Zingaphi Russian ngwenya? lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Modern Russia. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo of the Russian lwaphela

Kutshanje, abemi zethu kusiba banomdla ekulweni ukusebenza semkhosini Russia. On Intanethi imiba eyahlukeneyo isandi enxulumene yomkhosi: .. "," njl Kutheni bonke ngequbuliso, abantu bethu waqalisa ukuba nomdla efanayo, ukuba Bangaphi amatanki imijukujelwa isizathu "Bangaphi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Russian kunye neenqanawa umphezulu,?"?

kuphambuko kuso

Namhlanje sele ke ezisitheleyo umongameli Russian kunye neqela lakhe wavele batshintsha ulwalathiso-nkqubo yethu amazwe. Bona baya kunika ukunqakraza kwi impumlo kunye yavuma. nkqubo Russian kuya eqinileyo ngakumbi, loo nto ayithethi ukugoba okanye ngaphantsi eUnited States, okanye ngaphantsi kwe European Union okanye yi-IMF. Abezopolitiko abaninzi Western bathi "ibhere Russian" yaphuma dormancy Kuxelwe kungekudala ngokwayo ngelizwi ngokupheleleyo. Izinto ezitshintshiweyo iingqondo umongameli wethu neqembu yakhe, kunzima ukutsho. AmaKristu badla ukuthetha izinto ezilizelayo imfazwe yokugqibela Apocalypse, nokuba Russia uya kuba onguMsindisi walo lonke uluntu. Fans abaphengululi eVedic bathi baphela ngobusuku Svarog, ngesifingo, oko kukuthi, ixesha sele iwupasisile ubuxoki benyhwalaza - .. kwafika ixesha iqhawe. Asiyi kuthi ngubani na elungileyo yaye ngubani na ephosakeleyo, mhlawumbi, Kulungile, uze uthethe efanayo, kodwa ujonge ehlabathini, nganye nenqaba yayo intsimbi. Lilungile ukubuyela kurhulumente, nto leyo inyathelo ngenyathelo someleze sokumiswa lwethu nobukhosi. Omnye program onjalo ukulungiswa Russian Armed Forces. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela ubume ngwenya fleet karhulumente, amathemba ethu uphuhliso, ufumanise lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zingaphi Russian yaye yintoni lupwa lwabo ubunakho. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba nkqubo eziqinileyo kunokukhokelela lowo imi emva enempi enkulu kuphela.

Zingaphi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Russian namhlanje?

Nangona sobunzima bezoqoqosho eyehlela lizwe lethu kwi-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye ukuvela kwabantu random kwi isithuba uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo kwinkulungwane entsha, yonke imikhosi befuna ukumtshabalalisa amandla ngoyaba karhulumente, imikhumbi wasemakhitshini kuseyinto enye nje enkulu ehlabathini, inethuba elikhulu ukwenza lupwa sokuhlola koxolo. Enye yeendima eziphambili lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Navy Russian na. Umbuzo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kangakanani Russian, Iyandonwabisa abaninzi, kodwa impendulo kunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, cinga manani ezisemthethweni Ministry of Defence. Ngokutsho iziphakamiso zoluntu, Navy IsiRashiya ngwenya 70. Phakathi kwabo:

• 14 icebreakers enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa 10 e Northern Fleet (SF) no-4 kwi-Pacific (PF);
• 9 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo wenyukliya iza imijukujelwa-4 no-5 e-SF e PF;
• icebreakers Multi-njongo 19: 14 ngo-5 SF kunye y PF;
• 8 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enyukliya iinjongo ezikhethekileyo - konke SF;
• 1 idizili ngwenya injongo ekhethekileyo - i-SF.
• 19 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo diesel 2 kwiBaltic Fleet (BF) 2 Black (BSF) kwi-7 SF 8 - y PF.

Amanani eyiyo zahlukile kakhulu ngezibalo

70 iziqwenga kwamanzi yezixhobo - zako umxhelo, kodwa amanani - manani kunye ubomi benene - yinto enye. La manani angentla zibonisa ukuba bexhobile umkhosi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enyukliya Isi-50 iiprojekthi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa, njengoko kwaba, kwimo yokulungela abahlala ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha kubo. Ke ezinye lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya le Russian waseManzini ziba reserve okanye ukulungiswa lokulinda, zize zizibuyisele zona kwindlela kakhulu, kuyathandabuzeka kakhulu. Hayi ukuba aluhlaza, makhe sijonge imeko ngwenya lwezithuthi iinkcukacha, ukuze ndithethe, kunye lenguqu ukuya ngamnye.

Kakhulu kubantwana abakwiminyaka eqalela

Abameli ezininzi "yamandulo" ye ngwenya fleet Russian ke izikhephe ezine 667BDR projekthi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ababini kubo (K-223 kunye K-433) bakhonza, K-44 ne K-129 eziza ilungiswe. Amathuba bebuyele nkqubo ayinamsebenzi, ngenxa yokuba abo ababandakanyekayo, sihlelwe ukubhala off amaphenyane xa omtsha.

Le lweenqanawa ezintywilayo iklasi kakhulu ubuninzi bazo iiprojekthi ezininzi. A lilonke leeyunithi 19 Navy yeendawo ezintlanu. Inkoliso yezi ubudala - izikhephe ezine 671RTMKK: K-388 kunye K-414 eziku, yaye K-138 kunye K-448 eziza ilungiswe. Bhala-off ezi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo icetyelwe-2015.

Isiseko se fleet ngwenya

Kuquka izikhephe ezithathu ezizezona zikhulu ehlabathini kwi Navy - 941 "Shark": TK-17 kunye TK-20 zisiwe solondolozo, TK-208 isetyenziswa yokuvavanywa imijukujelwa ballistic le "Bulava". Xa inani SF kuvela lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintandathu 667BDRM Project: K-18, bakhonza K-51, K-114, K-117 kunye K-407 kunye K-407 kufuneka uphume yezikhephe ukulungiswa kweli hlobo.

Ukongeza, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezisithoba "Antey" Project 949A aphezu izixhobo SF kunye PF, kodwa emine kuphela kubo (K-119, K-410, K-186 kunye K-456) ulondolozo zicwangciselwe, kwaye ezintlanu ezibhaliswe okanye ebekwe bucala, okanye ukulungisa, kunye amathemba abo liyaphela.

Isiseko sezikhephe multi-injongo up iinqanawa "Pike-B" Project 971. I-Russian lwaphela linamacandelo zabo elinanye, ezihlanu kuzo (K-154, K-157, K-317, K-335 kunye K-461) abakhoyo ukulwa umsebenzi inxalenye SF, ezimbini - K-295 kunye K-331 - zePasifiki Fleet, kwaye ezinye zikwimeko zilungiselwe ukulwa, azilungise phantsi umbuzo omkhulu. eminye imikhonjana ezine iiprojekthi 945 kunye 945A: "Barracuda" yaye "Condor", ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ezi iinqanawa zinzima-umsebenzi titanium yezindlu ezahlukeneyo. Ababini kubo - K-336 kunye K-534 - bakhonza njengenxalenye kwiBhunga Federation, kunye K-239 kunye K-276 Silungiselela uphuculo kunye nokulungiswa.

Njengoko ubona, nelona nani ngwenya, iRussia mncinci kakhulu kunokuba thaca kwingxelo yeSebe lezoKhuselo.

Uninzi inkwili mihla Russian

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Modern Russia - "Borey" Project 955 - ibe yinxalenye Navy kuphela ngo-2013. Ababini kubo, K-535 kunye K-550, zibe phezu ukulwa umsebenzi kwindawo ethile amanzi elwandle, i K-551 kuxhomekeke iimvavanyo karhulumente ayisosinyanzelo kwaye omnye nje sisephantsi kolwakhiwo. Imiselwe ukuba ndinikhululele uthotho lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezisibhozo kule projekthi.

Ngwenya fleet kakhulu mihla K-560 wethu Project 885 "Ash". Wazibandakanya nomkhosi wenqanawa 31 Disemba 2013. Ngokutsho kwiSebe lezoKhuselo izicwangciso, ezilishumi iinqanawa zenyukliya-enikwe loo baya kukhululwa. Njengoko ubona, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintsha Russia bayaqhubeka ukwenza kwi Navy, ngoko kukho ithemba lokuba kwiminyaka ezayo le meko izakutshintsha kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa ngcono.

Yintoni elindele eliba weenqanawa Russian?

Ngokutsho Russian Defense UMphathiswa Sergei Shoigu, Russian waseManzini de-2020 ziya kufumana ii nkwili ezintsha 24. iinqanawa ezinjalo iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo kwiiklasi ukuze bahlaziye kwaye kummisela kwinqanaba ngokomgangatho entsha yokulwa enokubakho kwizithuthi. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo linesicwangciso ezicacileyo zophuhliso Navy ngwenya kwi eminyaka ezayo. Lohlulwe ngezigaba ezithathu, nganye eneyazo injongo yayo kunye neempawu. Ixesha lokuqala sele ethathiwe kwaye ziya kugqitywa ngo-2020, kanye emva kokuqalisa yesibini, neliya kuphela ngo-2030, yaye le yokugqibela iya kuqhutywa ukususela 2031 ukuya 2050.

Phezu kwazo nje izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo kula manqanaba, yonke abanayo enye nefanayoa: ukugcina neziseko zobugcisa ngwenya nesinqanawa Russia kunye ukusisusa ukuya kwinqanaba iinkokeli zehlabathi. Makhe sithi gqaba sihlolisise nganye kwezi lwamathuba.

Inqanaba lokuqala

Owona msebenzi - ukwakhiwa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintsha yenyukliya owayethwele izixhobo zobuchule. Ngapha koko, izikhephe omdala ngoku eza isiphelo sobomi nkonzo kwaye kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Bona izicwangciso endaweni lweenqanawa ezintywilayo yeProjekthi 955 kunye 955A. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukuya ku-2020 icetyelwe ukuvelisa izikhephe 8 kule klasi. Emva zokwamkelwa kwenkqubo ngexesha elifanayo baya kukwazi ukugcina emsebenzini ngaphezu kwama-200 "Bulava" enomjukujelwa P-30. Ukongeza, i-Navy umyalelo wagqiba ukunikela inani elikhulu leeprojekthi olohlukileyo kwaye endaweni yazo multi-njongo icebreaker zenyukliya-enikwe "Ash" yesine-isizukulwana Project 885.

umlenze yesibini

Ngenxa yezizathu ye ukufihla iinkcukacha ngeli xesha na zenziwe esidlangalaleni, kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba ecwangcisiweyo ukutshintshwa epheleleyo kweepateni lixesha besizukulwana sesine kunye nokudalwa iiprojekthi ezintsha sizukulwana wesihlanu.

Isigaba sesithathu

Ngeli xesha le nkcazelo nokuba ngaphantsi kwe owesibini. Siyazi kuphela malunga ukuyilwa iimfuno ezintsha lweenqanawa ezintywilayo yesithandathu-ngezizukulwana. Mhlawumbi njengeprojekthi inkwili ibandla imodyuli iya kuzaliseka nini, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zabaxumi, walimisa elinye okanye elinye mnqongo wokulinganisela, umzekelo, kunye imijukujelwa okanye ballistic anti-nqanawa njalo njalo. D. Kuxhomekeka umsebenzi, isikhephe baya kuhlanganisana like njengomyili "Lego".

ulwazi zembali

Imbali ezisemthethweni lokwakha domestic lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kuqhutywa ukususela uPetros yokuQala (1718). Emva koko ke umchweli ukusuka kwidolophana kufuphi Moscow Yefim Nikonov bafaka isicelo * kuKhesare Russian, apho ecetywayo indawo ekuyiwa ebizwa ngokuba "inqanawa efihlakeleyo". Eli inkwili yokuqala eRashiya. Ngowe-1724, ngomhla we Neva River iye yavavanywa ongengowale ndalo, kodwa yasilela, kuba isitya ngexesha ekuhleni ukuba umonakalo ezantsi, nombhali projekthi phantse wafa waza wasinda kuphela ngenxa yokubandakanyeka lobuqu uPetros. umsebenzi Nikonov ukuba ukulungisa iziphene, kodwa ukufa umlawuli bakukhutshelwa, njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, iprojekthi ukhohliwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Russian kunye US sisiseko izithuthi inkwili yehlabathi. Ukuze ugcine sikhundla, lwasekhaya inkwili fleet kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula. Nilwenze olu nqaku ndifuna ukucaphula i Russian uMlawuli Alexander III (. 1881-1894 gg): "Xa hlabathi bebaninzi oyinyaniso amabini kuphela - sethu impi kunye weenqanawa. Zonke ezinye opolchatsya nxamnye nathi "ngokukhawuleza.