayinabungozi yaye sikhuselekile kwishishini uyiphathisiweyo zolawulo lwakhe. Yena, ke, kufuneka akhokelwe iimfuno OT. Regulations on yokhuseleko zabasebenzi kunokuba zombini nangokudibana kwamacandelo kunye efanayo kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Inxibelelanise uphuhliso kwezi zenzo wezeMpilo Ministry of Russia.

Regulations on yokhuseleko zabasebenzi enokuvunywa ixesha elithile okanye ngonaphakade. imiyalelo kamabonwakude ezifunyenwe yi eligunyazisiweyo yolawulo central (federal) igunya phantsi kwisivumelwano kwangaphambili kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Le mimiselo siphuhliswa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo nangokudibana kwamacandelo neyamacandelo i-OT kwaye ukuba eziphikisana nazo. Systematization kunye accounting ibonelela i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, imiyalelo zakutshanje umgangatho - imizimba yase executive.

Supervision nokulawula

Le misebenzi yenziwa ngamaziko abagunyazisiweyo. Ezi ziquka namaqumrhu karhulumente kunye nokuhlola. Umsebenzi wabo ezimeleyo ziinkokeli zoshishino, ngokunjalo namagunya yazo ngaphezulu. Isakhiwo ngundoqo elilawulayo (federal) abasemagunyeni ukuphumeza ulawulo phezu nokugcina imithetho eqhelekileyo kunye nemigaqo shishino evela kwimibutho phantsi kakhulu kunye namaziko. Kweliso kubulawa ezenzo asekuhlaleni lweshishini isekelwe phezu kwentloko yakhe, Iintloko zamasebe, iinkokeli iqela kunye nezinye-abenzi bezigqibo.

Iimpawu imiyalelo standard

uxwebhu elowo uya kuwuthwala igama kunye nenombolo. Imiyalelo kubasebenzi iquka la macandelo alandelayo:

• iimfuneko jikelele.
• Imimiselo phambi kokuba utshintsho.
• TB kuyaqhubeka.
• Ukuziphatha ngexesha kwiimeko zongxamiseko.
• ukuvalwa TB.

Amacandelo zenziwa iimeko ezithile ukuba umsebenzi othile okanye udidi abasebenzi. Uhlaziyo zikhokelo kufuneka wenziwe ubuncinane kanye kwiminyaka 5 kumashishini eziqhelekileyo kanye qho emva kweminyaka emithathu - kushishino ezinobungozi.

Ukuba awuyitshintshanga iimfuno, intloko umba odolo echaphazelekayo (order) ukwandisa komhla wokuphelelwa. iintloko Unit kufuneka iseti yamaxwebhu olumisiweyo, kubandakanywa - nemiyalelo kubasebenzi ngokuhambelana nakwezobugcisa, kunye noluhlu ezo zenzo, evunywe yi kulawulo lweshishini. Iimfuno inokukhutshwa irisithi abasebenzi ukuba bafunde ngexesha emfutshane sokuqala, ufakwe kwi sayithi okanye zigcinwe kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo.